Interventionism and Over-Time Causal Analysis in Social Sciences

Causal Analysis ◽

Previous Literature ◽

Common Trend ◽

The Difference ◽

The interventionist theory of causation has been advertised as an empirically informed and more nuanced approach to causality than the competing theories. However, previous literature has not yet analyzed the regression discontinuity (hereafter, RD) and the difference-in-differences (hereafter, DD) within an interventionist framework. In this paper, I point out several drawbacks of using the interventionist methodology for justifying the DD and RD designs. Nevertheless, I argue that the first step toward enhancing our understanding of the DD and RD designs from an interventionist perspective is to take advantage of the assumptions of common trend and continuity.

Institutions, culture and migrants’ preference for state-provided welfare. Longitudinal evidence from Germany

Journal of European Social Policy ◽

10.1177/0958928716681463 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 197-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexander W. Schmidt-Catran ◽

Romana Careja

Keyword(s):

Welfare Regime ◽

Host Countries ◽

The Difference ◽

Time Invariant ◽

Using the difference-in-differences estimator and data provided by the German Socio-Economic Panel, this article explores migrants’ preferences for state-provided welfare. The study finds evidence that over time, the preferences of immigrants and natives become more similar. We interpret this finding as evidence that the culture of home countries does not have a time-invariant effect, and that immigrants’ welfare preferences are subject to a socializing effect of the host countries’ welfare regime.

State handgun purchase age minimums in the US and adolescent suicide rates: regression discontinuity and difference-in-differences analyses

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m2436 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m2436 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julia Raifman ◽

Elysia Larson ◽

Colleen L Barry ◽

Michael Siegel ◽

Michael Ulrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Suicide Rate ◽

Adolescent Suicide ◽

State Policies ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

The Us ◽

The Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between US state policies that establish age 18 or 21 years as the minimum purchaser age for the sale of handguns and adolescent suicide rate.DesignRegression discontinuity and difference-in-differences analyses.Setting46 US states without policy changes between 2001 and 2017; Missouri and South Carolina, which lowered the age for handgun sales in 2007 and 2008, respectively; and West Virginia and Wyoming, which increased the age for handgun sales in 2010.ParticipantsAdolescents aged 13 to 20 years(554 461 961 from 2001 to 2017) in the regression discontinuity analysis, and adolescents aged 18 to 20 years (168 934 041 from 2002 to 2014) in the main difference-in-differences analysis.Main outcome measureSuicide rate per 100 000 adolescents.ResultsIn the regression discontinuity analysis, state policies that limited the sale of handguns to those aged 18 or older (relative to 21 or older) were associated with an increase in suicide rate among adolescents aged 18 to 20 years equivalent to 344 additional suicides in each state where they were in place between 2001 and 2017. In the difference-in-differences analysis, state policies that limited the sale of handguns to those aged 21 or older were associated with 1.91 fewer suicides per 100 000 adolescents aged 18 to 20 years (95% confidence interval −3.13 to −0.70, permutation adjusted P=0.025). In the difference-in-differences analysis, there were 1.83 fewer firearm related suicides per 100 000 adolescents (−2.66 to −1.00, permutation adjusted P=0.002), with no association between age 21 handgun sales policies and non-firearm related suicides. Separate event study estimates indicated increases in suicide rates in states that lowered the age of handgun sales, with no association in states that increased the age of handgun sales.ConclusionsA clear discontinuity was shown in the suicide rate by age at age 18 in states that limited the sale of handguns to individuals aged 18 or older. State policies to limit the sale of handguns to individuals aged 21 or older were associated with a reduction in suicide rates among adolescents. Increases in suicide rates were observed after states lowered the age of handgun sales, but no effect was found in states that increased the age of handgun sales.

Methods Matter: p-Hacking and Publication Bias in Causal Analysis in Economics

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.20190687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 3634-3660 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abel Brodeur ◽

Nikolai Cook ◽

Anthony Heyes

Keyword(s):

Publication Bias ◽

Instrumental Variables ◽

Causal Analysis ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Regression Discontinuity Design ◽

Hypothesis Tests ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Economics Journals

The credibility revolution in economics has promoted causal identification using randomized control trials (RCT), difference-in-differences (DID), instrumental variables (IV) and regression discontinuity design (RDD). Applying multiple approaches to over 21,000 hypothesis tests published in 25 leading economics journals, we find that the extent of p-hacking and publication bias varies greatly by method. IV (and to a lesser extent DID) are particularly problematic. We find no evidence that (i) papers published in the Top 5 journals are different to others; (ii) the journal “revise and resubmit” process mitigates the problem; (iii) things are improving through time. (JEL A14, C12, C52)

Methods to Estimate Causal Effects - An Overview on IV, DiD and RDD and a Guide on How to Apply them in Practice

10.31235/osf.io/usvta ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Matthias Collischon

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Instrumental Variable ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Causal Effects ◽

Small Scale ◽

Regression Discontinuity Design ◽

Estimation Techniques ◽

Online Appendix

The identification of causal effects has gained increasing attention in social sciences over the last years and this trend also has found its way into sociology, albeit on a relatively small scale. This article provides an overview of three methods to identify causal effects that are rarely used in sociology: instrumental variable (IV) regression, difference-in-differences (DiD), and regression discontinuity design (RDD). I provide intuitive introductions to these methods, discuss identifying assumptions, limitations of the methods, promising extension, and present an exemplary study for each estimation method that can serve as a benchmark when applying these estimation techniques. Furthermore, the online appendix to this article contains Stata syntax that simulates data and shows how to apply these techniques in practice.

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2019-1-109-123 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 109-123

Author(s):

I. E. Limonov ◽

M. V. Nesena

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Modeling ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Public Investment ◽

The Public ◽

Export Activity ◽

Regional Investment ◽

The Difference ◽

The Impact ◽

Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

A Problem of Long - Term Digital Preservation: Difference in Humanities and Natural Sciences

Bibliotheca Lituana ◽

10.15388/bibllita.2014.3.15570 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 183-195

Author(s):

Elena Macevičiūtė

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Digital Preservation ◽

Dynamic Activity ◽

Private Companies ◽

Time Line ◽

Digital Documents ◽

Whole Process ◽

The Difference ◽

Technological Science

The article deals with the requirements and needs for long-term digital preservation in different areas of scholarly work. The concept of long-term digital preservation is introduced by comparing it to digitization and archiving concepts and defined with the emphasis on dynamic activity within a certain time line. The structure of digital preservation is presented with regard to the elements of the activity as understood in Activity Theory. The life-cycle of digitization processes forms the basis of the main processing of preserved data in preservation archival system.The author draws on the differences between humanities and social sciences on one hand and natural and technological science on the other. The empirical data characterizing the needs for digital preservation within different areas of scholarship are presented and show the difference in approaches to long-term digital preservation, as well as differences in selecting the items and implementing the projects of digital preservation. Institutions and organizations can also develop different understanding of preservation requirements for digital documents and other objects.The final part of the paper is devoted to some general problems pertaining to the longterm digital preservation with the emphasis of the responsibility for the whole process of safe-guarding the cultural and scholarly heritage for the re-use of the posterior generations. It is suggested that the longevity of the libraries in comparison with much shorter life-span of private companies strengthens the claim of memory institutions to playing the central role in the long-term digital preservation.

The Distinction between [P] and [S]

10.23943/princeton/9780691161006.003.0018 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Galen Strawson

Keyword(s):

Personal Identity ◽

Radical Change ◽

Legal Responsibility ◽

The Difference ◽

Definition Of ◽

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

ANALISIS KOMPARATIF TUTURAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS IQRA BURU

10.35542/osf.io/34ktv ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

HARZIKO

Keyword(s):

Historical Development ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Data Selection ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Comparative Linguistics ◽

Data Presentation ◽

Vocal System ◽

The Difference ◽

Bahasa Indonesia ◽

Language is a tool used to convey ideas, ideas, feelings, and thoughts to others. Language, which is an arbiter sound symbol system that is used by members of one community to work together, interact, and identify themselves. In other words, language can be a means to convey intent or purpose so that the desired thing is achieved. As a communication tool, language develops over time. Therefore, language will never die if its speakers still care and love for the language comparative linguistics as a study or study of language which includes the comparison of cognate languages or the historical development of a language. This research aims to elucidate the use of Indonesian language at students of Iqra Buru University with Comparative Analysis. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collected by observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Sources of data in this study were 5 speakers 5 speakers language Analyzing the data by means of data selection, data classification, and data presentation. The results of the study stated that there were phonological differences, namely the Jamee vowel system contained / ɛ / and / ɔ /, while the vocal system was / a / and the consonant system was Jamee / ɣ / or / R /, while the language / r /, then the difference pronunciations include single vowels, for example makɛn, bɔRa in Jamee and eating, bara in Language used by iqra Rush university students. Keywords

Defending the Difference

10.1093/oso/9780198796220.003.0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

Point Of View ◽

True Nature ◽

Natural Entities ◽

The Social ◽

The World ◽

Methodological Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

Rhythm

10.1093/oso/9780198828839.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lexi Eikelboom

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Twentieth Century ◽

Human Existence ◽

Embodied Experience ◽

Giorgio Agamben ◽

The Social ◽

Contemporary Philosopher ◽

The Subject ◽

The Difference ◽

Theoretical Category

This book argues that, as a pervasive dimension of human existence with theological implications, rhythm ought to be considered a category of theological significance. Philosophers and theologians have drawn on rhythm—patterned movements of repetition and variation—to describe reality, however, the ways in which rhythm is used and understood differ based on a variety of metaphysical commitments with varying theological implications. This book brings those implications into the open, using resources from phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences to analyse and evaluate uses of rhythm in metaphysical and theological accounts of reality. The analysis relies on a distinction from prosody between a synchronic approach to rhythm—observing the whole at once and considering how various dimensions of a rhythm hold together harmoniously—and a diachronic approach—focusing on the ways in which time unfolds as the subject experiences it. The text engages with the twentieth-century Jesuit theologian Erich Przywara alongside thinkers as diverse as Augustine and the contemporary philosopher Giorgio Agamben, and proposes an approach to rhythm that serves the concerns of theological conversation. It demonstrates the difference that including rhythm in theological conversation makes to how we think about questions such as “what is creation?” and “what is the nature of the God–creature relationship?” from the perspective of rhythm. As a theoretical category, capable of expressing metaphysical commitments, yet shaped by the cultural rhythms in which those expressing such commitments are embedded, rhythm is particularly significant for theology as a phenomenon through which culture and embodied experience influence doctrine.