Indigenous Intellectuals in Contemporary Ecuador: Encounters with “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America”

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Soledad Fernández

The indigenous intellectuals who were part of the foundation of the Ecuadorean indigenous movement of the 1980s contributed to the theoretical and political grounding of the concept of the plurinational state that is now recognized in the country’s new constitution. This concept constitutes a critique of the idea of nationhood that developed in Latin America throughout the twentieth century. A comparative reading of these intellectuals’ work on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Rodolfo Stavenhagen’s “Seven Erroneous Theses about Latin America” reveals two themes: colonial continuity and historical continuity. Both can be seen as a “settling of scores” with colonialism understood both as a historical period and as an analytical term for understanding the social reality of Latin America. Los intelectuales indígenas que formaron parte de la fundación del movimiento indígena ecuatoriano hacia la década de 1980 contribuyeron a la fundamentación teórica y política de la noción de Estado plurinacional, hoy reconocida por la nueva constitución del Ecuador. Sus principales antecedentes se encuentran en la elaboración de una crítica a la idea de nación tributaria de la corriente de pensamiento que se forjó en Nuestramérica a lo largo del siglo XX. Una lectura comparada de las obras escritas por estos intelectuales indígenas ecuatorianos en el marco de la conmemoración de los cincuenta años de la publicación de las “Siete tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina,” de Rodolfo Stavenhagen, revela dos elementos que aparecen reiteradamente a lo largo de su producción escritural: la idea de “continuidad colonial” y la idea de “continuidad histórica.” Ambas nociones remiten a un tema específico que se relaciona con cierto “ajuste de cuentas” con el colonialismo en tanto hecho histórico y en tanto categoría para el análisis de la realidad social en América Latina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Jiménez-Bandala

An analysis of underdevelopment and poverty in the Papaloapan Basin of southern Mexico shows that, despite the use of different development models in the neoliberal pattern of accumulation, structural conditions still promote a form of internal colonialism that enables the growth of one region at the expense of another. Recent public policies meant to support development in the region seem to be based on the dominant twentieth-century perspectives that Stavenhagen called “erroneous theses about Latin America.” Un análisis del subdesarrollo y la pobreza en la cuenca del Papaloapan, en el sur de México, muestra que, a pesar del uso de distintos modelos de desarrollo dentro del patrón de acumulación neoliberal, las condiciones estructurales todavía promueven una forma de colonialismo interno que permite el crecimiento de una región a expensas de otra. Las políticas públicas receintes para apoyar el desarrollo en la región parecen estar basadas en esas perspectivas dominantes del siglo XX que Stavenhagen describió como “tesis equivocadas sobre América Latina.”


2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Larrabure ◽  
Carlos Torchia

The Chilean student movement that began in early 2011 poses a significant challenge to Chilean neoliberalism and is beginning to reconfigure left politics within the country. Specifically, the movement’s demands for free education and public control of strategic domestic industries strikes at the heart of neoliberalism in Chile. In addition, in emphasizing the importance of participatory democracy and mass participation, the movement goes beyond the boundaries of the established left and is now struggling to create a new left capable of furthering its political goals. This emerging left roughly fits within the politics of autonomism. In doing so, it displays a break from the experiences of twentieth-century left politics and is consistent with other recent movements in Latin America. However, the student movement in Chile risks co-optation by the established political class. In addition, the autonomous left remains small and lacks a coherent alternative to neoliberalism with broad appeal. Therefore, the victory of Michelle Bachelet and the Nueva Mayoría in the 2013 elections is unlikely to result in substantial changes to neoliberalism in Chile. El movimiento estudiantil chileno, que comenzó a principios de 2011, representa un desafío importante para el neoliberalismo chileno y está empezando a reconfigurar la política de izquierda en el país. En concreto, las demandas del movimiento para la educación gratuita y el control público de las industrias nacionales estratégicas toca el corazón del neoliberalismo en Chile. Además, en destacar la importancia de la democracia participativa y la participación de las masas, el movimiento va más allá de los límites de la izquierda establecida y ahora está luchando para crear una nueva izquierda capaz de promover sus objetivos políticos. Esta izquierda emergente se encaja más o menos dentro de la política del autonomismo. Al hacerlo, muestra un quiebre con las experiencias de la política de izquierda del siglo XX, y es consistente con otros movimientos recientes en América Latina. Sin embargo, el movimiento estudiantil en Chile corre el riesgo de cooptación por la clase política establecida. Además, la izquierda autónoma sigue siendo pequeña y carece de una alternativa coherente al neoliberalismo que tenga amplia atracción. Por lo tanto, es poco probable que la victoria de Michelle Bachelet y la Nueva Mayoría en las elecciones de 2013 resulte en cambios sustanciales al neoliberalismo en Chile.


2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Josefa Batista Lopes

O artigo faz indicações de análise histórica sobre desafios do Serviço Social no Brasil e na Colômbia, em relação à perspectiva da emancipação na América Latina, considerando o período histórico aberto com a contrarrevolução burguesa sob o neoliberalismo. Resultado de pesquisas sobre a temática das lutas sociais e o Serviço Social sustentasena análise marxista sobre emancipação como categoria e perspectiva histórica da humanidade, desenvolvendo a hipótese de que: há retrocesso em relação ao movimento de construção da alternativa emancipatória nesse continente, mas também há resistências rearticulando forças e mantendo viva a perspectiva; a vinculação do Serviço Social aessa alternativa, como profissão integrante das estratégias de enfrentamento à questão social, segue as tendências da correlação de forças no movimento social. Conclui, daí, que essa vinculação impõe desafios em todas as dimensões da prática profissional participando, nas particularidades dos dois países, da resistência e sustentação da luta emancipatória em curso na rearticulação de forças dos sujeitos em luta.Palavras-chave: Emancipação; América Latina, luta de classes, contra revolução burguesa, questão social, Serviço Social.PERSPECTIVE OF EMANCIPATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND CHALLENGES FOR THE SOCIAL WORK IN BRAZIL AND IN COLOMBIAAbstract: The article points out the historical analysis about challenges of Social Work in Brazil and Colombia concerning the perspective of the emancipation in Latin America, considering the historical period opened with the counter bourgeois revolution under the neoliberalism. Results of researches on the topic of social struggles and Social Work supports itselfon the Marxist analysis of emancipation as a category and historical perspective of humanity, developing the hypothesis that: there is setback in relation to the movement of construction of emancipatory alternative in this continent, but there are also resistance forces regrouping and keeping the expectation alive; the binding of Social Work to this alternative, as aprofession that takes part of strategies to deal with social issues, follows the trends of the correlation of forces in the social movement. It concludes that this binding poses challenges in all dimensions of professional practice by participating in the peculiarities of the two countries, of the resistance and support of emancipatory struggle undergoing in the re-articulation of forces of the fighting subjects.Keywords: Emancipation, Latin America, class struggle, counter bourgeois revolution, social issue, Social Work


Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (32) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ma. Angélica Garza Arroyo ◽  
María Aurelia Bocanegra Noriega

RESUMENEl desarrollo sostenible es manejado como uno de los puntos importantes en las agendas del siglo XXI, es un concepto que las empresas deben contemplar en las actividades que realizan para cumplir con la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. El presente trabajo pretende abordar los aspectos teóricos sobre las Memorias de Sostenibilidad así como mostrar que pueden ser consideradas como un instrumento de información de la Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas. Se hace un estudio en la base de datos de la Corporate Register del 2006 al 2011 respecto de la presentación de las Memorias de Sostenibilidad en América Latina; el reporte es de corte cualitativo de carácter descriptivo, con un análisis deductivo. Se puede percibir en el estudio que es de carácter exploratorio que las empresas de América Latina han incrementado de manera significativa la presentación de Memorias de Sostenibilidad así como un incremento en el número de empresas que las realizan, además de contemplar a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como parte de su misión y visión.Palabras clave: memorias de sostenibilidad, Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, América Latina. Memories of Sustainability in Latin America: instrument of information of the Social Responsibility of the CompaniesABSTRACTThe sustainable development is managed to be one of the important aspects in the planners of 21th century, it is a concept that companies have to contemplate in the activities they realize to achieve corporate social responsibility. this work pretends to raise the teoric aspects about sustainability report, and to show that they can be considered as an information instrument of social responsibility of the companies. a study has to be done in the data base of corporate register from 2006 to 2011 about the presentation of the sustainability report in Latin America; the report is qualitative and descriptive kind, with deductive analysis. in the study it can be perceived that is explorative that companies in Latin America have increased in a significative way the presentation of sustainability report, just as an increase in the number of companies that realize them, besides contemplating corporate social responsibility as part of their mission and vision.Keywords: sustainability report, Corporate Social Responsibility, Latin America.


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Martha Melizza Ordóñez-Díaz ◽  
Luisa María Montes-Arias ◽  
Giovanna Del Pilar Garzón-Cortes

Considering environmental education as a social tool allowing individuals to achieve a significant knowledge of the inhabited environment, to reduce the probability of occurrence of a disaster, and to respond to the presence of natural phenomena to which people are vulnerable, this article aims to generate a space for reflection on the importance of environmental education in the management of the social and natural risk in five countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. For this purpose, the paper presents a descriptive review of primary and secondary bibliographical sources referring to the performance of the management of social and natural risks related to environmental education in Colombia, Nicaragua, Mexico, Chile, and Jamaica between 1994 and 2015. In this period, a solid administrative and legislative organization of this management and environmental education is evident, but these two themes are clearly separated when implementing citizen projects: a situation that has generated shortcomings in the management of natural disasters, specifically under the principles of precaution and prevention. For this reason, this article offers a series of recommendations that include the dissemination of information, the creation of centers for the management of risk reduction, the strengthening of communication strategies, and the establishment of response plans and post-disaster recovery. 


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Magdalena Śniadecka-Kotarska

The article was originally published without an abstract, short summary by Michal Gilewski The article studies what is causing women to join guerillas in Latin America. The participation of women in such militant groups started with the leftist guerillas of the second half of the 20th century. The article describes different backgrounds and different reasons for the women to join armed struggle groups. It also describes how women functioned in the social, ideological and biological dimensions of guerillas. Śniadecka-Kotarska suggests that, although the guerilla movement failed to achieve its goals of socio-political transformation of Latin American societies, it made an important contribution to the emancipation of women in these societies.  


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Díaz Martínez

El ALBA es un espacio de integración regional, alternativo al alca propuesto por EEUU, que inaugura una etapa denominada regionalismo posneoliberal. El ALBA desde sus orígenes ha contado con el acompañamiento de movimientos sociales de carácter antiimperialista y antineoliberal. La propia organización generó una instancia social: el Consejo de Movimientos Sociales; sin embargo, los movimientos sociales han generado de forma paralela y autónoma la Articulación de Movimientos Sociales hacia el ALBA. Este trabajo da cuenta de las características de este espacio de articulación social, a partir de propuestas teóricas pensadas en América Latina, y presenta un balance de las potencialidades y los desafíos de los movimientos sociales en el escenario latinoamericano y su influencia en la integración regional.   SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION: THE ARTICULATION OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS TOWARD ALBAABSTRACTALBA (the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our Americas) is a regional integration entity created as an alternative to the US-proposed FTAA (Free Trade Area of the Americas, ALCA in Spanish). ALBA inaugurates a period that has been referred to as post-neoliberal regionalism. Since its origin, ALBA has been accompanied by social movements with an anti-imperialistic and anti-neoliberal stance. ALBA, itself, generated a social entity: the Social Movements Council. However, in a parallel and autonomous way, the social movements created the Articulation of Social Movements toward ALBA. This article describes the characteristics of this entity for social articulation based on theoretical proposals developed in Latin America, and presents a balance of the potentialities and challenges of social movements in Latin America and their incidence in regional integration.


REVISTA PLURI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yvone Dias Avelino

Este artigo formula algumas reflexões sobre a associação da história com a literatura. Estabelecemos alguns nexos com trabalhos literários de autores latino-americanos do século XX. Nas páginas desses romances latino-americanos desfilam os expoentes de toda uma estrutura de dominação: políticos, velhos aristocratas, oportunistas recém-chegados, fazendeiros truculentos, funcionários públicos subservientes, advogados venais, representantes do capitalismo local, dominados e dominantes. Mostram-nos os vários escritores latino-americanos as ditaduras na sua insanidade grotesca, as repressões cruentas que fazem emergir os movimentos sociais populares. Estão presentes as turbulências do real e imaginário, utilitário e mágico, da dúvida e perplexidade, memória e esperança, do esquecimento e da desesperança, do espelho e labirinto.Palavras-chave: História, Literatura, Espelho, Labirinto, América Latina.AbstractThis article proposes some reflections about the association between history and literature. We have established some links with literary works written by Latin American authors of the twentieth century. In the pages of these Latin American novels the exponents of a whole structure of domination are paraded: politicians, old aristocrats, opportunist newcomers, truculent farmers, subservient civil servants, venal lawyers, representatives of local capitalism, dominated and dominant ones. The various Latin American writers show us dictatorships in their grotesque insanity, the bloody repressions that allow popular social movements to emerge. They outline the turbulences of the real and imaginary, utilitarian and magical, doubt and perplexity, memory and hope, forgetfulness and hopelessness, mirror and labyrinth.Keywords: History, Literature, Mirror, Labyrinth, Latin America.


2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Maria Ozanira da Silva e Silva ◽  
Mónica De Martino Bermúdez

O artigo, referenciado em levantamento bibliográfico e documental e em estudo exploratório sobre os Programas de Transferência de Renda Condicionada (PTRC), em implementação na América Latina e no Caribe, contextualiza e destaca a importância desses programas no campo da proteção social não contributiva. Apresenta proposta de um estudocomparado entre três programas, dos mais significativos no Continente. Indica elementos teórico-metodológicos para orientar e aprofundar o conhecimento da proteção social, considerando a prevalência dos PTRC no âmbito das políticas sociais na América Latina.Palavras-chave: Programas de Transferência de Renda Condicionada, estudo comparado, América Latina.CONDITIONED INCOME TRANSFER PROGRAMS (PTRC) IN LATIN AMERICA: featuring, questioning and constructing a proposal of comparative studyAbstract: The article is based on a bibliographic and documental research and on a survey about the Conditioned Income Transfer Programs (PTRC), in implementation in Latin America and Caribbean. It presents the context and highlights the importance of those programs in the field of the non contributive social protection. The article presents a researchproposal to develop a comparative study among three programs, the most important in the Continent. It also points out the theoretical and methodological aspects to guide and to deep the knowledge about social protection, considering the prevalence of the PTRC in the ambit of the social policies in Latin America.Keywords: Conditioned Income Transfer Programs, compared research, Latin America


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