Structure and properties of ultrasonically extruded SBR/BR blends and prepared compounds and vulcanizates with various fillers

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 603-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Liang ◽  
Avraam I Isayev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The ultrasonic treatment of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/butadiene rubber (BR) 50/50 blend in single screw extruder was carried out at amplitudes up to 10 μm. The untreated and treated SBR/BR blends were mixed with carbon black (CB), silica, and silica/silane to prepare 50/50/60 compounds. It was found that ultrasonic power consumption increased and die pressure reduced with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude, indicating a potential to increase extrusion output rate with the aid of ultrasound. Molecular weight of blends treated at 3.5 μm increased, and high molecular weight tail was observed at 5, 7.5, and 10 μm. Solvent extraction experiments showed the formation of gel in blends treated at 7.5 and 10 μm. No gel was observed in blends untreated and treated at 3.5 and 5 μm. SBR/BR/silica vulcanizates prepared from the blend treated at 5 μm showed the reduced loss tangent at −30°C, 0°C, and 60°C, predicting a lower snow, wet traction, and rolling resistance. Reduced loss tangent after ultrasonic treatment was a result of reduced filler flocculation. The tensile strength and elongation at break of all treated SBR/BR and SBR/BR/CB vulcanizates treated at 3.5 and 5 μm increased. Modulus 100% elongation (M100) of vulcanizates prepared from SBR/BR/silica treated at 5 μm was also increased.

scholarly journals Glycidyl Methacrylate-Emulsion Styrene Butadiene Rubber (GMA-ESBR)/Silica Wet Masterbatch Compound

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsung Mun ◽  
Kiwon Hwang ◽  
Eunho Yu ◽  
Woong Kim ◽  
Wonho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Tire Industry ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Resistance Performance

In the tire industry, solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR), which can introduce a functional group with good reactivity to silica at chain ends, is used to increase rolling resistance performance by considering fuel economy. However, this is not environmentally friendly because SSBR uses an organic solvent for polymerization, and it is difficult to increase its molecular weight. Functionalized emulsion SBR (ESBR) can solve the problems of SSBR. The molecular weight of ESBR molecules can be easily increased in an eco-friendly solvent, i.e., water. A functionalized ESBR introduces a functional group with good reactivity to silica by introducing a third monomer during polymerization. In this field, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) has been reported to show the best properties as a third monomer. However, for GMA-ESBR, the viscosity is high and processability is disadvantageous. Therefore, we polymerized GMA-ESBR and manufactured silica compounds to clarify the causes of these problems. In addition, wet masterbatch (WMB) technology, which is a new compound manufacturing method, was applied to manufacture the silica compound, and the physical properties are compared with those of a dry masterbatch. The results clarified the problem of GMA-ESBR, which could be solved by using WMB technology.

Thermomechanical Degradation of SBR During Ultrasonic Treatment under the Static Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Yashin ◽  
C. K. Hong ◽  
A. I. Isayev
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Rubber Layer ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract The paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the ultrasonic treatment of ground vulcanized unfilled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) in a static device (no flow). Degradation of the rubber network took place during the treatment. Crosslink density and gel fraction were measured in the samples ultrasonically treated at various pressures, ultrasonic amplitudes and exposure times. Consumption of the ultrasonic energy was also monitored. The structural characteristics of SBR ultrasonically treated under static conditions have been found to be significantly different from those reported previously for the continuous process. Theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the observed differences could be attributed to a partial depolymerization of broken rubber chains caused by a significant temperature rise in the course of ultrasonic treatment under static conditions. It has also been shown that the non-linearity of compressibility of a thin ground rubber layer has to be taken into account in the calculations of ultrasonic power consumption.

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Styrene Butadiene Rubber Employing Poly(isobornyl methacrylate) (PIBOMA) as High Tg Thermoplastic Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626
Author(s):  
Abdullah Gunaydin ◽  
Clément Mugemana ◽  
Patrick Grysan ◽  
Carlos Eloy Federico ◽  
Reiner Dieden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

A set of poly(isobornyl methacrylate)s (PIBOMA) having molar mass in the range of 26,000–283,000 g mol−1 was prepared either via RAFT process or using free radical polymerization. These linear polymers demonstrated high glass transition temperatures (Tg up to 201 °C) and thermal stability (Tonset up to 230 °C). They were further applied as reinforcing agents in the preparation of the vulcanized rubber compositions based on poly(styrene butadiene rubber) (SBR). The influence of the PIBOMA content and molar mass on the cure characteristics, rheological and mechanical properties of rubber compounds were studied in detail. Moving die rheometry revealed that all rubber compounds filled with PIBOMA demonstrated higher torque increase values ΔS in comparison with rubber compositions without filler, independent of PIBOMA content or molar mass, thus confirming its reinforcing effect. Reinforcement via PIBOMA addition was also observed for vulcanized rubbers in the viscoelastic region and the rubbery plateau, i.e. from −20 to 180 °C, by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Notably, while at temperatures above ~125 °C, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) rapidly loses its ability to provide reinforcement due to softening/melting, all PIBOMA resins maintained their ability to reinforce rubber matrix up to 180 °C. For rubber compositions containing 20 phr of PIBOMA, both tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing PIBOMA molecular weight. In summary, PIBOMA, with its outstanding high Tg among known poly(methacrylates), may be used in the preparation of advanced high-stiffness rubber compositions, where it provides reinforcement above 120 °C and gives properties appropriate for a range of applications.

scholarly journals Influence of Eco-Friendly Processing Aids on Silica-Based Rubber Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7244
Author(s):  
Sung Ho Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Dispersing Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Processing Aids

As eco-friendly “green tires” are being developed in the tire industry, conventionally used carbon black is being replaced with silica in rubber compounds. Generally, as a lubricant and dispersing agent, processing aids containing zinc ions have been employed as additives. However, as zinc is a heavy metal, alternative eco-friendly processing aids are required to satisfy worldwide environmental concerns. Furthermore, non-toxic, degradable, and renewable processing aids are required to improve the mechanical properties of the rubber composites. In this study, we evaluated the effects of diverse silica-based processing aids containing hydrocarbon, benzene, and hydroxyl functional groups on the mechanical properties of rubber composites. Among them, rubber composites that used amphiphilic terpene phenol resin (TPR) with hydrophilic silica showed compatibility with the hydrophobic rubber matrix and were revealed to improve the mechanical and fatigue properties. Furthermore, owing to the enhanced dispersion of silica in the rubber matrix, the TPR/styrene butadiene rubber composites exhibited enhanced wet grip and rolling resistance. These results indicated that TPR had multifunctional effects at low levels and has the potential for use as a processing aid in silica-based rubber composites in tire engineering applications.

EFFECT OF ELASTOMER NANOPARTICLES ON IMPROVING THE WET SKID RESISTANCE OF SBR/NR COMPOSITES

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingguo Wang ◽  
Jingrui Liu ◽  
Quande Cui ◽  
Xiao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT How to improve the wet skid resistance of rubber composites for tire tread while decreasing the rolling resistance is very important for both rubber researchers and industry. The irradiation-vulcanized elastomer particles, ultrafine fully-vulcanized powder nitrile butadiene rubber (UFPNBR), having the diameter of about 80 nm, were studied on modifying the dynamic mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber/natural rubber (SBR/NR) composites for tire tread. It is notable that the UFPNBR particles can improve the tanδ values of SBR/NR composites in a temperature range from −10 to 20 °C and decrease the tanδ values in the temperature range from 50 to 70 °C simultaneously, which indicates that the UFPNBR particles not only can improve the wet skid resistance but also can reduce the rolling resistance of the SBR/NR composites. On the other hand, the UFPNBR-modified SBR/NR composites also have good dynamic properties for safety operation of tires at high temperature and good tensile strength, tear strength, and fatigue properties in the range of 8 phr UFPNBR loadings.

scholarly journals Itaconate Based Elastomer as a Green Alternative to Styrene–Butadiene Rubber for Engineering Applications: Performance Comparison

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Liwei Li ◽  
Haijun Ji ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

In response to increasingly stringent requirements for the sustainability and environmental friendliness of the rubber industry, the application and development of bio-based elastomers have received extensive attention. In this work, we prepared a new type of bio-based elastomer poly(dibutyl itaconate-butadiene) copolymer (PDBIB) nanocomposite using carbon black and non-petroleum-based silica with a coupling agent. Using dynamic thermodynamic analysis (DMTA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), we studied the effects of feed ratio on dynamic mechanical properties, micro morphology, and filler dispersion of PDBIB composites. Among them, silica-reinforced PDBIB60 (weight ratio of dibutyl itaconate to butadiene 40/60) and carbon black-reinforced PDBIB70 (weight ratio of dibutyl itaconate to butadiene 30/70) both showed excellent performance, such as tensile strength higher than 18 MPa and an elongation break higher than 400%. Compared with the widely used ESBR, the results showed that PDBIB had better rolling resistance and heat generation than ESBR. In addition, considering the development of green tires, we compared it with the solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber with better comprehensive performance, and analyzed the advantages of PDBIB and the areas to be improved. In summary, PDBIB prepared from bio-based monomers had superior performance and is of great significance for achieving sustainable development, providing a direction for the development of high-performance green tire and holding great potential to replace petroleum-derived elastomers.

INFLUENCES OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF NR/SSBR AND PHASE-SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SILICA ON ITS STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Qing-Yuan Han ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Yu-Chun Li ◽  
You-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT The compatibility between solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR 2466) and natural rubber (NR) is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The single glass transition in the entire temperature range of all NR/SSBR blends and good correlation between Tg and SSBR fraction prove the excellent compatibility between SSBR 2466 and NR. With increasing SSBR content, a reduced Payne effect, more homogeneous dispersion of silica, stronger rubber–filler interaction, and more silica selectively distributed in the SSBR phase were determined via rubber-processing analysis, transmission electron microscopy, bound rubber, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The high vinyl content, low styrene content, and end-functionalized structure of SSBR play vital roles in promoting its compatibility with NR and a stronger rubber–silica linkage. The resulting increased tan δ at 0 °C and low tan δ at 60 °C indicates good wet-skid resistance and low rolling resistance by blending SSBR 2466, and 70/30 NR/SSBR is the best balance for producing a “green tire” tread.

scholarly journals Effects of Blend Ratio and SBR Type on Properties of Carbon Black-Filled and Silica-Filled SBR/BR Tire Tread Compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongdhorn Sae-oui ◽  
Krisda Suchiva ◽  
Chakrit Sirisinha ◽  
Wenussarin Intiya ◽  
Pram Yodjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Wet Grip ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

This work aimed at investigating the effects of blend ratio between styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) and SBR type (E-SBR and S-SBR) on properties of SBR/BR tire tread compounds. Influences of these parameters on properties of the tread compounds reinforced by 80 parts per hundred rubber (phr) of carbon black (CB) and silica were also compared. Results reveal that hardness, strengths, and wet grip efficiency were impaired whereas rolling resistance was improved with increasing BR proportion. Surprisingly, the presence of BR imparted poorer abrasion resistance in most systems, except for the CB-filled E-SBR system in which an enhanced abrasion resistance was observed. Obviously, S-SBR gave superior properties (tire performance) compared to E-SBR, particularly obvious in the silica-filled system. Compared with CB, silica gave comparable strengths, better wet grip efficiency, and lower rolling resistance. Carbon black, however, offered greater abrasion resistance than silica.

Viscosity and Molecular Weight of Masticated Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

1965 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Bhatnagar ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Mooney Viscosity ◽  
The Times ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Abstract Changes in the value of [η], [ηm], K′, (M) and μ of SBR masticated in the cold at 25.0 ± 5.0° C in presence of oxygen with the times of mastication are reported. An empirical relation has been developed between the intrinsic viscosity [η] and Mooney viscosity [ηm] which permits molecular weight of the rubber to be determined directly from Mooney viscosity. The value of g which appears in the Flory equation connecting true crosslink density with the physically determined one has been calculated for unfilled SBR.

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