Database file normalization as an information science related activity

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
George McMurdo
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Database Administration ◽  
Database File ◽  
Logical Design ◽  
Logical Representation

Normalization is a technique for determining the optimal logical design of an integrated database, based on the obser vation that certain groupings of entities exhibit better proper ties in storage operations than do other groupings containing the same data. The basic principles of normalization theory are reviewed and the advantages it offers are illustrated. The author concludes by discussing the feasibility and desirabil ity of a division of labour in database administration with information scientists and computer scientists respectively managing the logical representation of the database and the physical maintenance of the database.

scholarly journals The Importance Of Gender And Facial Information Science On Information Systems Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Reilly ◽  
Andrew Nyaboga ◽  
Carl Guynes
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Facial Information ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
The Subject

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="layout-grid-mode: line; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Facial Information Science is becoming a discipline in its own right, attracting not only computer scientists, but graphic animators and psychologists, all of whom require knowledge to understand how people make and interpret facial expressions. (Zeng, 2009). Computer advancements enhance the ability of researchers to study facial expression. Digitized computer-displayed faces can now be used in studies. Current advancements are facilitating not only the researcher&rsquo;s ability to accurately display information, but recording the subject&rsquo;s reaction automatically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span>With increasing interest in Artificial Intelligence and man-machine communications, what importance does the gender of the user play in the design of today&rsquo;s multi-million dollar applications? Does research suggest that men and women respond to the &ldquo;gender&rdquo; of computer displayed images differently? Can this knowledge be used effectively to design applications specifically for use by men or women? This research is an attempt to understand these questions while studying whether automatic, or pre-attentive, processing plays a part in the identification of the facial expressions.</span></span></p>

Economic relations among Comecon members under the 1976–80 plans

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kaser
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trading Bloc ◽  
Economic Collaboration ◽  
Heads Of Government

Thirteen years – almost to the day – after formulating its Basic Principles of the International Socialist Division of Labour, at a ‘Summit’ of Communist Party First Secretaries (in Moscow in June 1962), Comecon established its Agreed Plan for Multilateral Integration Measures, at a meeting of Heads of Government in Budapest in June 1975. The causes of delay to economic integration within Eastern Europe's trading bloc have been political, but the foundation of the body in 1949 was as political in origin as was the renewed impetus given to economic collaboration by the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. Indeed, as a brief retrospective readily shows, international politics have been instrumental in every turning-point in Comecon's life of 27 years (one fewer than its nearest Western counterpart the O.E.E.C, since 1961 the O.E.C.D.).

scholarly journals Asymmetry, division of labour and the evolution of ageing in multicellular organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 376 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20190729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Pen ◽  
Thomas Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Eusocial Insects ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Between the 1930s and 1960s, evolutionary geneticists worked out the basic principles of why organisms age. Despite much progress in the evolutionary biology of ageing since that time, however, many puzzles remain. The perhaps most fundamental of these is the question of which organisms should exhibit senescence and which should not (or which should age rapidly and which should not). The evolutionary origin of ageing from a non-senescent state has been conceptually framed, for example, in terms of the separation between germ-line and soma, the distinction between parents and their offspring, and—in unicellular organisms—the unequal distribution of cellular damage at cell division. These ideas seem to be closely related to the concept of ‘division of labour' between reproduction and somatic maintenance. Here, we review these concepts and develop a toy model to explore the importance of such asymmetries for the evolution of senescence. We apply our model to the simplest case of a multicellular system: an organism consisting of two totipotent cells. Notably, we find that in organisms which reproduce symmetrically and partition damage equally, senescence is still able to evolve, contrary to previous claims. Our results might have some bearing on understanding the origin of the germ-line–soma separation and the evolution of senescence in multicellular organisms and in colonial species consisting of multiple types of individuals, such as, for example, eusocial insects with their different castes.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Ageing and sociality: why, when and how does sociality change ageing patterns?'

Advanced Model of Complex Information System

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
Miroslav Svitek
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Complex Information System ◽  
Information Physics ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Advanced Model ◽  
Original Approach

This chapter presents an original approach to information representation, transmission, and processing together with their features that yield into basic principles of informatics. Models of complex systems are based on knowledge from information science that has been gathered over the years in classical physics, a specialized part of which is called information physics. At present, this discipline is still in its infancy, but many discoveries have already been and some scientists have realized that without basic theories in this area, the further development of human knowledge will not be possible.

Education in Medical Informatics in the Federal Republic of Germany))

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Koeppe
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Medical Computer ◽  
Computer Scientists

The paper deals with the present situation of education at the academic level in Medical Informatics (or Medical Information Science, Electronic Data Processing applied to medicine and the health care service etc.) in the Federal Republic of Germany.Following some introductory remarks about definitions, tasks, and prospects, the different types of education and their availability at certain universities are described. The current capacity is about 100 graduations per year.It is estimated by the author that in future the average number of positions to be occupied by medical computer scientists will be in the order of 50 per year for the Federal Republic of Germany including Berlin (West).It is, therefore, concluded that the present capacity in regard to graduations is sufficient. More emphasis should be laid on developing and organizing curricula for further qualification as well as refresher courses for those already engaged in the field of medical informatics.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP DESAIN ARSITEKTUR BIOKLIMATIK PADA BANGUNAN PERPUSTAKAAN DI KLATEN

Arsitektura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
HAJAR KUSUMA CAHYANINGRUM ◽  
HAJAR KUSUMA CAHYANINGRUM
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Information Technology Education ◽  
Science Information

<p class="AbstractTitle"><em>Abstra</em><em>ct</em></p><p><em>Along with the development of science, the more advanced information and technology are invited in which people are required to always be up to date with the development of existing information. Science and information technology are closely related to the education in which the needs for growing information are considered less achieved by formal education. Therefore, public facilities as educational tools to obtain science and information outside the formal education need to be improved.  Library is required to provide a better and appropriate information services to attract reader from various side. </em></p><p><em>The planned library is public buildings which provide information with various supporting facilities to gain knowledge for readers. The Library being discussed here is not merely about the book but there are many latest technologies as supporting information needs.  </em></p><p><em>Using bioclimatic architecture, the library building is expected to be a convenient educational facility considering the phenomena and the tropical climate of Klaten City to obtain building criteria based on the basic principles of bioclimatic architecture.  </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p class="Keywords"><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>: </em><em>science, information technology, education, library, public building, bioclimatic, bioclimatic architecture. </em><em> </em><em></em></p>

The Future Quantum Computer

2011 ◽  
pp. 138-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Sabelli ◽  
Gerald H. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Processes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
The Future ◽  
Computer Logic ◽  
Logical Design ◽  
The Creation

Quantum computing forces a reexamination of logic. We examine its historical roots in logos, the logic of nature, and it is manifested by the laws of physics. A new logic comes out of this inquiry and it is applied to quantum computing. The logical design of computers according to the logic of quantum physics will allow the full use of quantum processes for computation and also adapt our humanly conceived computer logic to the actual logic of nature. The basic principles of quantum physics are homologically repeated in fundamental processes at all levels of organization. Thus, the principles of action, opposition such as charge and spin, chromatic structure, and the creation of novelty, diversity, and complexity can guide logic. Explicit realizations of these ideas are provided.

Essence of Creativity

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kim
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Corporate Planning ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Insight Into

Challenging problems both attract and repel us. They frustrate us, accelerate our pulses, cause ulcers, and perhaps even curtail our lifespans. On the other hand, the knotty problems of life offer us food for thought, sustaining our creativity, and adding emotional spice to the human experience. We encounter difficult tasks day in and day out. The solutions to these problems must be sought with resourcefulness and creativity, for until now we have had little insight into the nature of these tasks, and even less into methods for resolving them. This unique book explores the nature of challenging problems in all walks of life, and describes the creative techniques for addressing them. It is particularly relevant for problems that admit no obvious solution, whether they concern scientific knowledge, technology, the arts, or social situations. By understanding the dynamics of problem solving in general, the author argues, we can better organize the pursuit of specific projects. The initial phase involves crystallizing our objectives and developing a coherent plan. The next step is to evaluate the results and determine whether the work should be concluded, begun anew, or given up altogether. With this general strategy, even seemingly overwhelming problems can be approached systematically and efficiently. The author goes beyond the normal distinction between routine and innovative activities, defining the role of creativity in novel decision-making. In addition, he distills the existing literature on creativity, innovation, and project management to present a concise set of strategies and practices that can be applied in a myriad of settings ranging from university laboratories to corporate planning centers. For the sake of concreteness, a number of examples from research and development environments demonstrate the book's basic principles in action, showing how even the most difficult problems can yield to knowledgeable ingenuity. Written in a clear, readable style, Essence of Creativity will appeal to a broad spectrum of readers: engineers, business managers, computer scientists, executives, cognitive psychologists, and educators in many fields, as well as general readers seeking effective ways to handle difficult problems.

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

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