Consulting the Community on Strategies to Strengthen Social Capital for Community Disease Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110049
Author(s):  
Innocent T. Mutero ◽  
Moses J. Chimbari
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Knowledge To Action ◽  
Research Uptake ◽  
Conversational Interviews ◽  
And Control

Excluding communities in planning and implementing research maximizes internal risks that are otherwise visible and avoidable when there is adequate community consultation. Communities might not meaningfully use research results if majority of the researched people have minimal or no participation in information generation and dissemination. However, effective participation of researched communities in research is key to transferring knowledge to action. Using a qualitative approach, the study identified barriers to, and relevant strategies for improving health research uptake, particularly for schistosomiasis (commonly known as bilharzia) in the Ingwavuma area, uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal. Data was collected through modified ethnography using participant observation, focus group discussions, unstructured in-depth interviews, and ethnographic conversational interviews. Results reveal that research uptake is inhibited by reduced opportunities for habitual interaction between residents, a paucity of innovative and inclusive health education activities and unsafe recreational facilities. The community’s strategies on strengthening social capital for disease control include using existing social systems and power hierarchies to mobilise and organise and using the performing arts to facilitate habitual interaction and knowledge sharing. The study recommends a community consultation flow which facilitates openness about the benefits and the community’s role in research, a pre-condition for community wide efforts in local disease prevention and control.

scholarly journals Practices of sustainability and the enactment of their natures/cultures: Ecosystem services, rights of nature, and geoengineering

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842199894
Author(s):  
Frank Adloff ◽  
Iris Hilbrich
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Knowledge Cultures ◽  
Rights Of Nature ◽  
Value Of Nature ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Possible trajectories of sustainability are based on different concepts of nature. The article starts out from three trajectories of sustainability (modernization, transformation and control) and reconstructs one characteristic practice for each path with its specific conceptions of nature. The notion that nature provides human societies with relevant ecosystem services is typical of the path of modernization. Nature is reified and monetarized here, with regard to its utility for human societies. Practices of transformation, in contrast, emphasize the intrinsic ethical value of nature. This becomes particularly apparent in discourses on the rights of nature, whose starting point can be found in Latin American indigenous discourses, among others. Control practices such as geoengineering are based on earth-systemic conceptions of nature, in which no distinction is made between natural and social systems. The aim is to control the earth system as a whole in order for human societies to remain viable. Practices of sustainability thus show different ontological understandings of nature (dualistic or monistic) on the one hand and (implicit) ethics and sacralizations (anthropocentric or biocentric) on the other. The three reconstructed natures/cultures have different ontological and ethical affinities and conflict with each other. They are linked to very different knowledge cultures and life-worlds, which answer very differently to the question of what is of value in a society and in nature and how these values ought to be protected.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in South Korea: Proper timing for Easing Mask mandates after COVID-19 Vaccination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yun-Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proper Timing ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Abstract As of 25 July 2021, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency reported 1,422 new COVID-19 cases, 188,848 total cases, and 2.073 total deaths (1.10% fatality rates). Since the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported, efforts to find a treatment and vaccine against COVID-19 have been widespread. Four vaccines are on the WHO’s emergency use listing and are approved of their usage; BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222, and Ad26.COV2.S. Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 need at least 14 days to achieve effectiveness. Thus, people should abide by prevention and control measures, including wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing. However, a lot of new cases were reported after vaccinations, as many people did not follow the prevention control measures before the end of the 14 days period. There is no doubt we need to break free from mask mandates. But let us not decide the timing in haste. Even if the mask mandates are eased, they should be changed depending on the number of reported cases, vaccinations, as well as prevention and control measures on how circumstances are changing under the influence of mutant coronavirus.

The Role of Livelihood Diversification and Social Capital in the Movement of Households: A Case Study from Central Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Saroj Pokharel ◽  
Dipak Tharu ◽  
Yagya Murti Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

The study aims to investigate the role of livelihood diversification and social capital for the households’ movement, and also to explore the identity and bond of social capital and livelihood diversification to achieve an improved lifestyle. Human relations significantly create a network society, impalpable resource of community, shared values and trust which we draw upon in our daily lives. Livelihood diversification is a community-practised strategy for managing economic and income diversity in poverty reduction. It has highly emphasized income and well-being to diversify livelihood. It also turns the likely norms and networks with the households from exploiting new economic opportunities even in the future. This study responds to why people are migrating from the surrounding and the long distance of Kathmandu, and largely dependent on direct cash incomes from informal activities. It used qualitative approaches such as ethnography, case studies, participant observation, etc. to study the relationship between households and social capital level and livelihood diversification. Hence, the effects of social capital and livelihood diversification were found protecting households’ income. The major findings also show the social supportive network index which has significant effects on the households’ ability to learn a new livelihood. Income generations similarly affect the household capacity to secure a home and the socio-economic condition of households. This study can be advantageous for making both local and urban policy to diversify household livelihoods and social capital as well as applicable for new researchers in social sciences. Most importantly, it helps readers perceive new ways of promoting livelihood diversification and social capital and as a whole social advancement in Central Nepal.

scholarly journals Basic approaches to the development of resistant social capital of the state customs service

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Tetiana Ruda
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Research Abstract ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Monitoring Design ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

Purpose. The aim of the article is research of the peculiarities of the development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service and development of proposals for the development of a model of its development. Methodology of research. The following methods are used to achieve this goal: induction and deduction, theoretical generalization, abstraction, dialectical cognition – in the study of scientific sources and research of theoretical aspects of the development of resistant social capital, the definition of the categorical apparatus of the research; abstract and logical – to generalize theoretical positions, to form conclusions and proposals on the research topic. Findings. The essence and features of the development of resistant social capital are determined. The expediency of developing a model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service, which is based on the principles of attributiveness and synergy, is substantiated. It allows to take into account the influence of environmental factors of the department and time variables on the development of social capital. The structural content of the development model is given, which includes: attributes of the object of development, attributes of the internal and external environment. The object, goals, functions and principles of building a model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service are determined. A detailed description of each stage of application of the model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service is given, which includes: monitoring, design, planning, implementation and control. The advantages of practical implementation of the proposed model are outlined. Originality. The study of theoretical aspects of the development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service has been further developed. For the first time, proposals for the formation of a model for the development of resistant social capital at the sectoral level have been developed, its structure, features of practical implementation and advantages of application have been determined. Practical value. The main provisions of this study can be used in the process of developing proposals for the development of conceptual areas of development of resistant social capital in the State Customs Service. Key words: development, attributiveness, attributive model of development, development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service, model of development of resistant social capital of the State Customs Service.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL REGULATION ENFORCEMENT RELATED TO THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 IN STREET SELLERS IN JAKARTA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Bayquni Bayquni
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Control

Enforcement of local regulations regarding the handling of Covid 19 against street vendors in the West Jakarta Administrative City is still ineffective based on the lack of discipline on street vendors to comply with Health Protocols and the efforts of Satpol PP in enforcing PERDA to overcome Covid 19. While the theory used is effectiveness according to Tyson & Jackson, which consists of 1) Briefing, (2) Delegation, (3) Control, (4) Accountability, (5) Efficiency, (6) Coordination, (7) Adaptation, (8) Social Systems and Individual Expectations. The research method in this research uses qualitative methods. A qualitative approach is used because it involves the formulation of symptoms, information, or information regarding the enforcement of local regulations on Covid-19 prevention by Satpol PP against street vendors in West Jakarta Administrative City. The use of qualitative methods is supported by a project map on the Nvivo 12 application. The research findings show that the implementation of the enforcement of the Covid-19 countermeasures PERDA on street vendors in West Jakarta City Administration by Sat Pol PP, namely: (1) Satpol PP in enforcing the Covid 19 countermeasures PERDA in street vendors is still not fully effective in the implementation of delegation and control , accountability, efficiency, coordination and adaptation; and (2) The concept of improvement that can be carried out is the enforcement of the regulation on Covid 19 prevention by implementing humanist normative pattern of street vendor control, namely performance management of street vendors with environmental control, social services and economic empowerment of street vendors as business actors in the economic system. community organized according to the conditions of the Covid pandemic 19.

scholarly journals Immune stimulation and antibody response of chicks to different doses/units of the Nigerian live infectious bursa disease vaccine

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
And Control ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

Vaccination failure is one of the major constraints to disease control in poultry. To investigate Infectious bursa disease (IBD)-vaccination failures (frequently/globally reported), batches of the Nigerian live-vaccine were tested for viral units before vaccinating following chick-groups: 16 doses (65,536 units), 8 doses (32,768 units), 4 doses (6,384 units), 2 doses (8,192 units), 1 dose (4,096 units), 1:2 dose (2,048 units), 1:4 dose (1,024 units), 1:8 dose (512 units), 1:16 dose (256 units) and control. Each batch gave 4,096 viral units. Mean bursa weight/body weight ratios (immune stimulation) and mean antibody titres of the chick-groups were 47.40 ±5.45 and 51.20 ±7.83; 44.25 ±7.28 & 48.00 ±9.24; 45.25 ± 4.28 and 64.00 ± 0.00; 43.00 ±7.58 and 101.60 ± 35.05; 44.60 ± 5.51 and 128.00 ± 0.00; 42.60 ± 6.23 and 268.80 ± 16.00; 40.50 ± 1.76 and 80.00 ±16.00; 31.40 ± 3.80 and 80.00 ± 27.71; 37.18 ± 4.07 and 89.60 ± 15.68 and 26.20 ± 3.31 and 19.20 ± 5.99, respectively. Half (2,048 units) of the recommended 1-dose gave optimal antibody-titre. The higher doses gave lower antibody-titres like the lower doses but immune stimulation continued to increase as doses/units increased. Both over-stimulating the immune system (too high vaccine-doses/viral-units/viral-virulence) and under-stimulation cause vaccination failure.

Cyber Security Model of Artificial Social System Man-Machine

2015 ◽  
pp. 500-514
Author(s):  
Calin Ciufudean
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Optimum Trajectory ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Control

Cyber Security Model of Artificial Social System Man-Machine takes advantage of an important chapter of artificial intelligence, discrete event systems applied for modelling and simulation of control, logistic supply, chart positioning, and optimum trajectory planning of artificial social systems. “An artificial social system is a set of restrictions on agents` behaviours in a multi-agent environment. Its role is to allow agents to coexist in a shared environment and pursue their respective goals in the presence of other agents” (Moses & Tennenholtz, n.d.). Despite conventional approaches, Cyber Security Model of Artificial Social System Man-Machine is not guided by rigid control algorithms but by flexible, event-adaptable ones that makes them more lively and available. All these allow a new design of artificial social systems dotted with intelligence, autonomous decision-making capabilities, and self-diagnosing properties. Heuristics techniques, data mining planning activities, scheduling algorithms, automatic data identification, processing, and control represent as many trumps for these new systems analyzing formalism. The authors challenge these frameworks to model and simulate the interaction of man-machine in order to have a better look at the human, social, and organizational privacy and information protection.

Reaching organizational ambidexterity in the merger process: a temporal switching

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-896
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Thelisson ◽  
Audrey Missonier ◽  
Gilles Guieu
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Organizational Ambidexterity ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Merger Process ◽  
Post Merger Integration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Merger Integration ◽  
Parent Companies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how a company reaches organizational ambidexterity during a merger process. Organizational ambidexterity refers to the proactive adaptations of an organization to simultaneously explore and exploit. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a longitudinal case study of a public-private merger of two listed French companies. The data were collected from participant observation, interviews and archival documentation over two years. Findings The balance between autonomy and control by the parent companies evolves during the post-merger integration. The findings reveal that there was no concordance between the oscillations between autonomy and control on the part of the parent companies and the new organization’s exploration/exploitation strategies. However, the progressive evolution of control and autonomy from the parent companies engendered organizational ambidexterity during the third phase integration. Practical implications The study adds insight into how organizations can develop ways to manage organizational ambidexterity dynamics by employing temporal mechanisms, referring to an organization’s shifting sequentially between exploration and exploitation. The case highlights how temporal switching between exploration and exploitation occurs to ultimately enable ambidexterity. Originality/value Although organizational ambidexterity is recognized as a key element for post-merger integration, how it is achieved over the course of the merger process has received little attention. The study highlights that in the case of public-private mergers, the parent companies influence exploration and/or exploitation strategies. The paper adds insights on whether exploration and exploitation can be differentiated over time and whether exploration and exploitation can be reconciled at the same time.

scholarly journals Tourism, Representation and Compensation among the Dukha Reindeer Herders of Mongolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 608-615
Author(s):  
Jean Hatcherson
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Interpretive Study ◽  
Pile Sort ◽  
Northern Mongolia

AbstractIncreasingly, tourists come to northern Mongolia to visit the camps of the Dukha reindeer herders, a small group often characterized as primitive and disappearing. The year-round entry of tourists to Dukha camps is unregulated; the timing and context of these encounters, including compensation and accommodation, unpredictable. Some herders leverage dominant cultural and social capital, gaining more visitors and more opportunities to earn cash. However, while visits bolster the local economy, these cross-cultural contacts may disrupt traditional socio-cultural identities, migration patterns and egalitarian norms. This qualitative, interpretive study used guided, open-ended interviews (N=30), a modified pile sort and participant observation to examine reindeer herders’ perceptions of tourist visits and gift giving. Results show Dukha most involved with tourists have a positive attitude toward their visits. As tourists generally stay only two to four days, negative outcomes vis-a-vis gifts, cultural misrepresentations and economic compensation currently appear minimized. However, as visits increase, taiga tourism would further benefit from Dukha owned and controlled economic and ethnographic initiatives.

scholarly journals The Current Status of Enteric Fever Diagnostics and Implications for Disease Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S64-S70
Author(s):  
Stephen Baker ◽  
Christoph J Blohmke ◽  
Mailis Maes ◽  
Peter I Johnston ◽  
Thomas C Darton
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Typhoid Diagnostics ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
And Control

Abstract Enteric (typhoid) fever remains a problem in low- and middle-income countries that lack the infrastructure to maintain sanitation and where inadequate diagnostic methods have restricted our ability to identify and control the disease more effectively. As we move into a period of potential disease elimination through the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), we again need to reconsider the role of typhoid diagnostics in how they can aid in facilitating disease control. Recent technological advances, including serology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, have provided new insights into how we can detect signatures of invasive Salmonella organisms interacting with the host during infection. Many of these new techniques exhibit potential that could be further explored with the aim of creating a new enteric fever diagnostic to work in conjunction with TCV. We need a sustained effort within the enteric fever field to accelerate, validate, and ultimately introduce 1 (or more) of these methods to facilitate the disease control initiative. The window of opportunity is still open, but we need to recognize the need for communication with other research areas and commercial organizations to assist in the progression of these diagnostic approaches. The elimination of enteric fever is now becoming a real possibility, but new diagnostics need to be part of the equation and factored into future calculations for disease control.

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