Decentralization Reforms in Developing Countries Designed to Champion the Interests of Central Politicians and not Grassroots Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 0169796X2110653
Author(s):  
Seregious Be-ere
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technical Tool ◽  
Grassroots Development ◽  
Development Potential ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subnational Governments

Decentralization has been considered as a powerful tool for enhancing development. However, after nearly four decades of implementing decentralization in many countries in the Global South, the evidence suggests that the impact of decentralization on development is weak and uninspiring. This article argues that the design of a decentralization program is always critical with regard the extent to which it can promote development. The evidence across the developing countries demonstrates that the motivations behind decentralization are typically not politically neutral, political interests have been the key motivation behind the adoption of various types of decentralization programs in the developing countries. As a result, the faith in decentralization as a technical tool that could propel grassroots development needs to be reconsidered, since political interests and not development are the main determinants of decentralization. This is because, in practice, the decentralization designs in many developing countries tend to limit rather than expand the political, fiscal, and administrative powers of subnational governments, while the center retains control. This severely limits the development potential of subnational governments.

scholarly journals Aspects of Corporate Governance in Developing Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD MAJID MAHMOOD BAGRAM ◽  
AKBAR ABBAS BANGASH ◽  
ZARA KIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research article throws light on the impacts of Corporate Governance in the developing countries particularly to Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil and Bangladesh. The paper starts with discussions on how and when there is an alteration in different features of company administration during the practice of financial advancing in Mexico. It encompasses ultimately the impact of transforms in the replica of business control regarding the expansion of the state e.g. enlargement in purchaser commodities in favour of central group buyers, growth revelation through home firms, fewer help in favour of community public schemes etc. The authors of this research article assert that problems of governance in Bangladesh are at the helm of affairs of its economy. We observed the data regarding governance of Bangladesh of period 1996-2004 and analysed these various governance dimensions out of the aforesaid economic progress analysis the key dimensions have been divulged. These are political governance, institution dimensions and technology dimensions. The political governance in Bangladesh has been paralysed from 1998 to 2004. When the performance of governance in Bangladesh become functional it had positively affected the economy. We cannot say the importance of company authority within growing kingdoms. The commercial domination might include a slightly different system than prevalent in the European countries and North America due to insufficient infrastructure and destroy governmental policy interventionism. We also throw light on important features of Brazilian firm’s changes after the application for communal power exercises. After making a deliberation on the implementation of joint supremacy in Brazil, Mexico, and Bangladesh and subsequently we have emphasized the impact of Corporate Governance and proper growth in Pakistan. The relationship between good governance and proper growth is proportional generally. Having studied different scenarios of the countries under remonstration, the writers have reached the conclusion that good governance is an essential component for upgrading the economies of developing countries because of these reasons it may be said that high-quality control leads towards a country obtain sky-scraping and frequent monetary increase through establishment of congenial environment for savings and investment, entrepreneurship, yielding implement upon manufacturers, generating constancy among marketplace, expansion in souks though elimination of hurdles/barriers towards inner job and progress over the competitors. Keywords: Business Control, Economic Development and Proper Growth.

The New Technopolitics of Development and the Global South as a Laboratory of Technological Experimentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Moe Fejerskov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Global South ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
The Political ◽  
The West ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary Technology

Science and technology have been integral issues of development cooperation for more than sixty years. Contrary to early efforts’ transfer of established technologies from the West to developing countries, contemporary technology aspirations increasingly articulate and practice the Global South as a live laboratory for technological experimentation. This approach is especially furthered by a group of private foundations and philanthrocapitalists whose endeavors in developing countries are, like their companies, shaped by logics of the individual, the market, and of societal progress through technological innovation and experimentation. This article draws upon critical intellectual thought about the political and social ramifications of technology to reflect on the renascent role of technology in development cooperation. It traces the discourses and practices of philanthrocapitalist organizations, in particular the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, to understand how their experimentalist technology aspirations influence human life and relations in the Global South. This article argues that this newfound focus on technology in development cooperation may challenge the essence of democracy, reduce participation, and have undesirable consequences for populations in the Global South.

scholarly journals The Impact of Remittances on Food Security Status in the Global South

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Ebadi ◽  
Davod Ahmadi ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽  
Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Global South ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Logistics Regression ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gallup World Poll

International remittances to developing countries attract increasing attention because of their rise in volume and their impact on the recipient countries. Receiving remittances from outside the country has become a household coping strategy that might reduce poverty, alleviate hunger, promote better diets and increase productive investments. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the link between receiving remittances and the food security status in the Global South countries. This is the first study that examines the association between food security and receiving remittances by using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) for individuals in the Global South. Data were obtained from the 2017 Gallup World Poll (GWP), which interviewed face-to-face 68,463 individuals in more than 60 countries. We have found a significant association between receiving remittances and food security. In the unadjusted logistics regression, irrespective of geography, severe food insecurity was significantly related to not receiving remittances (OR=1.532; P= 0.000). Although receiving remittances seems to positively affect the food security status of individuals in the GS, the association might not apply to all countries in the analyzed sample.

Determinants of innovation outputs in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ghazal ◽  
Muhamed Zulkhibri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation outputs proxied by number of patent applications, trademarks and industrial designs in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a panel data and Negative Binomial method to analyse the main determinants affecting the innovation outputs. Findings – The results implicitly suggest that providing a fertile ground to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) can lead to much better innovation outputs. The study also strongly supports the role of institutions and governance for increasing innovation activities in developing economies as indicated by positive impacts of governance factors in the model. However, the impact of economic freedom indicators on improving innovation outputs is mixed. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways: it examines the effect of FDI and research and development on innovation of selected developing countries; and the study uses a panel data approach to increase the accuracy of the results through exploiting the significant variations of innovation outputs across countries, while controlling for a larger number of innovation outputs and product determinants. To the authors knowledge, this is the first empirical study on the behaviour of innovation outputs for developing countries.

The impact of new information technology in the developing countries

1984 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Database System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Graphic Database

The major constraints to the use of new information tech nology in the developing countries are identified and discus ssed, and related to the setting up of a computerised biblio graphic database system. Examples of existing systems are given to provide guidelines as to how new technology can successfully be used in the developing countries despite these constraints. It is concluded that staff training, international cooperation and socio-political aspects (attitudes) are the prior ity areas for attention by the developing countries. New tech nology can be successfully introduced only if there is the political will and all involved are fully committed to the idea.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Political Process: Theoretical and Methodological Issues

wisdom ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Emil ORDUKHANYAN
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given ◽  
Important Basis

The political process, as one of political science primary categories, is an important basis for political analysis. The political reality is created as a result of human activity, and it is connected with interrelated political interests' realization aiming to achieve predefined goals. The article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of political process based on the analysis of relevant works in this field of study. The institutional, behavioral, structural-functional approaches as well as conflict, discourse, and other methods of political process analysis are examined.   Summing up the results of explored issues, we concluded that political process is a dynamic and nonlinear political phenomenon that can vary in time, taking into account the impact of various direct or indirect factors. A comparative analysis of political process research approaches has shown that any particular approach can be efficient only in an appropriate situation and political time. In case of other circumstances' presence, the same approach cannot be applied efficiently to a precise political process. It is also necessary to consider the peculiarities of political process due to the political culture model, dominant in the given society.

scholarly journals Coronomics, Financial support for the Economy and its Zombie-ing (In the Context of the Fifth Factor of Production)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
V. Papava ◽  
M. Chkuaseli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Character ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and the corresponding atypical economic crisis, the role of the economic ability of the government during this crisis, aspects of financial support for the economy and the peculiarities of the zombie economy. The aim of the study is to research the actions of the economic ability of the government as an independent factor of production in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the unfolding of the process of zombie-ing the economy. The research uses the methods of deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and abstraction. The special functions of the government are considered within the context of the economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; particularly, we refer to the recognition of the fifth factor of production of the economic ability of the government. The main features of this atypical crisis are characterized. It is shown that the process of deglobalization during the COVID-19 pandemic characterizes the deglobalization of the economic ability of the government and that this process is temporary, since overcoming the global phenomenon of the pandemic and the economic crisis caused by it requires exclusively global efforts and measures. Particular attention is focused on the financial support of the economy from the economic ability of the government within the context of this economic crisis. The conclusion is that this support contributes to the process of zombie-ing the economy which took on a global character during the global financial and economic crisis of 2007–2009 and continued after its completion. Zombie-ing the economy is the result of a conflict between the political interests of the government and its economic ability when the latter is not able to overcome the barrier created by the former. A solution to this problem is possible through changes in bankruptcy legislation when its main principle of avoiding the unwanted bankruptcy of firms will be replaced by the principle of liquidation of unviable firms. Such a change in bankruptcy legislation can be implemented only during the economic upswing.

scholarly journals Policy Communication and the Solidity of the Jokowi's Second Term Coalition in Handling Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eskol Tiar Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Government ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
Head Of Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has had a major impact on people's lives, has prompted the president and his cabinet members to respond with various policy stimuli. This study wants to see the solidity of the president's assistants in responding to President Jokowi's general policies in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic and analyze the causes of the ineffectiveness of policies taken with an applied communication approach the policy field. By using the literature study method, this research finds that the implementation of policies made by the president's assistants is not in line with the wishes of the president as the Head of Government. This is probably due to the political power dynamics contained in the Jokowi's second term coalition members. In addition, the interests of coalition members may impact the process and decision-making of a policy. The results of this study recommend that the government strengthen the role of the structure in charge of managing and ensuring that the policies taken by the president's assistants in handling Covid-19 are in line with the president's wishes. Furthermore, it is necessary to communicate the policy to all stakeholders involved in the policy process so that the policies taken in handling Covid-19 do not represent the political interests of coalition members. In addition, to maintain the solidity of the coalition cabinet in handling Covid-19, the positions of cabinet members involved in the policy implementation process must submit to the power of the President as Head of Government.

scholarly journals Decentralization reforms in Mozambique: The role of institutions in the definition of results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Forquilha
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Control ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decentralization Reforms

With the introduction of the economic reforms in the late 1980s, the opening up of the political arena and the end of the civil war in the early 1990s, the decentralization process began in Mozambique. Different research developed in recent years shows that, as is the case in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the impact of the decentralization reforms on the promotion of local development and the strengthening of democracy in Mozambique is modest. How can this modest impact be explained? Based on three important reforms in the decentralization process in Mozambique, namely the ‘7 million’, municipalization and decentralized provincial governance, this article seeks to answer this question by analysing how different aspects of the institutions affect the results of the reforms. The main argument in the article underlines the idea according to which the results of the decentralization reforms in Mozambique are constrained by the nature and by the operation mechanisms of the political system. Of these institutional factors/constraints, state capacity and independence from private interests, particularly political groups, stand out in the three reforms analysed throughout this article. In this context, the reforms develop according to group interests, particularly party political interests, which capture the state and use the reforms as a mechanism for maintaining and bolstering political power. In this sense, rather than being a means of improving the provision of public services and strengthening democracy, decentralization works more as an instrument for reinforcing state control and pandering to the elite. This is probably the biggest challenge decentralization is facing in Mozambique, therefore making it a fundamental issue to be taken into account in any reform in this area, within the context of strengthening democracy and promoting local development.

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