Urban poverty and vulnerability in India: A social policy perspective

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Loughhead ◽  
Onkar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Conceptual Distinction

This article explains the characteristics of the urban poor and makes a strong case for its analysis and understanding at an individual, household and community level. The paper argues that policy makers need to make a conceptual distinction between social development and social protection during both the planning and implimentation of any antipoverty policy. To shift policy making towards this approach a considerable effort to shift in resource flows will be required. Analysis of the causes and symptoms of urban poverty needs to be improved, innovative partnership between different stakeholders (poor people as well as community leaders, governments, the pivate sector, NGOs and donors etc.) need to be developed and policy makers need to be clear about what they are trying to achieve — to raise all the poor to the improving condition and to keep them there or to continue with palliative measures which keep the poor in their vulnerable condition?

scholarly journals DEPRIVATIONS OF THE URBAN POOR IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONTEXT IN THE NORTH EASTERN INDIAN STATE OF MIZORAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
James L.T. Thanga ◽  
Joseph Lalremsanga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
The Poor

It is now widely accepted that poverty everywhere is no longer a question of lack of income or insufficient calorie intake, it has broadened to include several areas of deprivation such as inadequate housing, health & nutrition, assets, etc. So, multidimensional poverty index has been developed and used to examine the levels deprivations of people on basic necessities of life. Multidimensional poverty index has been constructed based on the sample survey data to examine deprivation of the poor people living in urban areas of Mizoram, India. It is observed that a quarter of the urban poor are severely deprived, while substantial proportion of the poor can easily fall back to severe deprivation with a slight change in their access to basic necessities of life. KEY WORDS: Multidimensional Poverty Index, Deprivation, Urban Poverty, Assets, Standard of Living, Health & Nutrition, Financial Inclusion.

“Documents, Please”

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Robert Brill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Infrastructure

A birth certificate is essential to exercising citizenship, yet vast numbers of poor people in developing countries have no official record of their existence. Few academic studies analyze the conditions under which governments come to document and certify births routinely, and those that do leave much to be explained, including why nontotalitarian governments at low to middle levels of economic development come to prioritize birth registration. This article draws attention to the impetus that welfare-building initiatives give to identity documentation. The empirical focus is on contemporary Latin America, where extensions in institutionalized social protection since the 1990s have increased the demand for and supply of birth registration, raising the life chances of the poor and building state infrastructure in the process. The authors' argument promises to have broader applicability as welfare states form in other developing regions.

scholarly journals Unique aspects of the Islamic microfinance financing process

Humanomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Permata Wulandari ◽  
Salina Kassim ◽  
Liyu Adhi Kasari Sulung ◽  
Niken Iwani Surya Putri
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Islamic Principle ◽  
Islamic Microfinance

Purpose This paper aims to highlight on the unique aspects of Islamic microfinance based on the experience of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil (BMT) in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach It adopts the content analysis approach and focuses on three phases of financing, namely, pre-financing, financing and post-financing using coding and model buildings. Data are collected through in-depth interview with a sample of representatives of BMTs that offer product based on Islamic principle for the poor located in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tanggerang and Bekasi (JABODETABEK), Sulawesi Selatan, Yogyakarta and Nusa Tenggara Barat (sample chosen based on the most concentrated areas of Islamic microfinance that offered product based on Islamic principles). Ultimately, a model based on the unique features of Islamic microfinance will be developed based on the findings of the content analysis. Findings The proposed model incorporates the peculiarities of the poor people in pre-financing, financing and post-financing activities of micro-financing products to serve as a reference for policy makers. The paper also found that each region has unique product preferences depending on the poor’s characteristics. Research limitations/implications This study is only conducted in four areas with BMT representation, namely, Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (often abbreviated as JABODETABEK), Sulawesi Selatan, Yogyakarta and Nusa Tenggara Barat) in Indonesia. Despite the limited scope, the findings have wide applications to the Islamic microfinancing in general. Originality/value The paper adds value to the literature on Islamic microfinance by enabling researchers and practitioners to understand the model of three step financing (pre-financing, financing and post-financing) in Islamic microfinance in Indonesia. Although not a new issue, the paper provides the practice of pre-financing, financing and post-financing processes which may differ from the practices of Islamic microfinance in other settings because of different cultural influences unique to every region.

Housing Citizenship Through the Federation of Urban Poor in South Africa

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Capability Development ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Capability

This chapter explores the notion of housing citizenship through the Federation of Urban Poor (FEDUP) among the poor and homeless in South African townships. Through the Federation of Urban Poor, the poor people have been instrumental and pragmatic in promoting housing citizenship self-funded and with the help of the Department of Human Settlement both locally and nationally. The chapter makes use of human-capability development framework to draw lessons for active participation and empowerment in the delivery of services such as houses. The chapter found that the people involved in FEDUP managed to transform their dire situation from marginalization to empowerment and have managed to further outsource both government and private sector resources in the form of finances and human expertise. The data in this chapter are collected through face-to-face interviews, document analysis, and observations.

Single mothers coping with food insecurity in a Nairobi slum

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802096384
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Madhavan ◽  
Shelley Clark ◽  
Sara Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Intangible Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan

With high urbanisation rates, cities in sub-Saharan Africa are contending with food insecurity. Urban studies scholars have approached the issue mainly from the perspective of food deserts. We adapt Sen’s ‘resource bundles’ and Watts and Bohles’s ‘space of vulnerability’ concepts to examine food insecurity as a function of both tangible and intangible resources. Moreover, we also interrogate the role of kin in strengthening safety nets for the urban poor. Drawing on a data set of 462 single mothers in a slum in Nairobi, Kenya, we find that (1) bundles comes in four types; (2) bundles with high levels of all resources buffer against food insecurity as do (3) bundles weighted with high levels of wealth and social standing; and (4) kin enhance the protective effect of bundles only for two types. These findings should direct urban poverty researchers to consider the compounding effect of resources in the reproduction of poverty and social inequality and encourage policy makers to focus on both vulnerability and resilience in designing interventions to ensure food security.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN KESENJANGAN SOSIAL REGIONAL DI INDONESIA 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Prasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This article discusses on poverty rate and inequlity in urban and rural areas during 2011-15. It shows that poverty rate tends todecrease. The poverty in rural area is worse than that in the urban one. The urban poor people work in the informal sector or in the small business. The poor in the rural areas work in the agriculture sector. The majority of poorest provinces is in the east Indonesia. However, the majority of the poor people live in Java island. Eventough the income inequility in Indonesia is moderate, but it  has been increased since 2011. There are many more poor people above the national poverty line. The government could inprove rural and east Indonesia infstructure in order to increase agriculture production. In this way the poverty in rural area and the gap between east and west Indonesia could decrease.

Leap-frogging the Urban-Poor to a High Income Economy: A Case Study From a Developing Country

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendhiran Nair ◽  
Santha Vaithilingam
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
National Development ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Klang Valley ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Poor Communities

Urban-poverty is a major concern for policy-makers in the developing world. If measures are not taken to address urban-poverty, it will result in growing social problems, which can lead to economic and political instability. It is widely recognized that ICT is a leap-frogging technology that can close the knowledge-divide and income gap between the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’. In this study, we examine if ICT diffusion can improve the income level of urban-poor communities in Malaysia. Three types of ICT were considered in this study, namely mobile phones, computers and internet. The study was conducted using survey data for 434 respondents from selected urban-poor communities in the Klang Valley region in Malaysia. The empirical analysis showed that all three ICTs enhanced the income level of this marginalised community. This provides evidence that ICT diffusion strategies should be an integral part of national development plans to address urban-poverty in developing countries.

Invisible Women

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Catherine Bertini
Keyword(s):  
Research Priorities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Women And Girls

Women are ubiquitous and critical to the nutritional well-being of their families, yet they are often invisible to policy-makers, public officials, community leaders, and researchers. Effecting significant decreases in the number of hungry poor people, as well as the improvement of nutritional and economic outcomes, requires policy in addition to operational and research priorities that are directed at the needs of women and girls.

scholarly journals Urban Poverty: Community Empowerment through National Program for Community Empowerment towards in Batam City

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
National Program ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study examines community empowerment in overcoming poverty through PNPM (Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat/ National Program for Community Empowerment) - Urban in Batam City. The purpose of this study was to identify the stages of participation of the poor in PNPM activities and analyze the stages of achievement of the poor after PNPM ended, this research was carried out because there were no studies that specifically discussed the achievements of the poor after the end of PNPM, especially whether the poor who participated in PNPM activities had come out of poverty. PNPM – Urban emphasizes community participation where all activities are left to the community itself, starting from socialization, poverty identification, organization, planning, implementation, to the utilization and maintenance of the results of activities. This study uses qualitative research. Data obtained by observation and in-depth interviews with 12 informants using purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate that community participation is at the stage of delegation of power, but the urban poor in Batam City still depend on government assistance and have not escaped poverty. The concept of community empowerment has not been optimal in the PNPM.

scholarly journals Impact of Job Skills Training Programs on Urban Poverty

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Suparmono
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Job Skills ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Job Skills Training ◽  
The Republic

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the ready-to-work skills training offered by the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Social Affairs on urban poor people who are members of micro and small businesses to mitigate urban poverty. This research was conducted in Balikpapan City during the 2019 season. The empirical approach used is statistics that are descriptive. Data collection was performed by telephone interviews with job skills training program recipients. As a result, in the form of growing skills, the training programs offered to the urban poor and some micro and small enterprises had a positive effect and those who did not pursue their business were able to find work due to the training they got. The flaw of this preparation is linked to the training recipients' continuous level of ability such that they are not yet at the advanced level.  

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