scholarly journals Effectuation, network-building and internationalisation speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shameen Prashantham ◽  
Kothandaraman Kumar ◽  
Suresh Bhagavatula ◽  
Saras D Sarasvathy
Keyword(s):  
New Venture ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Causal Network ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
International Scope ◽  
Network Building ◽  
Causal Approach ◽  
Entry Speed ◽  
Initial Entry

We extend research on the speed of new venture internationalisation by distinguishing between effectual and non-effectual (i.e. causal) network-building approaches, and conceptualising their differential effects on the dimensions of initial entry speed, country (i.e. international) scope speed and international commitment speed. Drawing upon the extant literature on internationalisation speed, network building and effectuation theory, we argue that an effectual approach to network-building is positively associated with initial entry speed and international scope speed, but negatively associated with international commitment speed, while a causal approach is negatively associated with initial entry speed and international scope speed, but positively associated with international commitment speed. In addition, we contribute to effectuation scholarship by elaborating on the causal–effectual distinction in network-building and offering internationalisation speed as an important and interesting outcome variable.

Associations Between Women’s Experiences of Sexual Violence and Forgiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meghan Davidson ◽  
Nicole M. Lozano ◽  
Brian P. Cole ◽  
Sarah J. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Forgiveness Of Others

The purpose of this study was to examine forgiveness and sexual violence among college women. Undergraduate women (N = 503) completed an online survey assessing experiences of sexual violence and forgiveness. Simultaneous multivariate regressions revealed that experiencing more sexual violence was associated with more revenge and avoidance, and less benevolence. Furthermore, findings indicated that more experiences of sexual violence were negatively associated with forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of uncontrollable situations. This work begins to fill critical gaps in the extant literature because it is the only study to date that examines sexual violence and the positive psychological construct of forgiveness. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Attachments to Mother, Father, and Romantic Partner as Predictors of Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110641
Author(s):  
Hanna Zagefka ◽  
Natalya Andrew ◽  
Brigitte Boelen ◽  
Olivia Cummings ◽  
Ruby Denton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
General Life Satisfaction ◽  
Attachment To Mother

Two correlational survey studies were conducted among adult samples (Ns  =  205; 697) to test the effects on general life satisfaction of attachment to three close others: mother, father, and romantic partner. Results showed that attachment to mother and father also matter in adulthood, in that they are associated with adult life satisfaction. Secure attachments to mother and father were positively associated with life satisfaction, and anxious and avoidant attachments to mother and father were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Moreover, attachment to the romantic partner was also related to life satisfaction, so that secure attachment was positively related to life satisfaction, and anxious and avoidant attachments were negatively related to the outcome variable. Importantly, attachment to mother and father were still significant predictors of life satisfaction when effects of attachment to the current romantic partner were controlled for. The effects of parental attachments on life satisfaction were not mediated by attachment to the romantic partner. Theoretical and applied implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Delivering School-Based Sexuality Education: Examining Determinants of Teachers' Intention To Teach, Co-Teach or Invite a Sexual Health Educator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Descheneaux ◽  
Joanne Otis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Sexuality Education ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Moral Norm ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Descriptive Norm ◽  
Health Educator ◽  
Negatively Associated

Abstract BackgroundSchools need to collaborate with health network to actualize their important role in promoting sexual health among students. Studies focus on determinants of teacher’s intention to deliver sexuality education (SE), but do not take into consideration the specificity of the action and the context, i.e., the multiple teaching strategies they could choose. Teachers can deliver SE by (a) teaching students alone, (b) co-teaching, (c) inviting a sexual health educator in their classroom. The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychosocial determinants of teachers' intention to deliver SE in any of those roles, using a theory-based approach.MethodsGodin's (2012) health behavior change theoretical framework - an integrated version of Ajzen's planned behavior theoretical framework, Triandis's interpersonal behaviors, and Banduras's social cognitive theory - was used to measure teachers' intentions and determinants to do SE. A 66-minute online questionnaire was sent to teachers at a school service center in Quebec. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between the independent variables (determinants of intention) and the intention to teach alone SE, co-teach, or invite a sexual health educator.ResultsA total of 295 teachers from 51 elementary and 12 secondary schools were selected for analyses. Nearly 40% (39.9%) of the study participants had a favorable intention to teach SE alone to their students, 36.2% by co-teaching and 76.5% by inviting a sexual health educator. The main predictors of intention were respectively: a) for the teaching SE alone model (R2=58%): self-efficacy in sexual health education (OR = 6.07; p < .001), followed by moral norm (OR = 5.35; p < .001), descriptive norm (OR = 3.37; p < .01), comfort teaching the SE curriculum (OR = 3.09; p < .01), and past experience (OR = 2.89; p < .01). Age was also negatively associated with the outcome variable (OR = 0.92; p < .001). b) For the co-teaching model (R2=46%): moral norm (OR = 7.97; p < .001), followed by educational attainment (OR = 3.40; p < .05), teaching multi-age or multi-grade groups (OR = 2.36; p < .05), and self-efficacy with working in partnership (OR = 1.27; p < .05). Further, age (OR = .93; p < .001) and gender (OR = .44; p < .05) were negatively associated with the outcome variable. c) For the inviting sexual health educator model (R2=55%): moral norm (OR = 3.81; p < .001), followed by anticipated regret (OR = 2.45; p < .05), and descriptive norm (OR = 2.38; p < .05). Teachers who reported feeling comfortable teaching the SE curriculum (OR = .45; p < .05) were less likely to intend inviting a sexual health educator.ConclusionsResults indicate that determinants of teacher intention are relatively distinct depending on whether teachers make the decision to teach SE to their students alone, co-teach, or invite a sexual health educator in their classroom. The study further suggests complementary strategies being adopted by schools to optimize implementation of SE program.

Initial entry speed and international performance of INVs

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Huang ◽  
Guangyu Ye ◽  
Suqin Shen
Keyword(s):  
New Ventures ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
International New Ventures ◽  
Learning Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Performance ◽  
Upper Echelons Theory ◽  
National Institutions ◽  
Entry Speed ◽  
Initial Entry

Purpose In the literature concerning international new ventures (INVs), there has been a tension between the learning advantages of newness and absorptive capacity perspectives for explaining the performance influence of initial entry speed. To address this tension, this paper, through integrating both the motivation and ability to acquire foreign knowledge, proposes a theoretical model about the nonlinear relationship between INVs’ initial entry speed and international performance. Drawing upon upper echelons theory and the institution-based view, this study aims to extend the literature by developing two boundary conditions for this relationship: the moderating role of executives’ individual learning orientation and sub-national institutions. Design/methodology/approach The authors used the latent moderated structural equations approach specific to Mplus to test the hypotheses with data on 322 Chinese INVs. Findings The findings indicate that INVs’ international performance will increase initially and then decrease, as they accelerate initial entry speed (an inverted U-shaped relationship), and that INVs managed by executives with a higher learning orientation and located in better sub-national institutional environments achieve greater international growth gains from moderate initial entry speed. Originality/value This study mainly makes contributions to the INV literature by integrating the motivation and ability to acquire foreign knowledge to offer full understanding of the effect of initial entry speed on international performance, and by elaborating on the moderating effects of executives’ individual learning orientation and sub-national institutions on this relationship.

CASE STUDIES ON WHAT ENTREPRENEURS ACTUALLY DO TO ATTRACT RESOURCES: A TWO-ROUTE FRAMEWORK

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 323-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIGUEL PEREIRA LOPES ◽  
MIGUEL PINA E. CUNHA ◽  
PATRICIA JARDIM DA PALMA
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
New Venture ◽  
New Venture Creation ◽  
Venture Creation ◽  
Network Building ◽  
Entrepreneurship Theory ◽  
Attraction Effects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Efforts ◽  
Critical Resources

Taking a grounded approach, we devised a framework to explain how entrepreneurs attract critical resources to venture creation and development. The study was based on qualitative data from a series of interviews with thirteen entrepreneurs conducted in a sample of six case studies. The framework distinguishes two routes that entrepreneurs use to attract resources for their ventures: idea selling, referring to how the entrepreneurs seek to engage others within the venture and to persuade them to support their entrepreneurial efforts; and network building, concerning the attraction effects of the entrepreneurs' social network positions and venture legitimacy. The framework adds to entrepreneurship theory by proposing a conceptual model of resource gathering strategies in new venture creation and development.

scholarly journals Compassionate and respectful care among outpatient clients at public health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia: A mixed-methods study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252444
Author(s):  
Manaye Abate ◽  
Ayal Debie ◽  
Chalie Tadie Tsehay ◽  
Tsegaw Amare
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Respectful Care

Introduction Compassionate and respectful care is a pillar for improving health-seeking behaviour. It has given much attention globally, following the concerns that healthcare often falls significantly; however, less research emphasis was paid in the last decade. Therefore, this study aims to assess compassionate and respectful care and associated factors among outpatient clients at public health facilities in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. Methods A facility-based quantitative cross-sectional study supplemented with the qualitative findings was conducted from 30 February to 30 March 2020. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data among 593 participants. Systematic and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the quantitative and qualitative participants, respectively. A semi-structured interview guide was also employed for the qualitative data collection. Epi-Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. The bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the factors associated with each outcome variable (compassionate and respectful care separately). Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value less than 0.05 were used to declare the strength and factors statistically associated with the outcome variables. Results Overall, 72.8% and 82.6% of the respondents experienced compassionate and respectful care, respectively. Patients attending primary or above education (AOR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.21–0.59), attending at the hospital (AOR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.39–0.88), new clients (AOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.16–0.70) and service users who had three or more visits (AOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.17–0.71) were negatively associated with compassionate care. On the other hand, female patients (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.32–0.87), aged over 36 years (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20–0.90), primary or above school attended clients (AOR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09–0.36), waiting two or more hours (AOR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.13–0.62), and use public or private transport access (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29–0.83) were negatively associated with a respectful care. Conclusion Compassionate and respectful care provided to the outpatient clients in public health facilities of northwest Ethiopia was high. However, our result suggests that immediate actions are necessary to address respectful and compassionate care at hospitals, and hospital management should adopt mitigation measures. Consideration should be given to foster patient-centric services and educate the health care workers about compassionate and respectful care.

How CEO Narcissism Predicts Initial-Entry and Post-Entry Speed of Internationalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 21651
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Li ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Min-Huei Yang ◽  
Yanzhao Tang
Keyword(s):  
Entry Speed ◽  
Post Entry ◽  
Ceo Narcissism ◽  
Initial Entry

scholarly journals Polygyny and Resources for Empowerment and Equality in Anglo-Phone West Africa: Implications for Childbearing and Women’s Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Bola Lukman Solanke ◽  
Joseph Ayodeji Kupoluyi ◽  
John Olugbenga Abe ◽  
Olatunji Taofik Bankole
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
The Relationship

In West Africa, polygyny remained a common type of marriage. However, in spite of numerous studies exploring polygyny, the relationship between polygyny and access to resources for empowerment and equality is not well-ascertained in West Africa. This study addresses this gap by raising the question: to what extent does polygyny explains access to resources for empowerment and equality among married women? Data were extracted from 2013 Demographic and Health Surveys in The Gambia, Nigeria and Sierra-Leone. The outcome variable is access to resources for empowerment and equality measured by access to education, employment and barriers to accessing health care. The key explanatory variable is type of marriage with specific attention to polygyny. Multivariate multiple regression was applied using Stata 12. Results showed that polygyny was negatively associated with access to education in the studied countries; positively associated with access to employment in the studied countries; and negatively associated with access to health in Nigeria and Sierra Leone. It is important to refocus national attention to improving the capabilities of women because economic empowerment will not only improve women’s well-being, it will also translate to the reduction of childbearing pressures among women.

scholarly journals Impact of Protein and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Injuries in Army Initial Entry Training Soldiers

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin McGinnis ◽  
Jeremy McAdam ◽  
Christopher Lockwood ◽  
Kaelin Young ◽  
Michael Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injury ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Versus ◽  
Initial Entry

This project investigated whey protein and/or carbohydrate supplementation effects on musculoskeletal injury (MSI) outcomes. Four groups of Initial Entry Training soldiers consumed either: (1) one protein (38.6 g, 293 kcal); (2) one carbohydrate (63.4 g, 291 kcal); (3) two protein (77.2 g, 586 kcal); or (4) two carbohydrate servings/day (126.8 g, 582 kcal) after physical training and before bed, or before bed only. Odds Ratio, Chi-square and Wilcoxon ranked-sum test compared supplementation/no supplementation, number of servings, and protein/carbohydrate for MSI and limited/missed duty rates and limited/missed training days. Non-matched pairs group averages were compared to 2015/2016 historical data. Non-supplemented soldiers were approximately 5× more likely to sustain a MSI (χ2 = 58.48, p < 0.001) and 4× more likely to miss training (χ2 = 9.73, p = 0.003) compared to two servings. Non-supplemented soldiers missed five additional training days compared to two servings (W = 6059.5, p = 0.02). Soldiers consuming one serving were approximately 3× more likely to sustain a MSI than two servings (χ2 = 9.55, p = 0.002). There was no difference in limited/missed duty rates or limited/missed training days between consuming one or two servings. There was no difference between consuming one serving versus no supplementation or protein versus carbohydrate supplementation for any outcome variable. Soldiers consuming 2 servings/day of protein or carbohydrate had lower MSI rates, limited/missed duty rates, and limited/ missed training days compared to non-supplemented soldiers.

scholarly journals Umbilical cord serum concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and the body mass index changes from birth to 5 1/2 years of age

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanobu Horikoshi ◽  
Tomoko Nishimura ◽  
Yoko Nomura ◽  
Toshiki Iwabuchi ◽  
Hiroaki Itoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Perfluorooctane Sulfonate ◽  
Perfluorooctanoic Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Cord Serum

AbstractPrenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been reported to affect body weight from birth to childhood, but the results remain inconclusive. We investigated whether umbilical cord blood concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are associated with children’s risk trajectory for obesity. 600 children were randomly selected from the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC study) and their umbilical cord serum PFAS concentrations were quantified. Participants underwent BMI measurements at ages 1, 4, 10, 18, 24, 32, 40, 50, and 66 months. Growth curve modeling with random intercept was performed with standardized BMI as outcome variable. PFOS was negatively associated with standardized BMI (β =  − 0.34; p = 0.01), with a marginally significant interaction with the child’s age (β = 0.0038; p = 0.08). PFOA was negatively associated with standardized BMI (β =  − 0.26, 95% CI − 0.51, 0; p = 0.05), with a significant interaction with the child’s age (β = 0.005; p = 0.01). Stratified analysis by sex revealed that these effects were significant only among girls. Prenatal exposure to PFAS initially was associated with lower standardized BMI during infancy, but this effect dissipated over time and reversed in direction during later childhood. The effects of prenatal PFAS on higher standardized BMI is stronger in girls.

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