Unraveling the Mystery of Brazilian Jeitinho

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Juliana Barreiros Porto ◽  
Ronaldo Pilati ◽  
Taciano L. Milfont
Keyword(s):  
Social Norm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Indigenous Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Scenario Approach

Two studies explore the structure and psychological makeup of jeitinho, a Brazilian indigenous construct associated with problem-solving strategies in strong hierarchies. Study 1 used a scenario approach with nonstudent participants and demonstrated that jeitinho can be described by a three-dimensional structure: corruption, creativity, and social norm breaking. Study 2 used individual and social norm scenarios in nonstudent samples and demonstrated that moral leniency is associated with more corruption and social norm breaking. Furthermore, only in the personal but not the social norm condition was greater social dominance orientation associated with more corruption and social norm breaking. Jeitinho is not a monolitical construct, but it is a complex sociocultural strategy that has distinct functional components at the personal and normative levels. Theoretical advances in the understanding of social norms and indigenous psychology by examining both culture-specific and general social-psychological processes are outlined.

scholarly journals Crowds in front of bottlenecks at entrances from the perspective of physics and social psychology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (165) ◽  
pp. 20190871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Adrian ◽  
Armin Seyfried ◽  
Anna Sieben
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Crowd Dynamics ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

This article presents an interdisciplinary study of physical and social psychological effects on crowd dynamics based on a series of bottleneck experiments. Bottlenecks are of particular interest for applications such as crowd management and design of emergency routes because they limit the performance of a facility. In addition to previous work on the dynamics within the bottleneck, this study focuses on the dynamics in front of the bottleneck, more specifically, at entrances. The experimental set-up simulates an entrance scenario to a concert consisting of an entrance gate (serving as bottleneck) and a corridor formed by barriers. The parameters examined are the corridor width, degree of motivation and priming of the social norm of queuing. The analysis is based on head trajectories and questionnaires. We show that the density of persons per square metre depends on motivation and also increases continuously with increasing corridor width, meaning that a density reduction can be achieved by a reduction of space. In comparison to other corridor widths observed, the narrowest corridor is rated as being fairer, more comfortable and as showing less unfair behaviour. Pushing behaviour is seen as ambivalent: it is rated as unfair and listed as a strategy for faster access.

scholarly journals VISUALISASI TIGA DIMENSIONAL MOTIF BATIK PADA MEDIA KAYU

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Rahayu Adi Prabowo ◽  
Sri Marwati
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Symbolic Meaning ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Diverse Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wood Carving

ABSTRACT The beauty of batik as one form of visual culture in Indonesia is one of the priceless inheritance which has a philosophical symbolic meaning that regulates the social relationship between human and the human relationships with the God. The history of batik never revealed when batik began to exist and who created it. Batik in Indonesia has been known since the era of the Majapahit Kingdom and continues to grow until the emergence of the next kingdoms. Exploration of visual culture in Indonesia becomes a challenge in its learning and its realization. The reason is that every culture has its own social norm / custom that is very strong and influences the people's lives.The diverse application of batik motifs on various products greatly influences the strength of the existence of batik as one form of art in Indonesia which, of course, can also move the economic side of the creation of creativity that always emerges and develops in society. This artistic research of batik motifs richness that is applied into a wood carving motif is proposed to support the development of batik. This research uses a method of motifs exploration by bringing up traditional batik motifs that are packaged in a semi relief wood carving by applying a new motif patterned in accordance to the wood carving techniques. This method conveys traditional batik motifs with a three-dimensional style and in different  size in order to bring up the three-dimensional style. Keywords: Exploration, Batik Motifs, Wood Carving. ABSTRAK Keindahan batik sebagai salah satu wujud budaya rupa di Indonesia adalah merupakan salah satu warisan tak ternilai harganya, yang mempunyai kandungan makna simbolis filsafati yang mengatur hubungan sosial antar manusia serta hubungan manusia dengan Dzat Yang Maha Agung. Dalam kesejarahan tentang keberadaan batik tidak pernah diungkap kapan kali pertama muncul dan siapa yang menciptakannya. Namun batik di Indonesia telah dikenal sejak zaman Kerajaan Majapahit dan terus berkembang hingga munculnya kerajaan-kerajaan berikutnya. Ekplorasi sebuah kekayaan budaya rupa di Indonesia merupakan sebuah tantangan dalam hal pembelajaran dan perwujudannya. Hal tersebut dikarenakan setiap kekayaan budaya diiringi sebuah norma/adat sosial yang sangat kuat dan berpengaruh dalam sendi kehidupan masyarakat. Aplikasi motif batik yang beragam pada berbagai produk ini sangat mempengaruhi kekuatan keberadaan batik sebagai salah satu wujud seni rupa di Indonesia, yang tentunya juga dapat mengerakkan sisi ekonomi dari terciptanya kreativitas yang selalu muncul dan berkembang di masyarakat. Sebagai salah satu dukungan dalam perkembangan wujud seni batik ini, maka diusulkan sebuah penelitian kekaryaan (artistik) tentang kekayaan motif batik yang mengaplikasikan ke dalam sebuah motif ukir kayu yang selama ini belum pernah dilakukan. Sajian penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi motif, yaitu memunculkan motif-motif batik tradisi yang dikemas dalam tampilan ukir kayu semi relief dengan mengaplikasikan pola motif garapan baru sesuai dengan ranah teknik ukir kayu. Metode ini menuangkan motif batik tradisi namun dengan gaya tiga dimensi yang terdapat sedikit gubahan ukuran sebagai upaya memunculkan kekuatan tiga dimensionalnya. Kata Kunci : Ekplorasi, Motif Batik, Ukir Kayu.

Differential Effects of Right–Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation on Dimensions of Generalized Prejudice in Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Cantal ◽  
Taciano L. Milfont ◽  
Marc S. Wilson ◽  
Valdiney V. Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Social Dominance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Differential Prediction ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism

Previous research within a dual–process cognitive–motivational theory of ideology and prejudice has indicated that dimensions of generalized prejudice are structured around attitudes towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups, and that these prejudice dimensions are differentially predicted by the ideological attitudes of Right–Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). However, to date, these findings have been restricted to New Zealand samples. We describe two studies examining whether the structure of prejudiced attitudes and the differential prediction by RWA and SDO replicate in the Brazilian context, incorporating context–relevant examples of each group—politicians, those from the northeast region of Brazil, and environmentalists. Results broadly supported the three–factor structure of dangerous, derogated, and dissident groups. Consistent with previous research, regression and structural equation analyses showed that RWA explained prejudice against dangerous groups, SDO explained prejudice against derogated groups, and both RWA and SDO explained prejudice against dissident groups. This research provides some evidence for the generalizability of the three–dimensional structure of generalized prejudice and differential prediction by RWA and SDO. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF BOREOUT ON STRESS, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN THE WORKPLACE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1391-1423
Author(s):  
Fahri ÖZSUNGUR
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Evaluation Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effects

The study aims to determine the effects of boreout on employee’s depression, anxiety, and stress levels. Furthermore, it is aimed to reveal employee’s job meaningless, employee’s job boring, stress factors, ways of coping and being happy under stress via interview. This study was conducted with 186 participants recruited from the Chambers of Commerce in Turkey. Mixed-Method Evaluation Design has been adopted in the study based on the social exchange theory, which includes quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Findings revealed a positive association between boreout, depression, stress, and anxiety. The coding findings confirmed the three-dimensional structure of the boreout scale those were the problems arising from managers, employees and working conditions. Furthermore, stress was perceived by the employees as three main effects in terms of keeping away, accepting and struggling.                             

scholarly journals Analysis of Hate Speech and Hate Crimes From A Social Psychological Perspective: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Group Members

Hate crime and hate speech are extreme examples of negative intergroup relations. It is thought that it would be very useful to analyze the variables that lead up to for dealing with hate speech and crimes that have many physical and psychological destructive consequences for the exposed group members. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to address some of the social psychological variables associated with hate speech and hate crimes and to suggest solutions to reduce hate speech and hate crimes in this context. For this purpose, first of all, hate speech and hate crimes were defined and various examples were presented in this direction. Later, hate crimes and hate speech were examined in terms of social identity identification, social dominance orientation, system justification, realistic and symbolic threat perception, frustration and scapegoat concepts. The relationship between hate speech and crimes of this concept has been embodied with research findings and examples from various regions in Turkey and the world. Finally, some solution suggestions have been presented by making use of this theoretical knowledge in terms of combating hate crimes and hate speeches. Keywords: Hate crime, hate speech, intergroup relations, social psychology

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Electron Microscopy of Cytoplasmic Contractile Proteins

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Pollard ◽  
P. Maupin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Contractile Proteins ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Computer Image Processing ◽  
Nonmuscle Cells

In this paper we review some of the contributions that electron microscopy has made to the analysis of actin and myosin from nonmuscle cells. We place particular emphasis upon the limitations of the ultrastructural techniques used to study these cytoplasmic contractile proteins, because it is not widely recognized how difficult it is to preserve these elements of the cytoplasmic matrix for electron microscopy. The structure of actin filaments is well preserved for electron microscope observation by negative staining with uranyl acetate (Figure 1). In fact, to a resolution of about 3nm the three-dimensional structure of actin filaments determined by computer image processing of electron micrographs of negatively stained specimens (Moore et al., 1970) is indistinguishable from the structure revealed by X-ray diffraction of living muscle.

A New 1000kv Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
J.L. Williams ◽  
K. Heathcote ◽  
E.J. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Conventional Instrument

High Voltage Electron Microscope already offers exciting experimental possibilities to Biologists and Materials Scientists because the increased specimen thickness allows direct observation of three dimensional structure and dynamic experiments on effectively bulk specimens. This microscope is designed to give maximum accessibility and space in the specimen region for the special stages which are required. At the same time it provides an ease of operation similar to a conventional instrument.

High-voltage electron microscopy of maxillary gland of spirochete-infected brine shrimp: lesion of efferent tubule

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
G. E. Tyson ◽  
M. J. Song
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Infected Adult

Natural populations of the brine shrimp, Artemia, may possess spirochete- infected animals in low numbers. The ultrastructure of Artemia's spirochete has been described by conventional transmission electron microscopy. In infected shrimp, spirochetal cells were abundant in the blood and also occurred intra- and extracellularly in the three organs examined, i.e. the maxillary gland (segmental excretory organ), the integument, and certain muscles The efferent-tubule region of the maxillary gland possessed a distinctive lesion comprised of a group of spirochetes, together with numerous small vesicles, situated in a cave-like indentation of the base of the tubule epithelium. in some instances the basal lamina at a lesion site was clearly discontinuous. High-voltage electron microscopy has now been used to study lesions of the efferent tubule, with the aim of understanding better their three-dimensional structure.Tissue from one maxillary gland of an infected, adult, female brine shrimp was used for HVEM study.

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