Organizational Requirements and the Introduction of Information Technology in Courtrooms: A Case Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Poulson ◽  
Neil Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Requirements Definition ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Organizational Requirements

Traditional methods of systems design have tended to concentrate on capturing functional requirements and from them develop a system that will provide users with a technical solution to a problem they may have. However, there is a growing understanding, with historical origins in sociotechnical systems theory, that technical solutions alone, regardless of how well designed, may not succeed fully unless there is a concomitant understanding of the organization into which the technical solution is to be introduced. Organizational requirements, therefore, should become considerations of equal importance to systems designers. The ESPRIT Project ORDIT (organizational requirements definition for information technology) has developed a methodology which identifies and operationalizes organizational requirements for IT systems. This paper presents a case study in which the ORDIT concepts are applied to the process of introducing an IT system into a courtroom.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Framework to Avoid Serial Failure for New Technical Solutions Applied to the Construction of a CLT Structure Resilient to Climate

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Charlotte Svensson Tengberg ◽  
Carl-Eric Hagentoft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Technical Solutions

Design-build contractors are challenged with the task of minimizing failure risks when introducing new technical solutions or adapting technical solutions to new conditions, e.g., climate change. They seem to have a disproportional trust in suppliers and their reference cases and might not have adequate resources or methodologies for sufficient evaluation. This creates the potential for serial failures to spread in the construction industry. To mitigate this, it was suggested that a predefined risk assessment framework should be introduced with the aim of providing a prequalification and requirements for the use of the technical solution. The objectives of this paper are to develop a comprehensive risk assessment framework and to explore the framework’s potential to adequately support the design-build contractor’s decisions. The framework uses qualitative assessment, relying on expert workshops and quantitative assessments, with a focus on simulation and probabilities. Tollgates are used to communicate risk assessments to the contractor. The framework is applied to a real-life case study of construction with a CLT-structure for a Swedish design-build contractor, where exposure to precipitation during construction is a key issue. In conclusion, the chosen framework was successful in a design-build contractor context, structuring the process and identifying difficulties in achieving the functional requirements concerning moisture. Three success factors were: documentation and communication, expert involvement, and the use of tollgates. Recommendations to the design-build contractor on construction of CLT structure are to keep construction period short and to use full weather protection on site.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity Threat Modelling: A Case Study of An Ecommerce Platform Migration to the Public Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bamidele Ola ◽  
Iyobor Egho-Promise
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Public Cloud ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
It Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Threat Modelling

The emergence of ecommerce almost three decades ago has completely transformed the approach to purchasing goods and services across various countries in the world. Almost every country in the globe, now have some form of ecommerce operations, this has further been enhanced by the stay at home COVID-19 induced lockdowns. The value and volume of transactions has also increased in transactions. However, there has been security concerns impacting ecommerce operations, which has in part, led to increasing adoption of hosting ecommerce systems in the public cloud. Threat modelling offer mechanisms to enhance the security of information technology (IT) systems. In this paper, we apply different threat modelling techniques to decompose the migration of an on-premise hosted ecommerce system to the public cloud and also evaluate these threat modelling techniques.

Local Sociotechnical System Development in the NHS National Programme for Information Technology

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Eason
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
System Development ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Design Work ◽  
National Programme ◽  
Sociotechnical System ◽  
Sociotechnical Systems Design ◽  
The Impact

The National Programme for Information Technology is implementing standard electronic healthcare systems across the National Health Service Trusts in England. This paper reports the responses of the Trusts and their healthcare teams to the applications in the programme as they are being implemented. It concludes that, on the basis of the data available, it is likely that the emergent behaviour of healthcare staff will serve to minimise the impact of the systems. The paper looks at the opportunities within the programme to undertake local sociotechnical system design to help staff exploit the opportunities of the new electronic systems. It concludes that there are opportunities and offers one case study example in a Mental Health Trust. However, it concludes that there are many aspects of the technical systems themselves and also of the approach to implementation, that limit the opportunities for local sociotechnical systems design work.

Boundaries of Socio-Technical Systems and IT for Knowledge Development in Military Environments

2012 ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Gil-Ad Ariely
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Stressful Environment ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Point Of Reference

This article explores the boundaries of socio-technical IT systems for knowledge development, using military environments in a case study approach. The need to examine the effects of socio-technical convergence of human systems and computer systems is emerging in many fields. The article examines both the risks and the potential in military critical-environments for early adoption of socio-technical systems. The author addresses risks for creative knowledge creation by too-early adoption of information technology and the effects on socio-technical systems and sense-making. Such risks are more easily highlighted in a critical, stressful environment (stressful for man, machine, and their co-operation) with high-stakes. However, examined military environments are proposed as point of reference leading to further research in other sectors. The author argues for a socio-technical analysis before, during, and after adoption of new systems, especially those relating to knowledge development, reviewing boundaries created. Finally, the author discusses the future promise of socio-technical convergence of man-machine for knowledge development.

Politics and Pain in Managing Information Technology: A Case Study from Insurance

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Knights ◽  
Fergus Murray
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
System Development ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Study Material ◽  
It Systems

Drawing on case study material, this paper explores the politics of career and resource competition that is a medium and outcome of IT investment strategies and system development priorities. This is achieved by examining the manner in which different managers and operating divisions in the case study organization perceive and pursue distinct IT priorities. This they do by involving particular constructions of 'markets', 'technology', and 'organization'. The paper argues that the difficulties encountered around the development of IT systems in the case study company are symptomatic of tensions which are a condition and conse quence of struggles over resource allocation and career advancement within management. These activities necessarily generate considerable political activity which has potentially painful consequences for actors tied into power/identity relations in the modem organization.

scholarly journals Information Technologies in Complex Socio-Technical Systems Based on Functional Variability: A Case Study on HVAC Maintenance Work Orders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Ivenio T. de Souza ◽  
Ana Carolina Rosa ◽  
Mario C. R Vidal ◽  
Mohammad K. Najjar ◽  
Ahmed W A Hammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Requirements Elicitation ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Resilience Engineering ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Requirements Specifications ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Technical Systems

Information technology (IT) systems are known to promote improvements in quality and productivity of the work environments of complex and adaptive socio-technical systems that span hardware, community and software aspects. Systems development lies in eliciting and specifying requirements. However, current requirements of elicitation techniques are limited to correctly understanding the complexity involved in socio-technical systems. Therefore, approaches based on Resilience Engineering can provide concepts and methods for a better understanding of socio-technical systems’ functioning. This study aims to increase the application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in the requirements elicitation process. Specifically, understanding variability and its role in enhancing the requirements elicitation and specification process for the design/redesign of IT systems in complex socio-technical systems deployed in building maintenance is the main goal. This study proposes the merging of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) and Resilience Engineering concepts with Software Engineering. A case study was performed with workers to produce requirements specifications for work order issuing activity. This case study indicates the usefulness of the proposed approach for the specification of functional requirements to redesign the IT system examined. FRAM enables inferences to be made from hidden or fuzzy situations that are often not expressed by system users or are not detected by the system designer.

scholarly journals VIOLATION OF PATENT RIGHTS ON VIDEO RECORDING TECHNOLOGY (case study of SONY & RED camera manufacturers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
wahyu ferdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Recording Technology ◽  
Patent Rights ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Ipr Protection

The term "patent" we often hear is widely used by the wider community and is noteven misunderstood as the equivalent of the term intellectual property rightsthemselves. But actually, patents are just one of many forms of IPR protection. Patentis the protection of intellectual property rights for intellectual works that aretechnological in nature, also known as inventions, and contain technical solutions /solutions to problems found in existing technologies.For example, the small nail found by Levi Strauss to be installed at the ends of a jeanspocket, for example, which was later awarded a patent in the United States in 1873,contained a technical solution to the problem of loose-fitting pocket denim pants atthe time, considering the usage outdoor with a high enough intensity. Patentinventions can be products or processes. For example, combustion on a motorizedvehicle engine that aims to produce exhaust emissions that are more environmentallyfriendly. Both the method and the process of how the combustion is carried out, andthe machine that applies the combustion method and process, both of which can bepatented respectively as process patents and product patents.Keywords: Patents and inventions

scholarly journals Analysis of the Challenges and Technical Solutions for Revitalization of Traditional Buildings in Hot and Humid Climate (Case Study: Anthropology Museum of Local Residents in Kish Island)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush Nikeghbali ◽  
Ali Damavandi
Keyword(s):  
Technical Solution ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Infrastructure Design ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Hot And Humid Climate ◽  
Technical Solutions

In every nation ancient buildings are rich sources for inspiration from local traditional architecture. Manu of such buildings still have potentials for conservation and renovation. This article reviews the issue of revitalization of old traditional buildings in south part of Iran with hot and humid climate. The key technical challenges of revitalization and renovation of such buildings were explored via literature review. Then, the technical solution for such challenges were identified via cases study analysis. In order to reach comprehensive and practical solutions, tree key field of built environment studies which are architecture, structure and infrastructure design were explored together. The case study for this research was the project of revitalization of a traditional building into “Anthropology Museum of Local Residents” in Kish Island. The analysis and case study showed that most of the technical challenges for revitalization of such buildings are resolvable via simple solutions. Based on this, economic and socio-cultural supports of local authorities and planning departments are necessary in order to make such revitalization projects more feasible.

Working IT Out in Medical Practice: IT Systems Design and Development as Co-Realisation

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hartswood ◽  
P. Rouchy ◽  
M. Rouncefield ◽  
R. Slack ◽  
A. Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Development Work ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Work Site ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Novel Method

Summary Objectives: The paper explores possibilities for situating IT design and development work within the context of use so as to support the co-realisation of technology and ‘design in use’. The aim is to build a new understanding between IT professionals and users which is grounded upon what happens as the latter grapple with the problems of applying IT, appropriating its functionalities and affordances into their work practices and relations. Methods: Following a discussion of participatory design and ethnomethodology, a novel method called co-realisation, which aims to provide a synthesis of the preceding methods, is suggested as an alternative. Through a discussion of findings from a case study of IT systems design and development in healthcare we show how the co-realisation approach might provide work-affording systems and how user-designer relations might be reformulated. We suggest that work-affording systems can be developed through the deployment of an engaged facilitator who works with the users to unpack the work site-specific potentialities of technology. Results: The case study shows how risk of non-adoption might be minimised through the development of partnerships, and how the presence of the facilitator in the workplace capitalises on the mundane work undertaken therein and how the facilitator might work with the users to develop artefacts that support this work as opposed to reconfiguring it. Conclusions: The case study illustrates co-realisation in action and how it might be seen to reconfigure relations between users and designers in a way that appears productive. Co-realisation can help address the widely observed problem of IT systems failures in healthcare.

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