Orbitofrontal cortex volume prospectively predicts cannabis and other substance use onset in adolescents

Background: Identifying neural characteristics that predict cannabis initiation is important for prevention efforts. The orbitofrontal cortex is critical for reward response and may be vulnerable to substance-induced alterations. Aims: We measured orbitofrontal cortex thickness, surface area, and volume prior to the onset of use to predict cannabis involvement during an average nine-year follow-up. Methods: Adolescents ( n=118) aged 12–15 years completed baseline behavioral assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scans, then were followed up to 13 years with annual substance use interviews. Logistic regression examined baseline (pre-substance use) bilateral medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex characteristics (volume, surface area, or cortex thickness) as predictors of regular cannabis use by follow-up. Post-hoc multinomial logistic regression assessed whether orbitofrontal cortex characteristics significantly predicted either alcohol use alone or cannabis+alcohol co-use. Brain-behavior relationships were assessed through follow-up correlations of baseline relationships between orbitofrontal cortex and executive functioning, reward responsiveness, and behavioral approach traits. Results: Larger left lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume predicted classification as cannabis user by follow-up ( p=0.025, odds ratio=1.808). Lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume also predicted cannabis+alcohol co-user status ( p=0.008, odds ratio=2.588), but not alcohol only status. Larger lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume positively correlated with greater baseline reward responsiveness ( p=0.030, r=0.348). There were no significant results by surface area or cortex thickness ( ps>0.05). Conclusions: Larger left lateral orbitofrontal cortex measured from ages 12–15 years and prior to initiation of substance use was related to greater reward responsiveness at baseline and predicted classification as a cannabis user and cannabis+alcohol co-user by final follow-up. Larger lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume may represent aberrant orbitofrontal cortex maturation and increasing vulnerability for later substance use.

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A long-term evaluation of Facebook for recruitment and retention in the ENDIA type 1 diabetes pregnancy-birth cohort study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34049 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kelly J McGorm ◽

James David Brown ◽

Rebecca Louise Thomson ◽

Helena Oakey ◽

Belinda Moore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Recruitment And Retention

BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention of research participants is challenging. Social media, particularly Facebook, has emerged as a tool for connecting with participants due to its high uptake in the community. The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study is an Australia-wide prospective pregnancy-birth cohort following children who have a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes (ACTRN1261300794707). A dedicated Facebook page was established for the ENDIA study in 2013 with the aim to enhance recruitment and support participant retention. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the long-term impact of Facebook as a recruitment and retention tool. The hypotheses were that (1) Facebook was an important source of referral to the ENDIA study, (2) the sociodemographic characteristics of participants recruited by Facebook would be different from those of participants recruited by other means (i.e., ‘conventional recruits’), and (3) recruitment by Facebook would be associated with long-term retention. We also evaluated the most effective types of Facebook content based on post engagement. METHODS Recruitment of 1511 ENDIA participants was completed in December 2019. Characteristics of participants recruited through Facebook were compared to conventional recruits using linear, logistic, and multinomial logistic regression models. A logistic regression model was used to determine the risk of study withdrawal. Data pertaining to 794 Facebook posts over 7.5 years from June 2013 until December 2020 were extracted using the Facebook ‘Insights’ function for thematic analysis. RESULTS Facebook was the third largest source of referral to the ENDIA study (300/1511; 19.9%) behind in-person clinics (500/1511, 33.1%) and healthcare professional referrals (347/1511, 23.0%). The ENDIA Facebook page had 2337 followers at the close of recruitment. Approximately 20% of these could be identified as participating parents. Facebook recruits were more frequently Australian-born (P<.001) enrolling postnatally (P=.01) and withdrew from the study at a significantly lower rate compared to conventional recruits (4.7% vs 12.3%; P<.001) after a median of follow-up of 3.3 years. CONCLUSIONS Facebook was a valuable recruitment tool for the ENDIA study and participants recruited through Facebook were three times less likely to withdraw during long-term follow-up. The sociodemographic characteristics of Facebook recruits were different to conventional recruits, but perhaps in unintended ways. Facebook content featuring stories and images of participants received the highest engagement despite the fact that most Facebook followers were not enrolled in the study. These findings should inform social media strategies for future cohort studies involving pregnant women and young families, and for type 1 diabetes risk studies. CLINICALTRIAL Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN1261300794707 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-124

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Physiological Exophoria Did Not Increase The Incidence of Myopia in Rural School Children in Taiwan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-701227/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jui-Hung Hsu ◽

Li-Ju Lai ◽

Tao-Hsin Tung ◽

Wei-Hsiu Hsu

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

School Students

Abstract Purpose:This study evaluated the incidence rate and risk factors for developing myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan.Methods:This prospective cohort study comprised 1816 students without myopia (grades 1 to 5 in Chiayi County). The students underwent a noncycloplegic ocular alignment examinations using an autorefractometer and completed a questionnaires at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. A univariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of the categorical variables on new cases of myopia. A multinomial logistic regression was then conducted. A chi-squared test was used to compare new cases of myopia in terms of ocular alignment. A Cox hazard ratio model was then used to validate factors associated with changes in ocular alignment. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.Results: In 370 participants with new cases of myopia out of 1816 participants, a spherical error of −1.51 ± 0.6 diopters was noted at follow-up. The baseline ocular alignment was not a significant risk factor for developing myopia (exophoria vs orthophoria: OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.97-1.62; other vs. orthophoria: OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.73-1.82). However, new cases of myopia (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.61), and baseline ocular alignment (exophoria vs orthophoria: HR 3.76, 95% CI 3.20-4.42; other vs orthophoria: HR 3.02, 95% CI 2.05-4.45) were associated with exophoria at follow-up.Conclusions: This study provided epidemiological data on the incidence of myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan. It also demonstrated that physiological exophoria does not predispose patients to developing myopia.

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P1372PRE-DIALYSIS HAEMOGLOBIN TARGET ATTAINMENT AND POST-DIALYSIS OUTCOMES IN PERSONS WITH RENAL ANAEMIA: A NATIONWIDE STUDY

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Yang Xu ◽

Marie Evans ◽

Franz Peter Barany ◽

Glen James ◽

Katarina Hedman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Renal Anemia ◽

Target Range ◽

Guideline Recommendation ◽

Nationwide Study ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Dialysis Outcomes

Abstract Background and Aims Attaining the narrow hemoglobin range (10-12 g/dL) recommended by current ERBP renal anemia guidelines may be difficult, and whether this leads to better outcomes is not well known. This study aimed to identify patient and clinical factors associated with difficulties in maintaining hemoglobin target ranges in routine non-dialysis nephrologist care. We also evaluated whether adherence to ERBP hemoglobin recommendations during pre-dialysis care predicted early post-dialysis outcomes. Method Observational study from the Swedish Renal Registry including all patients with non-dialysis dependent CKD stages 3b-5 developing renal anemia or initiating treatment (iron, ESA or both) between 2012-2016. Through multinomial logistic regression with clustered variance, we identified clinical conditions associated to serum hemoglobin values outside the ERBP recommended range (<10 and >12 g/dL) throughout all recorded patient visits until death, dialysis or end of follow-up. For those who initiated dialysis, we calculated the proportion of patient-time in which hemoglobin was maintained within range (time in range [TIR]). We then explored associations between TIR and subsequent one-year risk of death or MACE (composite of death caused by CVD and non-fatal MI, stroke, heart failure) with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results A total 8106 patients with CKD 3b-5 developed incident anemia in Sweden during 2012-2016, contributing with 37422 nephrology visits during median 2 years of follow up. In multinomial logistic regression, being a man and having received iron or higher ESA doses was associated with hemoglobin values outside target range. Patients with CKD 3b and 4, ongoing transplant, history of CVD, or with higher serum calcium and albumin levels had higher odds of maintaining hemoglobin values above range. Conversely, recent bleeding or transfusions, nephrosclerosis, inflammation (CRP>5 mg/dl), and higher phosphate levels increased the odds of having hemoglobin values below range. A total 2435 patients initiated maintenance dialysis during the study period. Of those, 327 died and 701 developed MACE during the subsequent year. Their median TIR during their pre-dialysis period was 44% (IQR: 34-50). On a continuous scale (FIGURE), we observed worse outcomes for patients with poor guideline recommendation adherence (low percentage TIR), although the association was judged weak. On a categorical scale, patients that spent more than 40% of their pre-dialysis TIR had lower hazards of death (0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.80) and MACE (0.67, 95% CI, 0.54-0.84) compared to those with <44% TIR. Conclusion This nationwide study reports that greater adherence to ERBP anemia guidelines during pre-dialysis care, using existing conventional therapeutic approaches, is associated with better post-dialysis outcomes. Whether active interaction by healthcare practitioners affected the observed relationship needs to be further explored.

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P1573 Late recovery of left ventricular function in patients with non-severe ischemic mitral regurgitation and multivessel disease qualified to cardiosurgery treatment

European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1093/ehjci/jez319.993 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

R Piatkowski ◽

J Kochanowski ◽

M Budnik ◽

M Grabowski ◽

P Scislo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Left Ventricle ◽

Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Late Recovery

Abstract Late recovery of left ventricular function in patients with non-severe ischemic mitral regurgitation and multivessel disease qualified to cardiosurgery treatment. Purpose In patients (pts) after myocardial infarction (MI) with chronic left ventricle (LV) dysfunction, the presence and degree of ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) are predominantly related to LV remodelling and mitral valvular deformation. The aim of this study was to compare functional recovery (LVFR) as well as reverse remodelling of the left ventricle (LVRR) in pts with non-severe IMR qualified for cardiosurgical treatment - coronary artery bypass grafting alone (CABGa) or CABG with mitral repair (CABGmr in the 12-month follow-up. Materials and methods A total of 100 pts (mean age 64,4 ± 7,9 years) after MI, eligible for CABG, were included in a prospective study. Echo and clinical assessment were performed before and 12-months after surgery. Pts were referred for CABG a(gr.1; n = 74) or CABGmr (gr.2; n = 26) based on clinical assessment, 2D echo at rest and exercise and myocardial viability assessment (low dose dobutamine - dbx). Effective regurgitation orifice area (EROA) was used for quantitative IMR assessment. An increase in EF≥ 5% (ΔEF) from baseline value was considered as LVFR. A decrease in LV end-systolic volume > 15% from baseline value was considered as LVRR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the strongest factors of lack of LVFR and LVRR. Results An LVFR was observed, at late control, in 35 (49%) of pts in the CABGa group and in 11 (48%) of pts in CABGmr group (p = 0,948). LVRR was observed in 41 (56%) of pts in the CABGa group and in 16 (70%) of pts in CABGmr group 12 months follow-up (p = 0,5). In pts with LVFR, there was a lower incidence of at least moderate IMR at follow-up (ΔEF dbx≥5% vs ΔEFdbx < 5%:11% vs 30% pts; p = 0,05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that in both CABGa and CABGmr group only preoperative age and EF changes during stress echo remained the independent predictors of the lack of LVFR in 12 months follow-up (table 1). Conclusions 1. LVFR and LVRR were reported in most of the pts in both analyzed groups. 2. Preoperative assessment of changes EF during dbx (ΔEFdbx)can be used to identify pts with IMR at increased risk of lack of improvement in LV function and risk of residual IMRin 12-month f-up after surgery. Parameters Odds ratio (OR) Odds ratio (OR) p CABGa vs CABGmr 0,644 0,215 - 1,927 0,432 Age (increase by every 5 years) 1,11 1,039 - 1,879 0,003 ΔEF dbx (increase by every 5%) 0,21 0,096 - 0,46 <0,001 Table 1. Prognostic factors lack improvement in left ventricle function.

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Circulating t-PA antigen predicts major adverse coronary events in patients with stable coronary artery disease – a 13-year follow-up

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th02-10-0185 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (08) ◽

pp. 344-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Alexander Niessner ◽

Senta Graf ◽

Mariam Nikfardjam ◽

Walter Speidl ◽

Renate Huber-Beckmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Coronary Events ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Prognostic Power

SummaryThrombus formation after rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque plays a crucial role in coronary artery disease (CAD). A decreased endogenous fibrinolytic system and prothrombotic factors are supposed to influence coronary thrombosis. It was our aim to investigate the predictive value of tissue plasmino-gen activator (t-PA) antigen, von Willebrand Factor, Lipoprotein (a) and anti-cardiolipin antibodies for major adverse coronary events in patients with stable CAD in a prospective cohort study of more than 10 years.We observed 141 patients with angiographically proven CAD for a median follow-up period of 13 years. t-PA antigen was the only marker predicting coronary events (logistic regression, p = 0.044) with a poor prognosis for patients in the 5th quintile with an odds ratio of 7.3 (compared to the 1st quintile). The odds ratio even increased to 10.0 for coronary events associated with the “natural course” of CAD excluding events due to restenosis. t-PA antigen had a slightly higher prognostic power (ROC curve; AUC = 0.69) than fasting glucose (AUC = 0.68) and cholesterol (AUC = 0.67). Triglycerides influenced plasma levels of t-PA antigen (regression, p < 0.001). The predictive value of t-PA antigen remained significant after adjustment for inflammation (logistic regression, p = 0.013) and extent of CAD (p = 0.045) but disappeared adjusting for insulin resistance (p = 0.12).In conclusion t-PA antigen predicted coronary events during a very long-term follow-up with a comparable prognostic power to established cardiovascular risk factors. Markers of insulin resistance influenced t-PA antigen and its predictive value.Part of this paper was originally presented at the joint meetings of the 16th International Congress of the International Society of Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis (ISFP) and the 17th International Fibrinogen Workshop of the International Fibrinogen Research Society (IFRS) held in Munich, Germany, September 2002.

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Risk Factors of Changes in Hepatitis B Antibody Status after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Chinese Children with Thalassemia Major

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v124.21.5809.5809 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 124 (21) ◽

pp. 5809-5809

Author(s):

Xiaoqin Feng ◽

Lina Long ◽

Chunfu Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Thalassemia Major ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Hbv Reactivation ◽

Type I ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Post Transplant

Abstract Objective: This retrospective study evaluated the risk factors involved in the changes in HBsAb status in patients with thalassemia major at a single center in China. Methods: A total of 104 children who underwent allo-HSCT, using NF-08-TM transplant protocol in our center, between January 2010 and June 2012 were recruited.Hepatitis B markers, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were examined by TRFIA (time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay) or ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) for recipients before and after allo-HSCT (at least up to 6 months) and for donors prior to transplantation. HBsAg positive recipients and donors received lamivudine antiviral therapy before allo-HSCT and the treatment was continued in recipients up to 6 months post transplantation. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and their donors were summarized by descriptive statistics. For identification of risk factors that influenced the post-transplant anti-HBs loss and HBV reactivation, both univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined for the covariates that were shown to be statistically significant. All tests were 2-sided, with the type I error rate fixed at 0.05. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 20 (SPSS Statistics V20, IBM Corporation, Somers, New York). Results: Of the 104 patients, 2（1.9%） recipients were positive for HBsAg and 102（98.1%） recipients were negative for HBsAg. Of the 102 patients negative for HBsAg before transplantation, the proportion of positive anti-HBs was 69.6% (71 of 102 patients). Of the 104 donors, 99 (95.2%)were negative for HBsAg and 5 (4.8%)were positive for HBsAg. Of the 99 donors negative for HBsAg before transplantation, 72 donors (72.7%) had anti-HBs. After transplantation, of the 69 patients, 27 (39.1%) patients lost their HBV immunity in a median follow-up period of 30 months (range: 21–45); the remaining 42 (60.9 %) patients maintained the immunity against HBV after a median follow-up period of 28.5 months (range: 19–46). 33 patients were anti-HBs negative before the allo-HSCT. The 33 patients included 11 patients with donors who had no anti-HBs and 22 patients with donors who had anti-HBs. After the allo-HSCT, 15 of the 33 patients were found to have newly gained HBV immunity, as represented by the presence of anti-HBs. While 14 of them who developed adoptive immunity had immunized donors (63.6%; 14 out of 22), 1 of them (9.1%; 1 out of 11) with a non-immunized donor (donors without anti-HBs) also had developed HBV immunity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of 104 patients who underwent allo-HSCT revealed that, patients with pre-HSCT titer of HBsAb < 257.47mIU/mL (adjusted odds ratio, 10.5, 95% CI, 2.1–53.3) and HBsAb-immunized donors (51.3, 2.8–938.6) were significant risk factors for post allo-HSCT HBV loss and acquisition, respectively. In addition, the post-transplant HBV reactivation rate was 11.1%. Conclusions: Current results indicate that pre-transplant HBsAb titer is a key determinant in the loss of HBV immunity after allo-HSCT and HBsAb negative patients with immunized donors are more likely to gain HBV immunity after allo-HSCT than those with non-immunized donors. Further, preemptive antiviral treatment with lamivudine significantly reduces HBV reactivation. This is the first study to have indicated the significant predictors of changes in HBsAg status in children with thalassemia major. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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AB0 BLOOD TYPES AND MALIGNANT COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS OF DIFFERENT LOCATION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 1570 CASES

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn884 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 458-465

Author(s):

R. A. Kerimov ◽

B. D. Seksenbayev ◽

O. V. Galimov ◽

B. K. Nurmashev ◽

M. E. Znanteyev

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Retrospective Analysis ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Types ◽

Significant Difference

Background: AB0 blood type antigens are unequally expressed in different portions of the colon resulting in so-called proximal-distal gradient. In most research studies considering the link between blood types and colorectal cancer, this gradient has not been taken into account. In the present context the findings of such studies are not convincing, no evidence-based results are reflected in literature. Valid studies of this association require antigenic distribution of the colon and malignant tumor location to be taken into account.Aim: To assess the possible relation between AB0 blood type antigens and malignant tumors located in different parts of the large intestine.Materials and methods: We performed a case-control study with retrospective analysis of medical records on patients with the presented disease (cases) and patients who did not suffer from it (controls). Required data was obtained from regional oncological centers of South Kazakhstan, Karaganda, East Kazakhstan, and Mangystau regions. Every third case of colorectal cancer registered in 2011−2016 years was included in the survey. The studied association was estimated by means of a chi-square test. A multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) with confounding risk factors to be taken into account. Shares of the samples were compared by means of Student’s t-test. A critical level of statistical significance (p-value) was considered to be 0.05.Results: Each group included 1570 patients. Gender, age, and ethnic distribution did not differ statistically in cases and controls (p0.4 for all comparisons). When blood type distributions were compared between groups regardless of tumor locations, any significant difference was not revealed (p=0.141). When similar calculations were applied to specific parts of the large intestine, the association between 0 blood type and malignancies of distal portions of the colon was demonstrated (p=0.0002). When we calculate the odds ratio for the disease development in the colon parts (using a multinomial logistic regression), the following results were obtained: 1.518 (p=0.004) for 0, 0.781 (p=0.099) for A, 0.785 (p=0.143) for B, and 0.965 (p=0.884) for AB blood types.Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed a statistical correlation between the 0 blood type and malignant tumors located in the distal portions of the colon.

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Natural Course of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Children: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study

Stroke ◽

10.1161/strokeaha.121.035338 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro N. Santos ◽

Laurèl Rauschenbach ◽

Dino Saban ◽

Bixia Chen ◽

Annika Herten ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cerebral Cavernous Malformations ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cavernous Malformations ◽

History Of

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the natural course of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) in the pediatric population, with special emphasis on the risk of first and recurrent bleeding over a 5-year period. Methods: Our institutional database was screened for patients with CCM treated between 2003 and 2020. Patients ≤18 years of age with complete magnetic resonance imaging data set, clinical baseline characteristics, and ≥1 follow-up examination were included. Surgically treated individuals were censored after CCM removal. We assessed the impact of various parameters on first or recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at diagnosis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the cumulative 5-year risk for (re)hemorrhage. Results: One hundred twenty-nine pediatric patients with CCM were analyzed. Univariate logistic regression identified brain stem CCM (odds ratio, 3.15 [95% CI, 1.15−8.63], P =0.026) and familial history of CCM (odds ratio, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.04−5.86], P= 0.041) as statistically significant predictors of ICH at diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed this correlation (odds ratio, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.18−8.99], P= 0.022 and odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.07−5.98], P =0.035, respectively). Cox regression analysis identified ICH as mode of presentation (hazard ratio, 14.01 [95% CI, 1.80−110.39], P= 0.012) as an independent predictor for rehemorrhage during the 5-year follow-up. The cumulative 5-year risk of (re)bleeding was 15.9% (95% CI, 10.2%−23.6%) for the entire cohort, 30.2% (20.2%−42.3%) for pediatric patients with ICH at diagnosis, and 29.5% (95% CI, 13.9%−51.1%) for children with brain stem CCM. Conclusions: Pediatric patients with brain stem CCM and familial history of CCM have a higher risk of ICH as mode of presentation. During untreated 5-year follow-up, they revealed a similar risk of (re)hemorrhage compared to adult patients. The probability of (re)bleeding increases over time, especially in cases with ICH at presentation or brain stem localization.

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Retirement and Social Activities in Japan: Does Age Moderate the Association?

Research on Aging ◽

10.1177/01640275211005185 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016402752110051

Author(s):

Erika Kobayashi ◽

Ikuko Sugawara ◽

Taro Fukaya ◽

Shohei Okamoto ◽

Jersey Liang

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Longitudinal Survey ◽

Work Status ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Social Activities ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Participation Level ◽

Aging Societies

Although retirement age is increasing in aging societies, its impact on individuals and communities is unclear. This study examined how age moderates the linkage between transition into retirement and participation in productive and non-productive social activities after retirement, using a nationwide longitudinal survey with a probability sample of Japanese aged 60 and over ( n = 3,493). Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to predict changes in volunteering and hobbies/learning during 3–5 years of follow-up and their participation level at the follow-up. The significant interactions between change in work status (remained working as reference, full/partial retirement, remained not-working) and age at baseline showed that fully retired persons were more likely to increase these activities than remained workers only when they retired by their early seventies. Thus it is important to encourage engagement in social activities before retirement and remove psychological and environmental barriers that hinder starting new activities at old age.

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Antenatal care dropout and associated factors among mothers delivering in public health facilities of Dire Dawa Town, Eastern Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04107-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dereje Worku ◽

Daniel Teshome ◽

Chalachew Tiruneh ◽

Alemtsehay Teshome ◽

Gete Berihun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Professional Advice ◽

Dire Dawa ◽

Bivariable Analysis

Abstract Introduction More than two-thirds of the pregnant women in Africa have at least one antenatal care contact with a health care provider. However, to achieve the full life-saving potential that antenatal care promises for women and babies, four visits providing essential evidence-based interventions – a package often called focused antenatal care are required. Hence, identifying the factors associated with dropout of maternal health care utilization would have meaningful implications. The study aimed to assess antenatal care dropout and associated factors among mothers delivering in the public health facilities of Dire Dawa town, Ethiopia. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to 30, 2020. Proportionate sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 230 women. Data were collected using a structured and pretested interview administered questionnaire during delivery. The data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. A binary logistic regression model with a 95 % confidence interval was used to analyze the results. Bivariable analysis (COR [crude odds ratio]) and multivariable analysis (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]) was used to analyze the results. From the bivariable analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.25 were entered into the multivariable logistic regression analysis. From the multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with a significance level of p-value < 0.05 were taken as factors independently associated with ANC dropout. Result The proportion of antenatal care dropouts was 86 (37.4 %) (95 % CI: 31.3–43.9). In logistic regression analyses, those who had no past antenatal care follow up were more likely to have ANC dropout (AOR = 7.89; 95 % CI: 2.109–29.498) and those who had no professional advice were more likely to have antenatal care dropout (AOR = 4.64 95 % CI: 1.246–17.254). Conclusions This study indicates that a high number of women had antenatal care dropout. Having no past ANC follow-up and professional advice were the major factors of ANC service utilization dropout. Hence, giving more information during the ANC visit is important to reduce the dropout rate from the maternity continuum of care.

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