Degradation due to mining: The Piparwar Case Study and problems of estimating costs of degradation

Social Change ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
Prodipto Roy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Oil Drilling ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bauxite Mines

Mining has two broad side-effects which may be considered degrading to the environment. The first is the environmental effects of the change on the land-use from forest or cropland to degraded wasteland due to the improper dumping of overburden; and the second, which is partially linked to the first, is the displacement of whole villages comprised of families who have husbanded their crops and animals, and lived symbiotically with the forest for centuries if not millenia. This paper is concerned mainly with the first and only partially with the second as this is the subject of a separate paper. This paper outlines methods of estimation of the quantum of degradation caused by mining taking a long-term perspective of the last 50 (to 100) years and the next 50 years. The types of mines listed include a very wide variety including coal mines, bauxite mines, iron-ore mines, manganese, zinc, chromite, asbestos, granite, sandstone, copper, silver, gold and one uranium mine. Oil drilling maybe considered another form of mining or extracting fossil fuels. All these forms of extracting metals, non-metals, rocks, carbons, and hydro-carbons are included under the broad purview of'mining’. Secondary data will need to be obtained from various governmental departments on the numbers of mines which have been opened both before Independence and after in order to establish parameters. In addition data on families displaced, land acquired, land-use before and after will also be obtained. After making meaningful categories primary data on a parsimonious sample of each category and each type of mining (extraction) will be carried out to use as estimators of the parameters. The case study of the Piparar coal mine illustrates the difficulties and the inaccuracies that may be encountered when using average estimators. Notwithstanding these difficulties, on account of the fact that mining has been the cause for a great deal of the environmental degradation in India, it is important that fresh estimates should be made.

scholarly journals People's perception on urban traffic congestion; a case study on Chittagong Metropolitan City, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Shahek MMA Al-Qadery ◽  
Md Muhibbullah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Metropolitan City

An attempt has been taken to identify the major causes of traffic congestion along with existing system deficiencies, their consequences, and finally a policy options are recommended on Chittagong Metropolitan City. For the study primary data were collected through questionnaire survey and secondary data were used from various sources. The collected data were analyzed by using statistical techniques. It was found that rapid growth of population, inefficient land use pattern, indiscriminate roadside uses, past urban development trends and inadequate land use planning are responsible for traffic congestion in the city area. Lack of coordination and integration of concerned institutions is one of the major system deficiencies of traffic congestion situation in the study area. Opinion survey revealed that the overall quality of transportation system of Chittagong city is unsatisfactory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13415 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):149-160, 2008

scholarly journals Land Use Planning In Hydropower Development A Case Study Of Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Hydroelectric Project ◽  
Access Road

Many developing countries do not focus on land use planning in hydropower development. As a result hydropower projects are not sustainable. The aim of the study is to analyze the cause and effects of land use planning in hydropower development. The primary and secondary data were collected in a case study site at the Upper Tamakoshi Hydroelectric Project (UTHEP) in Dolakha district of Nepal. Household questionnaire, key informants? interviews and field observation were conducted to collect primary data while the relevant documents such as detailed feasibility report, property valuation report and spatial data (cadastral data, image etc.) were also collected for the study. The primary and secondary data reveals that Land use changes involved in the UTHEP implementation is basically due to the permanent and temporary land acquisition for project structures, facilities and reservoir area. The total land acquired for various project components like access road, powerhouse, desanding basin, reservoir as well as construction borrow pits and quarries, temporary and permanent work camps and construction of access road is estimated to be 182 ha. The secondary data reveals that 66 ha are allocated in agricultural land, 78 ha in forest land and 38 ha in the barren and cliff land. The results from secondary data and interviews confirm that UTHEP has planned to distribute 10% share to the residents of Dolakha district to promote local level investment. Finally, the study finds that land use planning has very important role for minimizing negative social and environmental effects thus create sustainability of the hydropower projects. It is also found that overall environmental impacts are limited because of technological development such as tunnel and underground powerhouse in UTHEP. The land tenure, Land use planning stakeholders and their role, Governance, policy, social structure etc. are the basic requirements of land use planning for sustainable development of hydropower projects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kuset.v8i1.6053 KUSET 2012; 8(1): 134-141

scholarly journals DAMPAK PENGAKUAN PENDAPATAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DITERAPKAN PSAK 72 DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN PT. X

account ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Rolanda Rizal ◽  
Titi Suhartati ◽  
Yenny Nuraeni
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Revenue Recognition ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

DAMPAK PENGAKUAN PENDAPATAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DITERAPKAN PSAK 72 DALAM LAPORAN KEUANGAN PT. X Hana Rolanda Rizal [email protected] Titi Suhartati [email protected] [email protected] Studi Akuntansi Keuangan Politeknik Negeri Jakarta  ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the impact of revenue recognition after applying PSAK 72 in thefinancial statements of PT. X for the periods 2018 and 2019. This research uses qualitative methods with case study approach, which is analyzing the recognition and recording of revenue from contractswith customers at PT. X and compare it with PSAK 72 then compare PT. X financial statements before and after the application of PSAK 72. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. The results show that PT.X's revenue recognition was overstated because revenue was recognized not in the right period so that it would result in the company's income statement. To overcome this problem, PT. X should recognize the revenue when the service is provided and present its revenue in accordance with the agreed period with the customer as described in PSAK 72. Keywords: Services, PSAK 72, Revenue ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak pengakuan pendapatan sesudah diterapkan PSAK 72 dalam laporan keuangan PT. X periode 2018 dan 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, yaitu dengan menganalisis pengakuan dan pencatatan pendapatan dari kontrak dengan pelanggan pada PT. X dan membandingkannyadengan PSAK 72 kemudian membandingkan laporan keuangan PT.X sebelum dan sesudah diterapkan PSAK 72. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengakuan pendapatan  PT.X dicatat terlalu tinggi dikarenakan pendapatan diakui tidak pada periode yang tepat sehingga akan berakibat pada laporan laba rugi perusahaan. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, PT.X sebaiknya mengakui pendapatan pada saat jasa diberikan dan menyajikan pendapatannya sesuai dengan periode yang telah disepakati dengan pelanggan seperti yang dijelaskan pada PSAK 72. Kata kunci: Jasa, PSAK 72, Pendapatan.

Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Al-Qur’an

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-295
Author(s):  
Sri Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Data Source

This paper discusses the content of Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). The data used in the preparation of this paper is the data that is primary and secondary. The primary source is data obtained from the core source. In conducting a study of a verse, it is clear that the primary data source is derived from the Qur'an,precisely on Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). Secondary data is dataobtained from other sources that are still related to the problemand provide interpretation of the primary source. The method usedin analyzing this paper is the tahlili method. This method describesthe meaning contained by the Qur'an, verse by verse, and letterafter letter according to the order in the Mushaf. The descriptionincludes the various aspects which the interpreted verses contain,such as the meaning of the vocabulary, the connotation of thesentence, the background of the verse down, its relation to otherverses, both before and after. And do not miss the opinion that hasbeen given regarding the interpretation of these verses, whetherdelivered by the Prophet, companions, the tabi'in, as well as othercommentators. This study shows that in Q.S. (2): 67-73) there arevalues of moral education which include: 1) morals in asking, (2)morals to parents, (3) patience of educators, (4) educator honesty,and (5) obedience of learners.

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT EFFICIENCY AND COMPETTIIVENESS OF LOCALLY MANUFACTURED GOODS BY AUTOSTERILE EAST AFRICA, KENYA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Margaret Kamau ◽  
Isabella Sile
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Manufactured Goods

Absrtact This study investigated the influence of business environment efficiency on competitiveness of locally manufactured goods by Autosterile East Africa, Kenya. This study used case study design. This study sampled 69 respondents, including 8 top level employees, 22 middle level employees and 39 lower level employees in Autosterile East Africa. Census sampling was used to select the respondents. Secondary data was obtained from the Autosterile East Africa publications that touches on determinants of competitiveness. Questionnaires used in the survey formed the primary data and was analyzed by use of Statistical Packages for Social Science version 23. Linear regression analysis was done to test the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study findings led to the conclusion that business environment efficiency have a positive relationship with competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. The findings revealed that business environment efficiency is significant determinant of competitiveness of locally manufactured goods. It was found out that the demand for goods and services and political stability influences competition of goods and services. The regulations dictate the competition among companies and supply of goods and services controls a firm's competitive advantage. Keywords: Business environment efficiency, competitiveness, Locally manufactured goods, Autosterile East Africa.

Factors Affecting on Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students (Case Study on Wollo University)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdu Kamil
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
College Of Business

Abstract Background: Entrepreneurship is essential in creating, fulfilling and forming a healthy economy. This study is conducted to investigate Factor Affecting on Entrepreneurial Intention: The case study on Wollo University Students. Some studies have been done in this area but only a few were conducted in Ethiopia. This research aims to address the gap that exists due to the weakness of previous studies to verify the factors that affect entrepreneurial intention and provide more clarification on the topic. Methods: For the purpose of this study explanatory research design was employed. The researcher used stratified random sampling to classify all participants into seven colleges and one school of law. From each stratum proportionally by using purposive sampling to select 226 respondents with graduate students from college of business and economics for the desire of the study. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaire from 210 students. Secondary data were collected from previous studies and used as reference. Results: The correlation and regression analysis has been applied to see the relationship and how independent variables influence entrepreneurial intention. From the analyses it is confirmed that demographic factors have statistically insignificant effect on entrepreneurial intention, while personal factors, environmental factors and family background have a statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Conclusions: Based on the findings it is concluded that demographic factor does not affect entrepreneurial intention while personal factors, environmental factors and family background affect entrepreneurial intention.

scholarly journals Ketahanmalangan Pengelola PKBM Dalam Mengembangkan Inovasi Pendidikan Nonformal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Devi Merina Tuz Sa’diyah ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Nilna Sa’adayah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Matrix Methods ◽  
Main Partner

<p>The focus of this research is to describe the strategy of adversity quotient for the management of the Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM) to develop innovations in turning barriers into opportunities for non-formal education programs. Qualitative research with this type of case study was carried out at PKBM Mentari, using structured interviews as the primary data collection method, in order to obtain primary data and document matrix methods to obtain secondary data. the data were analyzed using interactive techniques belonging to Miles and Huberman with the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of this study are the adversity quotient strategy that generally implemented by PKBM is very good, this can be seen from the indicators including: 1) Organizing learning activities flexibly in terms of time, so that it does not interfere with the daily activities of the community; 2) Provide learning at affordable costs so as not to burden the community in participating in learning; 3) Making the community the main partner in the continuation of teaching and learning activities at PKBM and 4) Building synergies with local village officials. The relatively short research time is the main limitation in compiling this study, so that it only maximizes the statements of the main informants. </p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Kajian Potensi Produksi Hijauan Pakan pada Lahan Eksisting dan Potensial untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Ternak Ruminansia di Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Delima ◽  
Abubakar Karim ◽  
M. Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Survey And Evaluation ◽  
Potential Land

(The study of prospective forage production on existing and potential land use to support increasing livestock population in Aceh Besar) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this research was to find out the width and scattered location of existing land use which its land capability class suitable for pastures; forage production prospective, and land carrying capacity. The combination of survey and evaluation method was used in this study. The primary data were obtained by field observation and compiling documents, while the secondary data were obtained from various sources, including Bappeda Aceh, and Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. Land capability classification was defined based on a modified USDA method and land capability class mapping was prepared based on overlay method by geoprocessing of Geographic Information Systems. The attributes delineating land capability classification included slope, erosion potential and soil depth. Spatial and attributes data were processed using ArcGIS 9.3. Interpretation of land use map derived from satellite imagery analysis results. Brachiaria humidicola green production (tons/year) was determined by assumption-based on obtaining data from various sources. Present livestock population and increasing of population target up to 2017 were obtained from Dinas Peternakan Aceh Besar. The results showed that the existing land use area was 28,632.23 ha (59.03 %), whereas the potential land use area was 19,875.73 ha (40.97%). Land use area for pastures in the district of Aceh Besar, both existing and potential, were sufficient to support the achievement of livestock population increasing program.

scholarly journals Manajemen Public Relations dan Reputasi Organisasi Lembaga Amil Zakat Dompet Dhuafa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dimyati
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Programming Process ◽  
Main Message

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) metode identifikasi masalah Public Relations pada LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; (2) proses perencanaan dan pemrograman LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; (3) strategi aksi dan komunikasi LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; dan (4) proses evaluasi program LAZ Dompet Dhuafa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus eksploratif jenis single case holistic. Data primer dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, sementara data sekunder bersumber dari studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LAZ Dompet Dhuafa tidak melakukan riset khusus terkait perencanaan program; riset yang dilakukan hanya melalui fakta-fakta baru di lapangan melalui program-program yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Perencanaan program tematik dan nontematik LAZ Dompet Dhuafa dilakukan melalui rapat kerja tahunan, sementara pesan utama yang ingin disampaikan kepada pihak eksternal disampaikan melalui website resmi dan media sosial. Adapun evalusi program yang dilakukan tidak melibatkan publik eksternal. Kata Kunci: Manajemen Public Relations, zakat, Dompet Dhuafa ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine (1) the method of identifying problems of Public Relations at LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; (2) the planning and programming process of LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; (3) the strategy of action and communication of LAZ Dompet Dhuafa; and (4) the evaluation process of the LAZ Dompet Dhuafa program. This study uses a qualitative method with an explorative case study approach and single case holistic. The primary data in this study were obtained through in-depth interviews, while the secondary data were obtained from literature and documentation. The results of the study show that LAZ Dompet Dhuafa does not conduct specific research related to program planning; the research only carried out through new facts in the field through the pre-existing programs. The planning of thematic and non-thematic program is carried out through annual work meetings, while the main message to be conveyed to public (external) is delivered through the official website and social media. Meanwhile, the evaluation of the program did not involve the external public. Keywords: Public Relations management, zakat, Dompet Dhuafa

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEUNTUNGAN DAN TITIK IMPAS USAHA TERNAK BROILER DENGAN POLA KEMITRAAN (Studi Kasus di Desa Tetey Kecamatan Dimembe)

ZOOTEC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwit Hasan ◽  
A H.S Salendu ◽  
N M Santa ◽  
F N.S Oroh
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
District Office ◽  
Business Partnership ◽  
Partnership Model ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Broiler Farm ◽  
Breakeven Point

ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF PROFIT AND BREAK-EVEN ON BROILER FARM WITH BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP PATTERN (Case Study at Tetey village, Dimembe District of North Minahasa Regency). The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the pattern of partnerships business broiler farm at Tetey village with   DMC company, 2) to analyze the profit of  broiler farms run through a partnership pattern, 3) to analyze the breakeven point on a broiler farm run through a partnership pattern. Case study method was used on broiler chicken farm with the partnership model. The primary data obtained through observation and direct interviews with business owners of broiler chicken farms by using a questionaire. Secondary data were obtained from agencies associated with this research such as the Office of Agriculture, District Office. The results of study revealed that 1) Partnership pattern run by broiler breeders at Tetey village provided the doc, as many as 10,000 heads / period, including feed, vitamins and medicines, while farmers supplied cage and supplies, water, electricity, as well as labor and land. In addition, Broiler prices were IDR 18,000 / kg as fix price, 2) total profit of broiler farm at Tetey village through a partnership pattern were IDR 53,159,675 / period or IDR 22,149,685 / month, and 3) the number of breakeven point on broiler farm at Tetey village run with a partnership pattern were 18,691 head, or on the sale of IDR 958,644, 442.Keywords: breakeven point, partnership pattern, broiler farm.

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