scholarly journals DEPRIVATIONS OF THE URBAN POOR IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL CONTEXT IN THE NORTH EASTERN INDIAN STATE OF MIZORAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
James L.T. Thanga ◽  
Joseph Lalremsanga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
The Poor

It is now widely accepted that poverty everywhere is no longer a question of lack of income or insufficient calorie intake, it has broadened to include several areas of deprivation such as inadequate housing, health & nutrition, assets, etc. So, multidimensional poverty index has been developed and used to examine the levels deprivations of people on basic necessities of life. Multidimensional poverty index has been constructed based on the sample survey data to examine deprivation of the poor people living in urban areas of Mizoram, India. It is observed that a quarter of the urban poor are severely deprived, while substantial proportion of the poor can easily fall back to severe deprivation with a slight change in their access to basic necessities of life. KEY WORDS: Multidimensional Poverty Index, Deprivation, Urban Poverty, Assets, Standard of Living, Health & Nutrition, Financial Inclusion.

scholarly journals Estimates of multidimensional poverty for India using NSSO-71 and -75

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venugopal Mothkoor ◽  
Nina Badgaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
State Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
National Sample Survey Organization

We measure multidimensional poverty in India using National Sample Survey Organization data from 2014–15 to 2017–18. We use income, health, education, and standard of living to measure the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The MPI headcount declined from 26.9 to 13.75 per cent over the study period. The all-India estimates indicate that 144 million people were lifted from poverty during this period. We include different health dimensions, factoring in insurance, institutional coverage, antenatal care, and chronic conditions. Income is the dominant instrument with the highest contribution to the MPI, followed by insurance. Cooking, sanitation, and education also have significant weights. The decline in deprivation is steeper in rural areas than urban areas. Our state-level estimates reveal that 20 states report less than 10 per cent headcount poverty, up from six states. COVID-19 may lead to reversals of these gains, with poverty rising to pre-2014–15 levels, rising more steeply in rural areas.

Examining calorie undernourishment in India: Is it due to choice or inadequacy?

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602094973
Author(s):  
Udaya S Mishra ◽  
Balakrushna Padhi ◽  
Rinju
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Food Expenditure ◽  
Lower Magnitude ◽  
Common Understanding

Background: Calorie undernourishment is often associated with poverty but India presents a unique scene of decline in money-metric poverty and rise in calorie deprivation. Existing literature has varied explanation towards this effect. However, neither are the poor entirely calorie compromised nor do all the non-poor qualify calorie compliance. Aim: This is an attempt at verifying whether calorie undernourishment is a result of choice of food basket or the inadequacy of food expenditure. Method: An answer to this question is attempted with the exploration of data obtained from the National Sample Survey Organization’s Consumption Expenditure of Indian households for the periods 2004–2005 and 2011–2012. Results: Findings reveal that over the last one decade, the average per capita per day calorie intakes have slightly increased from 2040.55 Kcal in 2004–2005 to 2087.33 Kcal in 2011–2012, which has led to the increased share of well-nourished households from 20.21% in the 61st round to 22.78% in the 68th round of survey in rural areas, whereas the similar increase in urban areas is from 36.1% to 40.65%. Conclusions: Calorie undernourishment among the non-poor is observed that calorie undernourishment, if any, among the non-poor is entirely due to choice but the same among the poor has a divide between choice and inadequacy. The urban poor are calorie compromised more due to choice rather than inadequacy as against their rural counterparts. With higher poverty, calorie, non-compliance among the poor is more due to choice when compared with lower magnitude of poverty. These observations form a basis for contesting the common understanding that calorie compromise is entirely driven by inadequacy/incapacity of food expenditure. could be viewed in terms of the food choices made, especially among the poor while setting the minimum threshold of food expenditure to be calorie compliant.

scholarly journals Measuring multidimensional poverty in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: looking beyond income

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-416
Author(s):  
Murilo Fahel ◽  
Leticia Ribeiro Teles
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Abstract The multidimensional poverty index (MPI) was developed by the Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (Ophi) in 2010. The MPI is established on indicators of health, education and standard of living. The concept of multidimensionality is anchored on the theory of poverty and human development elaborated by the indian economist Amartya Sen in the 1980s. The methodology used for the modeling of this study is based on Alkire and Foster - AF (2011) and analyzes the incidence and intensity of poverty. The purpose of this paper focuses on the application of the MPI in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil and uses the Household Sample Survey produced by João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP) in 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results indicate that the MPI is relativaly low, 0.0329 (2009), 0.0226 (2011) and 0.0155 (2013), indicating there is a tendency for decreasing along the years.

scholarly journals Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty in India: A State-level Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Tripathi ◽  
Komali Yenneti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
State Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Head Count ◽  
Level Analysis

This article measures Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in India using National Sample Survey (NSS) data on “Consumption Expenditure” for the period 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, adopting Alkire and Foster’s (2011, Journal of Public Economics, vol. 95, pp. 476–487) methodology. It considers three main indicators, namely standard of living, education and income at the level of households or persons. The results show that multidimensional poverty head count has declined from 62.2 per cent in 2004–2005 to 38.4 per cent in 2011–2012. However, separate rural and urban regional analysis clearly indicates a sharp decline in rural poverty compared to urban poverty reduction. Lack of education of the household members made the highest contribution to poverty, followed by income and standard of living in India. A state-level analysis shows that Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Arunachal Pradesh have a higher poverty head count ratio, while Kerala, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana have a lower poverty rate.

scholarly journals Conflict-Induced Poverty: Evidence from Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Lemus
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
Level Data ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractColombia is a country with both high incidence of poverty and an ongoing civil conflict. This study uses measures of government deterrence and anti-narcotic activity as instruments of conflict-specific variables to estimate the impact of conflict on poverty in Colombia. Using census-level data at the municipality level for 2005, I assess the effect of conflict on both the urban and rural incidence of the newly developed Multidimensional Poverty Index. The findings show that the incidence of conflict significantly increases rural, but not urban, poverty. This is consistent with the fact that most of the conflict in Colombia takes place in rural areas. I also explore the lagged effect of conflict on poverty to conclude that it lasts for at least 3 years, but decreases over time. Finally, I show that the results are robust to a battery of additional specifications, including the use of alternative conflict data and a modified version of the dependent variable.

Urban poverty and vulnerability in India: A social policy perspective

Social Change ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Loughhead ◽  
Onkar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Conceptual Distinction

This article explains the characteristics of the urban poor and makes a strong case for its analysis and understanding at an individual, household and community level. The paper argues that policy makers need to make a conceptual distinction between social development and social protection during both the planning and implimentation of any antipoverty policy. To shift policy making towards this approach a considerable effort to shift in resource flows will be required. Analysis of the causes and symptoms of urban poverty needs to be improved, innovative partnership between different stakeholders (poor people as well as community leaders, governments, the pivate sector, NGOs and donors etc.) need to be developed and policy makers need to be clear about what they are trying to achieve — to raise all the poor to the improving condition and to keep them there or to continue with palliative measures which keep the poor in their vulnerable condition?

scholarly journals STUDI KOMPARASI KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA: MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY DAN MONETARY POVERTY

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegar Rismanuar Nuryitmawan
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Household Asset ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Variable Consumption

Research on poverty has long been done by various methods and approaches. Approach to identifying the poor in general by calculating consumption expenditure or income reveneu. The calculation is then known as monetary poverty. Indonesia also use and implemented that approach. However, some experts believe that monetary poverty approach does not capture the whole cause of poverty because the indicator calculation not enough. Though poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that involves not only the economic aspects but involves other aspects. Using secondary data from Indonesian family Life survey, this study proposes to calculate the multidimensional poverty index and estimates the poor based on two approaches, multidimensional poverty and monetary poverty. Calculating the poverty by alkire foster method, whereas to estimate multidimensional poverty and Monetary Poverty using logistic regression. The Results for Alkire-Foter calculation method show that identify of poor by multidimensional poverty greater than the monetary poverty. Generally, the standard of living dimension contributes most to the multidimensional poverty index. Standar living dimention was believed to be the dimension that explains the nature of households that are directly related to the everyday household behavior. Meanwhile, estimation of monetary poverty show that variable consumption per capita, the head of the household sector employment, hours of work, household size and household asset ownership affects the identification of poverty. Only education variable is not significant effect on the identification of poverty. Base on those finding, education has two possibilities to affect poverty one significant affect multidimensional poverty, while for monetery hasn't affect.Keywords: Multidimensional poverty, Monetary Poverty, Alkire-Foster Method, Logistic Regression 

scholarly journals Accounting for drinking water quality in measuring multidimensional poverty in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243921
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Azeze Ambel ◽  
Harriet Kasidi Mugera ◽  
Robert E. S. Bain
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Poverty Measurement ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

The Multidimensional Poverty Index is used increasingly to measure poverty in developing countries. The index is constructed using selected indicators that cover health, education, and living standards dimensions. The accuracy of this tool, however, depends on how each indicator is measured. This study explores the effect of accounting for water quality in multidimensional poverty measurement. Access to drinking water is traditionally measured by water source types. The study uses a more comprehensive measure, access to safely managed drinking water services, which are free from E. coli contamination, available when needed and accessible on premises in line with Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1. The study finds that the new measure increases national multidimensional headcount poverty by 5–13 percentage points, which would mean that 5–13 million more people are multidimensionally poor. It also increases the poverty level in urban areas to a greater extent than in rural areas. The finding is robust to changes in water contamination risk levels and Multidimensional Poverty Index aggregation approaches and weighting structures.

The Status of Livelihood Vulnerability and Its CopingCapacities of Urban Squatters in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal

Patan Pragya ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Chhabi Ram Baral
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
The Status

Urban poverty is one of multidimensional issue in Nepal. Increasing immigration from the outer parts of Kathmandu due to rural poverty, unemployment and weak security of the lives and the properties are core causes pushing people into urban areas. In this context how squatter urban area people sustain their livelihoods is major concern. The objectives of the study are to find out livelihood assets and capacities squatters coping with their livelihood vulnerability in adverse situation. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are applied for data collection. It is found that squatters social security is weak, victimized by severe health problems earning is not regular with lack of physical facilities and overall livelihood is critical. This study helps to understand what the changes that have occurred in livelihood patterns and how poor people survive in urban area.

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