scholarly journals The Contribution of Peer Values to Children’s Values and Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110201
Author(s):  
Maya Benish-Weisman ◽  
Shaul Oreg ◽  
Yair Berson
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Second Graders ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Homeroom Teachers ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
People’S Perceptions

Personal values have a key role in determining people’s perceptions, judgments, and behaviors. Only a handful of studies examined determinants of children’s values outside the family. We used longitudinal data on children’s values from 15,008 children in Grades 3 to 9, and homeroom teachers’ reports about the behaviors of 3,476 of these children. As predicted, peers’ values were positively correlated with the strengthening of children’s corresponding values. Moreover, with the exception of self-transcendence values, peer values had an indirect effect on corresponding child behavior, through children’s self-endorsed values. Girl peers had stronger effects on both girls’ and boys’ values. In addition, we found some evidence for stronger relationships between peer and children’s values among the older children, in particular among boys. These latter effects were even more prominent in an extended sample that included data from first and second graders. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

Molar-incisor hypomineralization and dental caries: A hierarchical approach in a populational-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
Laura Izabel Lampert Bonzanini ◽  
Andressa da Silva Arduim ◽  
Tathiane Larissa Lenzi ◽  
Fernando Neves Hugo ◽  
Juliana Balbinot Hilgert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract The last couple of decades has seen an increasing interest in molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) studies. Hypomineralized defects can have several consequences such as hypersensitivity, increased dental plaque accumulation, and consequently higher caries risk. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MIH and its association with dental caries in schoolchildren from a city in southern Brazil. A random cluster sample of schoolchildren was selected. Clinical examinations were carried out to collect information on MIH (following the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria), dental caries (using the DMF-T index) and gingivitis. Socioeconomic, demographic and behavior variables were collected using a standardized questionnaire answered by the children’s parents/caregivers. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression analysis with robust variance through a hierarchical approach (p<0.05). A total of 513 schoolchildren were included in the study. MIH and caries prevalence was 19.7% and 31.6%, respectively. The mean age was 11.6 (+1.9) years. Dental caries was more prevalent in children with MIH (PR 1.39; 95% CI 1.05 - 1.85). Older children and children whose families were enrolled in conditional cash transference programs (PR 1.97 95% CI 1.47 - 2.64), and children who did not have their mother or father as the head of the family (PR 1.56 95% CI 1.06 - 2.30) presented a higher prevalence of dental caries. Our findings suggest that children with MIH are more likely to have dental caries.

scholarly journals Household Chaos and Child Behavior Problems Predict Maternal Well-being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumeyra Yalcintas ◽  
Alison Pike ◽  
Bonamy R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Household Chaos ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Behavior Study ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate predictors of maternal well-being in mothers of twins. As well as being important in its own right, maternal well-being is a crucial predictor of parenting (Belsky in Child Dev. 55(1):83, 1984). Based on previous research (Pike et al. in Int J Beh Dev. 30(1):55–66, 2006) we expected that household chaos (Confusion, Hubbub, and Order) and child behavior problems would predict maternal depression, stress and anxiety. The data for the study was taken from the Twins, Family and Behavior Study (TFaB) -- a longitudinal UK study of twins born in 2009 and 2010. One hundred and fifty-eight mothers of twins (Mchild age= 6.01 years, SDage = 0.50) reported on household chaos, child disruptive behaviors and their own well-being. Higher levels of household chaos were linked to maternal depressive, anxiety and stress related symptoms. More child behavior problems were related to more depressive and stress symptoms but not anxiety. The findings show promise for future research investigating different types of maternal well-being and suggested practical implications, such as intervening on concrete aspects of household chaos to improve maternal well-being.

How to Buffer the Family Costs of Project Citizenship Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhong ◽  
Nini Xia ◽  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
Xueqing Wang ◽  
Robert Tiong
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Work Meaningfulness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Work Interference With Family ◽  
Work Interference ◽  
Practical Implications

Previous studies have mainly concentrated on the desirable aspects of project citizenship behavior (PCB) but largely ignored its dark sides. We seek to fill in this gap by exploring whether and when PCB would lead to one specific family cost—namely, work interference with family (WIF). Data were collected from a sample of 311 project employees. It was found that PCB was positively related with time-, strain-, and behavior-based WIF only when project employees possessed low levels of task self-efficacy or work meaningfulness. The theoretical and practical implications for project management are also discussed.

Working with Sexual-Minority Individuals

2010 ◽  
pp. 837-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Diamond ◽  
Molly R. Butterworth ◽  
Ritch C. Savin-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oriented Research

The present chapter provides a review of some of the primary psychological issues confronting sexual minorities (i.e., individuals with same-sex attractions and relationships). Our goal is to provide a flexible set of preliminary questions that can be used to help sexual-minority clients to articulate their own idiosyncratic experiences and give voice to their own unique needs. We begin by addressing two of the most common and important clinical issues faced by sexual minorities: generalized “minority stress” and acceptance and validation from the family of origin. We then turn attention to the vast—and vastly underinvestigated—population of individuals with bisexual attractions and behavior, who actually constitute the majority of the sexual-minority population, despite having been systematically excluded from most prior research. We review the increasing body of research suggesting that individuals with bisexual patterns of attraction and behavior actually face greater mental health risks than those with exclusive same-sex attractions and behavior, and we explore potential processes and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, focusing particular attention on issues of identity development and transition over the life span. We conclude by outlining a number of areas for future clinically oriented research.

scholarly journals Intergroup and intragroup dimensions of COVID-19: A social identity perspective on social fragmentation and unity

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Abrams ◽  
Fanny Lalot ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Political Management ◽  
Psychological Challenge ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
People’S Perceptions

COVID-19 is a challenge faced by individuals (personal vulnerability and behavior), requiring coordinated policy from national government. However, another critical layer—intergroup relations—frames many decisions about how resources and support should be allocated. Based on theories of self and social identity uncertainty, subjective group dynamics, leadership, and social cohesion, we argue that this intergroup layer has important implications for people’s perceptions of their own and others’ situation, political management of the pandemic, how people are influenced, and how they resolve identity uncertainty. In the face of the pandemic, initial national or global unity is prone to intergroup fractures and competition through which leaders can exploit uncertainties to gain short-term credibility, power, or influence for their own groups, feeding polarization and extremism. Thus, the social and psychological challenge is how to sustain the superordinate objective of surviving and recovering from the pandemic through mutual cross-group effort.

Digital Pollution and Its Impact on the Family and Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2098555
Author(s):  
Shiv Ratan Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
Human Attitude ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
And Behavior

The present study was an attempt to identify the most prevailing means of digital devices and its impact as digital pollution on family and social interactions. Despite the obvious benefits of digital devices, in recent years researchers have taken more concern about its potential negative effect on human attitude and behavior, which in turn affects our society. A total of 613 usable responses were collected from Bangalore, India of excessive users of digital devices, such as a smartphone, computer/laptop, and television. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0, and SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicated that as the use of smartphone and computer/laptop increases, levels of digital pollution also increase, which in turn significantly triggers unfavorable impact on family and social interactions. The study indicated that digital pollution appears as an important predictor, which significantly affects social interaction unfavorably. The present study explored the various critical dimensions within this domain and delineated gaps in our knowledge of digital pollution. It was found that smartphones are more responsible for digital pollution among all the identified digital devices, followed by computer/laptop.

Reformulation of the Family Life-Cycle Concept: Implications for Residential Mobility

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare M Stapleton
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Life Cycle Model ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Social Science Theory ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
The Family ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
And Behavior

The conventional concept of linear progression through a traditional life cycle underlies much of social science theory. The utility of retaining the traditional life-cycle framework has declined rapidly as patterns of family and nonfamily structure and behavior have become more diversified. A more comprehensive framework which encompasses these new household types is suggested. The utility of this expanded life-cycle model is explored, with particular reference to single-headed family households and primary households.

A Study of Purchase Influence and Behavioral Intention on the Adoption of Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) Systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiong-Thye Goh ◽  
Bing Yang ◽  
Xin Dai ◽  
Dawei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Review System ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
Behavior Intention ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Chinese Consumer ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Relevant Factors

This study investigates how relevant factors representing the central and peripheral routes affect Chinese consumer adoption of eWOM system. This study is the first to propose a model linking argument quality, site quality and reviewer quality with purchase influence and behavior intention and show how these two factors affect the usage and the adoption of eWOM. Complementing the predicted intention-adoption link, data analysis based on 136 samples after controlling gender, age and occupation status shows that the purchase influence-adoption link has a stronger predictability than the behavioral intention-adoption link. The results show that site quality, reviewer quality and argument quality all positively affect behavioral intention while argument quality and site quality affects purchase influence. The findings demonstrate the importance of purchase influence and its antecedents in the context of predicting eWOM adoption and they carry important practical implications helping organizations and system designer to implement a more effective online review system.

scholarly journals How Do We Love? Romantic Love Style in Men Is Related to Lower Testosterone Levels

2017 ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. BABKOVÁ DURDIAKOVÁ ◽  
P. CELEC ◽  
I. KOBOROVÁ ◽  
T. SEDLÁČKOVÁ ◽  
G. MINÁRIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
The Family ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Testosterone has been widely investigated in associations with many aspects of social interactions, emotions and behavior. No research has been conducted on its contribution to the variability of love styles in human. The aim of this paper was to uncover the possible relationship between not only the actual plasma testosterone levels, but also the prenatal testosterone level (expressed as 2D:4D ratio) and the sensitivity of androgen receptor and love typology in young healthy men. There are six love styles which are primary including Eros (passionate romantic love), Ludus (playful) and Storge (friendly) and secondary love consisting of Mania (obsessive), Pragma (practical realistic) and Agape (altruistic). Our results pointed out that low testosterone concentrations are associated with higher score for Eros, Ludus, Pragma, Mania love style. No significant association was proved for other tested parameters of androgenicity (2D:4D, sensitivity of androgen receptor) and love style after correction was applied. Different attitudes and behavior in relationships do have a biological foundation related to endogenous testosterone levels in plasma. Future studies should address questions about the family and social background of participants to differentiate here between moral rules or/and social-conventional rules.

scholarly journals Job demands when exhausted: the relationship between exhaustion and the perception of job demands mediated by self-undermining

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Lucia Rațiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Dobre
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

There is a large body of literature devoted to factors that shape performance in organizations. Although much of this literature focuses on the relationships between job demands, job resources and performance, Bakker and his colleagues (2014; 2018) have recently drawn attention to self-undermining effects that can add support for a deeper understanding of such a relationship. The following contribution explores self-undermining related to exhaustion at work and its mediating role in the perception of three types of job demands in a sample of employees working in IT companies. More specifically, the paper draws on the concept of self-undermining to reflect on how it activates a loss cycle of job demands and potential negative reactions at work. We argue that (i) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the perception of job demands through self-undermining; and so on referring to each dimension of job demands: (ii) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the perception of workload through self-undermining; (iii) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the emotional load through self-undermining; (iv) exhaustion has an indirect effect on the cognitive load through self-undermining. In order to test the hypotheses, a cross-sectional design was employed. The regression analyses revealed that self-undermining mediated the relationship between exhaustion and the perception of workload meeting our expectations, and a significant indirect effect of exhaustion on the perception of job demands and emotional load. However, there is a need for future studies to generalize the results. Finally, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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