The Turning Point in International Migration and Economic Development in Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Bum Park
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Industrial Upgrading ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

Korea passed its turning point in international labor migration in the 1990s, largely due to government policies aimed at rapid economic development, industrial upgrading and coping with demographic change. From the 1960s to the 1980s, international migration was initiated and pursued by the government, bringing in remittances which improved the balance of payments and helped fund investment projects necessary for industrial upgrading. Rapid upgrading, coupled with demographic and social changes, have led to a need for unskilled foreign workers on a large scale. With a large influx of illegal workers, the Korean government now faces changing its policy to allow unskilled workers to enter the country.

The Employment of Foreign Labor in Japan

1991 ◽  
Vol 513 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARUO SHIMADA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Immigration Control ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
The Government

The problems of foreign labor in Japan have become increasingly serious economically, politically, and socially in recent years. In response to increasing labor shortages and high wages in Japan, ever larger numbers of foreign workers are entering Japan and illegally engaging in unskilled work under poor working conditions. The amended law of immigration control was put into effect on 1 June 1990, strictly prohibiting the entrance of foreigners for unauthorized work while opening doors more widely for highly skilled and knowledgeable workers. This article first briefly reviews the recent penetration of the Japanese labor market by foreign workers and then discusses potential merits of international migration of workers as well as likely demerits or dangers associated with the spontaneous influx of foreign workers into Japan under the current institutional and social conditions. The article finally proposes a large-scale work and learn program jointly administered by the government and private sector as a policy remedy to maximize the merits, and to minimize the demerits, of accepting foreign workers.

A New Concept of the Public-Private Partnerships in the UK

2014 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
V. Varnavskii
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
The Government

A new Public-Private Partnerships concept Private Finance 2 (PF2) adopted by UK government instead of the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) is analyzing. PF2 follows the Open Public Services Program according to recent changes in the economic policy. A description and evaluation of PFI concept are given. The reasons for termination of PFI are also revealed. Special attention is paid to the new problems of the Concept, as an access to lax credit, concerning the public sector as an equal co-investor, and risks reduction. The increased importance of institutional investors such as banks, funds, insurance companies, international export-import agencies is shown.The paper is partly devoted to the issues of PFI/PF2 administration in UK. The role of governing authorities in Public-Private Partnerships implementation and their standing in the government structure are disclosed and analyzed as well as their functions and outcomes of their activities. PF2 reaffirms UK government’s commitment to Public-Private Partnerships. It remains to be a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development. The British government hopes that PF2 will increase private sector interest to finance public investment projects such as schools, roads, hospitals, waste utilization and other large-scale infrastructure.

Fisheries policy and economic development in Greenland in the 1980s

Polar Record ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (157) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Poole
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Fisheries Policy ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

ApstractThis article describes the main characteristics of the Greenlandic economy in the 1980s and the aims of the country's Home Rule Government in regard to fisheries policy and economic development. The strategy adopted by the Home Rule Government is presented and evaluated, in terms both of economic theory and of results. Greenland's problems are similar to those of other developing countries, but intensified by its Arctic location, communications problems, a vulnerable resource base and harsh operating conditions inits fisheries, also by its colonial and post-colonial history which has fuelled aspirations towards a high standard of living and given rise to high import demands. Difficulties encountered point towards a modification of the aims and policies of the government, including adoption of a less ambitious approach, focusing upon satisfying basic social and economic needs, and avoiding the mistakes made by the Danish administration in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to alienation of segments of the population from the process of development.

scholarly journals Understanding Land Use and Rural Development in the National Scheme of Village Relocation and Urbanization in China: A Case Study of Two Villages in Jiangsu Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qidong Huang ◽  
Jiajun Xu ◽  
Hua Qin ◽  
Xinyu Gao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Preference ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Rural Land Use ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
The Government

Large-scale village relocation and urbanization, one of the most significant social changes in China, bring villages both development opportunities and social risks. The social risks mainly stem from the government’s strong position in land expropriation and policy preference for urban development. We observe the amalgamation of Anyang and Bomu Village in China and explore the specific role of land policies in the social change and restructuring of the two villages. We find that clan gentries challenge the government’s “absolute” authority over land and landless villagers start the trend of “de-urbanization.” Our research presents targeted policy recommendations in terms of weakening the role of the government in urbanization, strengthening dialogues between the government and clans and coordinating urban and rural land use.

scholarly journals A Strategy of Economic and Industrial Development of Russia in the Worldwide Instability Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
I. S. Tsypin ◽  
S. I. Tsypina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
International Investment ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
The Government

The subject of the researchis the development of the Russian economy through enhancing its management efficiency.The relevanceof the problem is caused by the need to overcome the slow economic development before 2024–2030 as well as by fundamental changes in the global economy associated with the collapse of the globalization policy and the transition to the state protectionism, which requires changing the approach to the domestic economy management. Other important factors are a variety of economic development strategies available and the need to choose and justify an optimum strategy for the development of Russia.The purpose of the researchwas the development of a sound economic strategy and guidelines for its implementation with account for aggregate influencing factors. A comprehensive strategy for the development of the national economy is proposed based on the optimal combination of defense-industrial, resource, stabilization and innovation strategies while taking into account the specifics of Russia. To evaluate the condition and prospects of the Russian economic development, two groups of factors have been identified: external economic and internal economic. With account for their impact, the guidelines for the integrated economic strategy implementation are proposed. As a result of the research findings,it is concludedthat to achieve the goals set it is reasonable to ensure the balanced development of foreign economic relations based on joint large-scale international investment projects; increase the manufacturing and exports of hightech and deep processing products; ensure intensive growth of labor productivity and product quality based on industry modernization. The research was based on studying and analyzing information from domestic and foreign sources, Presidential decrees, resolutions and decisions of the State Duma and the Government, materials of the Russian Statistical Service (Rosstat) and relevant periodicals. In the course of the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, selection of the main link and classification were used. The results of the research can be helpful in the implementation of the economic development strategy and for management of structural transformations.

scholarly journals Social changes of the Coho-Cil in Lam Dong Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Thoi Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 1960S

Lam Dong is located in the central highlands of Vietnam, where many ethnic groups reside. In the 1960s, the Republic of Vietnam forced ethnic groups, including the Coho-Cil, to leave their bon (village) to live in concentration in Strategic Hamlets. Most of the bon (villages) were divided and relocated into newly-organized administrative hamlets. After the Unification in 1975, the current government proposed a fixed cultivation, residence program, and a model of collective economic development called “tậpđoànsảnxuất (the group of agricultural production)”. In postDoiMoi (renovation) in 1986, the Cil have been favorably influenced by the DoiMoi policy of developing a multi-sector economy and independent household economy to cultivate coffee, high-yield corn, and persimmons. For the last 50 years, the Cil have experienced their historical process of tremendous social change. The main objective of this paper is to clarify the social structure and social changing process of the Coho-Cil in Lam Dong provice.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF DISCLAIMER DUE TO COVID-19 ON THE RELIGIOUS VALUE OF OFFICIAL WORKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Siti Zakiyatul Fikriyah ◽  
Khoirul Mumtahanah ◽  
Khasiatun Amaliyah
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Affairs

The Covid-19 virus is one type of infectious disease or infectious disease that emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. And began to spread in Indonesia in March 2021. The increasing number of positive cases and deaths due to Covid-19 has led the government to implement several policies, namely restrictions on Large-Scale Social Affairs (PSBB) and working from home. This policy has a very big impact on employers because they experience enormous losses so that company leaders carry out layoffs (layoffs) on a large scale or on a large scale. The impact of the termination of employment is felt directly by the workers concerned. And social changes began to occur in workers who were laid off (changes in religiosity), such as what happened in Dongos Village, Kedung District, Jepara Regency. This study aims to see the impact and influence factors of layoffs due to Covid-19 on the religious level of workers who were laid off and who were not laid off. The method used is a combined research approach (quantitative and qualitative), using a questionnaire and direct interviews. The results obtained indicate that layoffs due to Covid-19 affect the level of religiosity of laid-off workers. Moreover, there is a difference in the level of religiosity between workers who were laid off and those who were not. The factors that influence the impact of layoffs due to Covid-19 on the level of worker religiosity are 1) Ideological, 2) Ritualistic, 3) Expressive, and 4) Consequences

scholarly journals Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (336) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Policy Frameworks ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
The Government

The authorities are committed to very strong policies and policy frameworks. However, policy uncertainty and new priorities have created challenges and have clouded the growth outlook. Large-scale investment projects and social transfers—and a commitment to not raise taxes until after 2021—are yet to be reconciled with the administration’s fiscal targets and the objective of putting public debt on a downward path. Meanwhile, drastic budget cuts for some institutions have raised concern about their impact on human capital. A state-centered energy policy that limits the role of the private sector—putting the onus of stabilizing Pemex (the state-owned oil and gas company) squarely on the government—has imposed further pressure on the budget and has weakened prospects for oil production. Promises to tackle some of Mexico’s salient structural challenges—including corruption, informality and crime—have yet to be followed by concrete policy action.

scholarly journals The Role of Small-scale Industry in Pakistan's Economy and Government Incentives

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
The Government

Despite the recognition of the importance of small-scale industry, the Government of Pakistan's industrial policy has been biased in the past towards the large-scale manufacturing sector. The First Five Year Plan (1955-60) document states the significance of small-scale industry in the following words. Small industry has specific contributions to make to economic development. In the first place, it can contribute to the output of needed goods without requiring the organization of large new enterprises or the use of much foreign exchange to finance the import of new equipment. Secondly, it can provide opportunities for employment beyond the narrow boundaries of urban centres. Finally, as history shows, it can perform an important function in promoting growth, providing training ground for management and labour, and spreading industrial knowledge over wide areas [8, p. 471] .

scholarly journals Trends in Intersectoral Wages in Pakistan

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4II) ◽  
pp. 1243-1253
Author(s):  
Faiz Bilquees
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Government Employees ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Rates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formal And Informal Sectors

In Pakistan intersectoral wage trends have been analysed by Guisinger and Hicks (1978); Irfan (1982) and Irfan and Ahmed (1985). The studies show that over the period 1970 to 1984 real wages of the large-scale manufacturing, construction and agriculture sectors increased while that of the government employees declined significantly. The study shows international migration to be one of the major determinants of the rise in real wages, in addition to important policy interventions. The present study is an extension of Irfan and Ahmed's work. It has been undertaken for two reasons. First there is great scarcity of empirical evidence on this very important issue. Second, the more important factor is the sharp reversal in one of the major variables - out migration. Since 1981 there has been net return migration. This phenomenon a priori is expected to upset the labour market and the wage rates in the opposite direction. The study is planned as follows: Section II describes the trends in real wages between the formal and informal sectors.! Section III describes the factors behind the observed trends in real wages, and finally Section IV gives the conclusions of the study.

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