Irrational Thinking and Adjustment to Loss of Vision

1980 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Needham ◽  
Marjy N. Ehmer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Blind People ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Belief Statements

Individual differences in adjusting to or coping with blindness appear related to the presence or absence of certain irrational belief statements about this disability. As a whole, these appear to constitute much of the mythology of blindness. The statements fall into four general categories: (1) Blind people are different from sighted people in their self-worth and value; (2) Blind people have a unique psychological constitution; (3) Blind people have a special relationship with other people and society in general; and (4) There are magical circumstances about blindness. Each statement is discussed and methods by which individuals can rid themselves of or be helped to eliminate these irrational beliefs are described.

Relationship between Locus of Control and Irrational Beliefs

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip G. Wright ◽  
R. O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
External Locus ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
External Locus Of Control

College students (40 male and 40 female) were administered Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale and the Irrational Beliefs Test. A significant correlation of .41 was found indicating a moderately strong relationship between externality and extent of irrational thinking. Five of 10 irrational belief scales, Demand for approval, Frustration reactive, Anxious overconcern, Dependency, and Helplessness, were also significantly positively correlated with extetnality ( rs ranging from .22 to .40). The results were interpreted as reinforcing an association between externality and maladjustment.

Is Belief in a Just World Rational?

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Stowers ◽  
Mark W. Durm
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Just World ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship

To estimate the relationship between the belief in a just world and irrational thinking, 62 undergraduates completed the Jones Irrational Beliefs Test and the Multidimensional Belief in a Just World Scale. It was hypothesized that belief in a just world precluded rational thinking. No significant correlations were found between scores on irrational beliefs and beliefs in a just world; however, post hoc tests indicated a significant relationship between age and scores on irrational belief in women, indicating that perhaps the older women were less prone to irrational beliefs.

scholarly journals La irracionalidad y el auto-engaño

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
pp. 25-50
Author(s):  
Silvia Bello
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Propositional Attitude ◽  
Belief Formation ◽  
Dividing Line

In this paper I have tried to present what seem to me the main problems to be confronted in explaining the formation of motivated, irrational beliefs, and the most important recent contributions to a solution of such problems. First, I make some classifications and present some important features of the different cases of motivated irrational belief formation. After expounding the problems and the central points that stand in need of explanation, I consider Davidson's view of the conflict between our standard way of describing and explaining mental phenomena and the idea that such phenomena can be irrational. Then, I present Davidson's suggestion to reconcile an explanation that shows a belief to be irrational with the element of rationality inherent in the description of any propositional attitude. I consider Davidson's and Pears' criteria for drawing a dividing line between mental systems, and argue that Davidson's criterion seems too wide and should be restricted to cases where motivation is involved. I also argue that it is the weaker version of Pears' criterion that must be defended and confronted with Davidson's. [S.B.]

scholarly journals Rational emotional behavior: How to reduce irrational beliefs in victims post-natural disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Mawardi Djamaluddin ◽  
Suryani Hi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
The Individual

Natural disasters that occur over a long period of time and the level of damage that occurs often affect the psychological condition of the individual causing individuals to experience traumatic experiences that are hard to forget. Traumatic experiences experienced as a result of natural disasters also influence one's view of the natural disaster itself. Some people may have rational views while others have irrational views. This irrational view often makes individuals feel even more traumatized by the bad experiences they have experienced. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effectiveness of rational emotive behaviour counselling in reducing irrational beliefs experienced by people experiencing natural disasters. The research method used was quantitative with an experimental design. The research subjects were earthquake victims in Tomara Village, South Halmahera Regency who had irrational beliefs in the high category based on the results of filling in data from the irrational belief scale. The results showed that rational emotive behaviour therapy counselling was effective in reducing irrational beliefs experienced by people experiencing natural disasters.

THE PATTERN OF IRRATIONAL BELIEFS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyne Prud'homme ◽  
Pierre Barron
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Normal Controls

In light of Rational-Emotive Theory, this study was undertaken to determine the pattern of irrational beliefs underlying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A total of 126 subjects (50 males, 76 females) volunteered to participate. Patients clinically diagnosed with MDD (unipolar type) and a control group of non-depressed patients were solicited from the inpatient and outpatient facilities of several Ottawa and Montreal hospitals; the normal control group comprised students and civil servants. The subjects completed questionnaires to measure irrational belief endorsement (IBT, RBI) and symptom severity (STAI, BDI) and to verify the depression diganosis (IDD). Multivariate statistics were used to determine the pattern of beliefs which best discriminates between the MDD group, the psychiatric control group, and the normal controls. Discriminant analysis of the IBT revealed a pattern of four irrational beliefs generally known as demand for approval, frustration reactivity, anxious overconcern, and helplessness over past. The implications of such findings for RET theory are discussed.

HOW RATIONAL BELIEFS AND IRRATIONAL BELIEFS AFFECT PEOPLE'S INFERENCES: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Bond ◽  
Windy Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Rational Belief ◽  
Rational Beliefs ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Functional Content

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) hypothesizes that the functionality of inferences is primarily affected by the preferential and demanding nature of rational and irrational beliefs, respectively. It is then, secondarily, influenced by the functional and dysfunctional contents to which rational and irrational beliefs, respectively, refer. This hypothesis was tested by asking 96 participants to imagine themselves holding one of four specific beliefs: a rational belief with a preference and a functional content, an irrational belief with a demand and a dysfunctional content, a rational belief with a functional content and no preference, and an irrational belief with a dysfunctional content and no demand. Participants imagined themselves holding their belief in an imaginary context, whilst rating the extent of their agreement to 14 functional and dysfunctional inferences. Contrary to REBT theory, results indicated that rational and irrational beliefs had the same magnitude of effect on the functionality of inferences, whether they referred to a preference/demand+contents, or only contents. The discussion maintains that preferences and demands may not constitute the principal mechanism through which rational and irrational beliefs affect the functionality of inferences. Instead, consistent with Beck's cognitive therapy, belief contents may constitute this primary mechanism.

Need for Cognition and Irrational Beliefs

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Mahoney ◽  
Douglas Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Minimum Threshold ◽  
Content Variable ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 149 college students, 48 men and 101 women, completed the Irrational Beliefs and the Need for Cognition scales to assess irrationality and the tendency to engage in effortful cognitive activity. Although substantial overlap between the constructs was found ( r = –.29, p < .001), the relationship was not linear. Need for Cognition appears to be a process variable, while irrational belief appears to be a content variable. Results suggest that the Need for Cognition must achieve a minimum threshold before spontaneous critical self-examination can occur.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Skala Keyakinan Irasional dalam Penulisan Skripsi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diniy Hidayatur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Albert Ellis ◽  
Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Low Frustration Tolerance ◽  
Thesis Writing

Abstract: Previous studies have shown that irrational beliefs contribute significantly to the procrastination, including the thesis-writing procrastination. Unfortunately, there are no scales that specifically can measure the beliefs in the thesis writing context. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a scale called the Skala Keyakinan Irasional dalam Penyusunan Skripsi (SKI-S). The scale was developed based on irrational belief construct proposed by Albert Ellis in the context of thesis writing. To achieve the aim, the study applied a research and development design involving four steps: (1) defining the construct; (2) developing the measurement model; (3) carrying out confirmatory factor analysis; and (4) checking the validity of the measurement model. 200 undergraduate students taking their 9th to 14th semester were involved in the study. 86 items were successfully validated which were classified into demandingness subscale (16 items); catastrophizing subscale (20 items); self-depreciation subscale (17 items); and low frustration tolerance subscales (20 items).Abstrak: Beberapa hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa keyakinan irasional berkontribusi pada terjadinya prokrastinasi, termasuk prokrastinasi dalam penulisan skripsi. Sampai saat ini belum dijumpai alat ukur yang secara khusus mengukur keyakinan irasional dalam konteks dimaksud. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sebuah alat ukur yang diberi nama Skala Keyakinan Irasional dalam Penyusunan Skripsi (SKI-S). Skala ini dikembangkan berdasarkan konstruk keyakinan irasional yang dikemukakan oleh Albert Ellis dengan menambahkan konteks penulisan skripsi ke dalam butir-butir skala. Untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah disebutkan, penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pengembangan dengan langkah-langkah: (1) mendefinisikan konstruk; (2) mengembangkan model pengukuran; (3) melakukan analisis faktor konfirmatori; dan (4) mengecek validitas model pengukuran. Subjek yang terlibat dalam pengembangan ini adalah 200 mahasiswa yang terlambat lulus (sedang menempuh semester sembilan hingga 14). Hasil menunjukkan 86 butir SKI-S valid dan reliabel, sedangkan 178 butir lainnya tidak memenuhi syarat. Secara rinci, 86 butir tersebut terdiri dari: 16 butir subskala demandingness; 20 butir subskala catastrophizing; 17 butir subskala self-depreciation; dan 20 butir subskala low frustration tolerance.

Sin and Self-Functioning, Part 3: The Psychology and Ideology of Irrational Beliefs

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Watson ◽  
Ronald J. Morris ◽  
Ralph W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
World View ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Positive Correlations

Irrational beliefs identified by Rational-Emotive theory (Ellis, 1962) as pathogenic were related to religious motivations and to orthodox beliefs having to do with sin. An extrinsic religious motivation and beliefs referring to the guilt of others appeared to predict problematic self-functioning. On the other hand, intrinsicness and beliefs about grace displayed complex linkages with irrational thinking and were also associated with less depression. A direct analysis of how subjects evaluated specific beliefs relative to their religious commitments suggested that positive correlations of intrinsicness and of grace with at least some irrational beliefs may not be indicative of true “irrationality.” Instead, religious individuals may be reasoning from a world view that is ideologically incompatible with Rational-Emotive theory.

Comparison and Cross-Validation of the Irrational Belief Test and the Rational Behavior Inventory

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph B. Ray ◽  
Joseph S. Bak
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Irrational Belief ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rational Behavior ◽  
Female Undergraduate ◽  
The One

The Irrational Belief Test and the Rational Behavior Inventory were given to 27 male and 33 female undergraduate students. The tests were significantly and negatively correlated, indicating that subjects who demonstrated many of the irrational beliefs on the one test also exhibited little rational behavior on the other. The results of this cross-validation study supported the notion that the degree of rationality and irrationality evidenced by college students in the standardization studies is still evidenced by today's youth.

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