Tuhfah al-Mursalah ila Ruh al-Nabiy as the Source of the Doctrine Seven Grades of Being in the Malay-Indonesian Archipelago

The doctrine of seven grades of Being (Martabat Tujuh) has been widely known to be a sufi interpretation of God’s Oneness (al-Tawhid). It originated in the subcontinent of India in the early seventeenth century. The doctrine was later introduced in Aceh and gained popularity among the Malay sufi authors and practitioners until the present day. Amid its wide acceptance, the teaching has long been considered by many scholars to be incompatible with the Islamic principle teachings of God’s Unity. The purpose of this article is to give an insight into the background of the writing of the Tuhfah al-Mursalah Ila Ruh al-Nabiyy and to establish its credibility as an authentic Islamic work by a recognized Muslim sufi scholar. To achieve its objectives, data of this writing was gathered through the usage of document analysis and then described using deducted and inducted analysis. This article found that the Tuhfah al-Mursalah was originally written to combatting misinterpretation of the teaching of wahdat al-wujud in the subcontinent India. It was later exported to the Aceh in the early sixteenth century. The work was written by a knowledgeable and important Indian Muslim sufi scholar. His credentials as a Muslim scholar were testified with few commentaries on the Tuhfah al-Mursalah by famous and well-known Muslim scholars in the Muslim world. Therefore, this work occupies an important place in providing a true comprehension of the doctrine of seven grades of Being.

Women Leadership from the Perspective of Hamka

The paper investigates Hamka’s viewpoints concerning issues of womens’ leadership and its legitimacy in political and social sphere. The research problem is to address Hamka’s legal opinion on the legitimacy of women leadership. In this regard it critically evaluates his religious and juristic views concerning the issues and comparing this with diverse opinions of Muslim scholars from various schools of thought that legitimize or denied womans’ right in assuming any leadership role. The study is based on descriptive, analytical and comparative method. It analyzed the arguments and standpoints of Hamka regarding the issue and comparing these with certain arguments brought forth in the modern and classical texts of Islam that either justified or refuted such claim. The study concluded that Hamka explicitly endeavors to reformulate and reconstruct the legal fatwa and ideas on womans’ leadership, based on Islamic principle and standpoint as represented in the revealed law and concrete rulings of shariah and its ethical precept and construct that outlines and suggests the ideal position that typically suit womens’ intrinsic nature for assuming the task of leadership.

Traditional Tausug Pagkawin In Sulu

In the history of human race, intimate relationship is normal. When civilization begun to flourish, norms and standards of societies also thrived and preserved. copulation is lawfully decreed to be bound by marriage. Marital norm is either prescriptive or proscriptive which depends upon the societal standard. The Tausugs claims to be a Muslim tribe, their marriage custom is traditional however, but anchored on the Islamic principle where they are obliged to carefully observe the so-called ritual Nikah or Pagkawin. Due to geographical dimensions of Sulu Archipelago, Pagkawin among the Tausugs is of the same concept but slightly different in practice. This paper will discuss the Traditional Pagkawin and their variations in five different municipalities of Sulu.

Hadith of Women Leadership in the Qira'ah Mubadalah Approach

Hadith become the source of both law in Islam, where textual and contextual application is used. Some hadith needed editors of the qur’an texts to get an understanding of the hadiths being studied. In this study, we adopted one hadiths which is still a public debate. The focus of this research is that of women’s leadership gifts to be studied by Mubadalah methods the one that was championed by Faqihuddin Abdul Qadir. Footsteps his research was to throne the hadith and to explain the terms and then apply traditional thought Mubadalah as a step to gaining an understanding of the hadith which did not affect women’s subornation anymore. Further explaining the roles that women have performed in public space the study concludes that basic Islamic principle used in the hadith is surah An-Nisa verse 59 and the surah at-taubah verse 71. In both the verse explained the reprisals for those who had faith and obedience to their leaders. Then the main idea when discovered applies the mubadalah method is either the lack of luck or luck a victory for nation. And the final step is to enter the subject which is there is no mention (men). Men could’ve done damage if he’d been a leader. The understanding given by the mubadalah method is how to make a hadith impression at all parties, not only one participant and costs other by using the passage of the qur’an as understanding.

MUSLIM YOUTH AND PHILANTROPHIC ACTIVISM

Since the last two decades, charity movements have been flourishing in Indonesian Islamic landscape. These organisations are involving not only state sponsored organizations, but also non-government associations and professional industries. This article exclusively discusses the youth-based charity movements in two important Islamic universities in Indonesia and tries to offer a new glance of youth charity movement as to which their movement relates to the issue of identity and social welfare. The article uses a qualitative method through a systematic literature review, in-depth interview, and observation to the activities of two youth-based charity movements at two state Islamic universities in Jambi and Surabaya. This paper further argues that the spirit of philanthropic movement does not only depend on economic wealth, but also on social solidarity, Islamic principle of economic distribution, and networks among the students that have been successfully translated into both social welfare activism and humanitarian activities.

Investment Diversificationand Islamic Risk Management in the Malaysian Stock Market

Risk investment was a matter that should be well managedby each investor since each unit of stock has their own risk. This study will explained in detail related risks of investing in portfolio either Shariah stock or conventional stock. Besidesthat, further discussion on the risk of investment from the perspective of Islamic economics will be include together since any shariah stock have to obey with Islamic principle before it can be considered as a Shariahcompliant stock. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) will be used to measure the level of risk starting from the year 2007 when subprimecrisisjust done until year of 2010. Results of the study show that the volatility of stock market in Malaysia can be considered as a high volatility and its means as a high risk. The findings of study also found that Islamic economic has recognizes the existence of investmentrisk. One of methods that are used in the management of risk was diversification. This methodwillreduces risk by allocating investments among various financial instruments, industries, and other categories. In conclusion, the process of diversificationthatwas done by most of the investors are keeping to the concept of risk management in the Islam.

The Effect of Stimulus Policies and Risk-Based Capital Levels on Solvency at PT. Indonesian Takaful using Sharia Principles during the Majeur Force Period (Covid-19 Pandemic) in Indonesia

The Covid -19 pandemic is a massive disaster, impacting various sectors of the economy including the Islamic principle insurance sector. The government through the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in dealing with these problems has issued a stimulus policy so that the Islamic principle insurance sector is still able to maintain the level of solvency and risk based capital is maintained. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the Stimulus Policy and the level of Risk Based Capital on the level of solvency of sharia-based insurance companies during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The method used is descriptive method with a simple statistical approach. The results show: 1. There is a positive influence of the Stimulus Policy on the Solvency Level of the Islamic principle insurance company sector, 2. There is a positive influence on the Level of Risk Based Capital on the Solvency Level of the Islamic Principle Insurance Company sector, 3. There is an influence of the Stimulus Policy and Level of Risk Based Capital on Simultaneous level of solvency in Islamic principle insurance companies. From the research results, it can be concluded that the Stimulus Policy and Risk Based Capital Level that has been set by the regulator is right on target.

Understanding the Islamic principles of milk kinship to enable equitable access for vulnerable infants to donor human milk: Protocol for a qualitative study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Since 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have recommended the use of pasteurized human milk from a human milk bank (HMB) to feed low birthweight and preterm infants as the first alternative when mothers are unable to provide their own milk. Globally, there are about 700 HMBs, and the number is increasing. Concerns relating to milk kinship, insufficient guidance, and inconsistent application of available guidance around HMB might alter the scale up of HMB network in Islamic countries and among children born by Islamic parents in other countries. OBJECTIVE This research protocol describes a study that aims to examine Islamic religious concerns relating to milk kinship and HMB in three Southeast Asian countries with a majority or significant Muslim population. Specific objectives are: 1) to examine perceptions of key stakeholders relating to the Islamic principle of milk kinship and their proposed solutions to address potential barriers thereby enabling equitable access of vulnerable babies' to safe donor human milk and 2) to examine current technical guidelines and religious decrees from the perspective of the Islamic principle of milk kinship and HMB services. METHODS This proposed study will include desk reviews and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Desk reviews will examine and compare the contents of fatwa, regional or national technical guidelines and standards. Qualitative data collection and analysis will be conducted to examine relevant stakeholders' perceptions about the Islamic principle of milk kinship, and proposed solutions to address barriers to equitable access for vulnerable infants to safe donor human milk. A total of 12-18 key stakeholders, including representatives of Muslim Councils, experts on Islamic studies, decision makers from Government Offices, or members of HMB Networks, across Southeast Asia with focus on Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. RESULTS This study, funded in June 2020, was approved by the Institutional Review Board (FHI 360) on September 14, 2020. Date(s) of data collection will be September 23 to January 15, 2020. As of December 12, 2020, nine IDIs have been completed. Results are expected to be published in June 2021. We will present a comparison of Fatwa across countries and compared with other major Muslim countries in the world. Findings from in-dept interviews will highlight relevant stakeholders' perceptions grouped by relevant theme such as the principle of milk-kinship and barriers, solutions and recommendations, actors and process, and timelines of establishing HMB services. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will help to increase the understanding of the evidence-informed process leading to the issuance of a fatwa and development of national technical and operational guidelines. CLINICALTRIAL NA

Islamic Moral Comedy? The Representation of Islam in Malaysian Comedy Films Syurga Cinta (Paradise of Love, 2009) and Ustaz, Mu Tunggu Aku Datang! (Ustaz, I’m Coming! 2013)

This article examines how Islam is being represented in Malaysian comedy films: Syurga Cinta/Paradise of Love (Ahmad Idham, 2009) and Ustaz, Mu Tunggu Aku Datang!/Ustaz, I’m Coming! (Pierre Andre, 2013). As one of a popular genre in film, comedy and its comical narratives has the ability to critique social, cultural and political conditions within the specific context of Malaysia. Using film narrative analysis, this study identifies that both films revolve around a similar plot of a male quest for haram (forbidden) obsessions, such as fortune or women, and a return to morality (i.e. humility and true love). As these comedies attempt to illuminate the intersection between religion and comical narrative, the way they feature the main characters are not simply as sinful or immoral. Rather, they are portrayed as misguided, but equally amusing in dealing with misfortune and wrongfulness. This article found that the central element of both films lies in its incongruity between the traditional Islamic principle and trajectories which against morality. Besides the call for morality, this article also argues that Malaysian comedy is also shaped in response to the Islamisation of the public sphere, thus, underlines the ‘re-imagine social life’ within the Malay (sian)-Muslim context.