Automating intellectual freedom: Artificial intelligence, bias, and the information landscape

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110571
Author(s):  
Catherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Information Landscape ◽  
Resource Description

Anxieties over automation and personal freedom are challenging libraries’ role as havens of intellectual freedom. The introduction of artificial intelligence into the resource description process creates an opportunity to reshape the digital information landscape—and loss of trust by library users. Resource description necessarily manipulates a library’s presentation of information, which influences the ways users perceive and interact with that information. Human catalogers inevitably introduce personal and cultural biases into their work, but artificial intelligence may perpetrate biases on a previously unseen scale. The automation of this process may be perceived as a greater threat than the manipulation produced by human operators. Librarians must understand the risks of artificial intelligence and consider what oversight and countermeasures are necessary to mitigate the harm to libraries and their users before ceding resource description to artificial intelligence in place of the “professional considerations” the IFLA Statement on Libraries and Intellectual Freedom calls for in providing access to library materials.

scholarly journals AUTOMATED DETECTION SYSTEM FOR LUNG MASSES AS A STAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF LUNG CANCER

2018 ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Moiseenko ◽  
A. A. Meldo ◽  
L. V. Utkin ◽  
I. Yu. Prokhorov ◽  
M. A. Ryabinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Lung Nodule ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Modern Computer

In the century of the fourth industrial revolution, there is a rapid progress of technological developments in medicine. Possibilities of collecting large amounts of digital information and the modern computer capacity growth are reasons for the increased attention to artificial intelligence (AI) and its role in the diagnostics and the prediction of diseases. In the diagnostics, AI aims to model the human intellectual activity, providing assistance to a practicing doctor in the processing of big data. Development of AI can be considered as a way for implementation and ensuring of national political and economic interests in the health care improvement. Lung cancer is on the first position of cancer incidences. This implies that the development and implementation of computed-aided systems for lung cancer diagnostic is very urgent and important. The article presents the results concerning the development of a computed-aided system for the lung nodule detection, which is based on the processing of computed tomography data. Perspectives of the AI application to the lung cancer diagnostics are discussed. There is a few information about a role of Russian developments in this area in foreign and domestic literature.

Updates

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Stephanie Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Library Users

Freedom to Read Foundation Report to CouncilIntellectual Freedom Committee Report to CouncilCommittee on Professional Ethics and Intellectual Freedom Committee’s Letter Addressing Forward Together RecommendationsGuidelines for Reopening Libraries During the COVID-19 PandemicGuidelines on Contact Tracing, Health Checks, and Library Users’ PrivacyResolution Condemning Police Violence Against BIPOC, Protesters, and JournalistsVideo Surveillance in the Library GuidelinesCommittee on Professional Ethics

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence: economy, intellectual property, threats

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Hennadii Androshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
World Market ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Personality

Keywords: artificial intelligence, economic impact, intellectual property, regulation,cybersecurity, risks, threats, national security Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the spread of which is based on thewidespread use of digital information and the rapid growth of computing power, areleaving the realm of purely theoretical research and becoming one of the segmentsof the world market that can have truly revolutionary consequences. The paper provideseconomic and legal analysis of the state and trends of AI, identifies its impacton the economy, the importance of the role of intellectual property (IP), assesses therisks, threats and dangers of criminal use of AI, developed mechanisms to counterthem. The development of AI technologies as an integral part of «Industry 4.0» isconsidered, the main provisions of the «White Paper on Artificial Intelligence» ofthe EU are studied.Over the next decade, the EU plans to spend $20 billion a year on AI development.At the same time, the protection of IP rights in the context of AI development and relatedtechnologies has been unconsidered by the Commission, despite the key importanceof these rights. In legal regulation, AI is seen as a new challenge for the economyand the legal system, a new phenomenon that has a multiplier effect, a legal phenomenonin the structure of legal relations, a new object for legal regulation. The introduction of AI in the field of IP creates new legal and economic problems.The creation of AI works is an integral area of activity in the modern digital economy.These circumstances bring to the fore the problem of recognition of authorship in thecreation of AI works, the possibility of authors to dispose of their rights and their useof mechanisms for legal protection of IP. The analysis of the cases considered bycourts connected with a problem of legal personality of AI is carried out, legislative activityon this question is studied. Possibilities and dangers of criminal use of AI areshown. They are ranked in order of their level of danger — depending on the harmthey may cause, the potential benefit or the benefit of crime. Prospects for the developmentof AI in Ukraine are shown, the Concept of development of artificial intelligencein Ukraine is analysed. It is concluded that AI should become one of the key driversof digital transformation and overall growth of Ukraine's economy.

scholarly journals The Synthesis of Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Brian Parker ◽  
Christian Bach
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
High Level

This paper is an exploration of several theories on the synthesis of the Blockchain(BC), the Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence(AI) through a literature review. Blockchain technology is a decentralized peer-to-peer network that stores records and transactions in immutable blocks secured by cryptography. The decentralization aspect of blockchain eliminates the need for trusted third party interceder. Internet of Things(IoT) is an interrelated computer system that makes a connection between computers and humans to communicate in several areas; smart devices like homes, cars, radio are just a few examples. IoT challenges are security, connectivity, issues with the analysis of big data, centralization, and vulnerability to attacks.  Artificial Intelligence(AI) machine learning technology is the advanced decision-making process that influences daily routines such as banking, healthcare, gaming, transportation, and space exploration, among others. AI’s challenges are; security, centralized architecture, and resource limitations. The methodology will be a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the existing research and how these technologies can be a transformative impact on how information is accessed through enterprise and society. The convergence of BC, AI, and IoT will provide scalable, secure high-level intellectual functioning that will be the new paradigm of digital information.

scholarly journals Development of Resource Description and Access (RDA): The New Cataloging Standard

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-417
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Khosrowpour
Keyword(s):  
Digital Environment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Online Catalogs ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Locating Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Resource Description

Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a new standard for describing and accessing information specifically designed for the digital environment. It is a shift from Anglo American Cataloging Rules II (AACR2) and it aims to provide a more user friendly service to library users in locating information in the library online catalogs. It is also targeting to facilitate a cataloging standard which can be shared globally and be edited simultaneously by the catalogers and other users when needed. There are similarities as well as diff erences between these two cataloging standards. Since the development of RDA started in 2005, there has been a hot discussion among catalogers about the advantages and disadvantages of the two standards against each other. There are also arguments on the changes that RDA would introduce to the cataloging standards and questioning if this is the right time to move forward with these changes. This paper provides the reader an overview of the development of RDA standards and the outcome of this new standard yet to be adopted.

scholarly journals Public Library Users are Challenged by Digital Information Preservation

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Robin E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Public Library ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
Information Preservation ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Public Library Users

A review of: Copeland, A. J. (2011). Analysis of public library users’ digital preservation practices. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1288-1300. doi:10.1002/asi.21553 Objective – To discover the factors that influence digital information preservation practices and attitudes of adult public library users. Design – Mixed methodology combining matrix questionnaires, interviews, and visual mapping. Setting – Urban public library on the East Coast of the United States. Subjects – 26 adult members of a public library’s Friends group. Methods – The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 participants. All participants drew maps to indicate the types of information they value and why, and their preferences for information storage and maintenance. Qualitative data were supplemented by a matrix questionnaire on which 22 participants identified the types of digital information they maintain, and modes of storage. Main Results – Some public library users may store and organize information inconsistently, utilizing a variety of digital devices. Technical, social, and emotional context influences choices about organization, sharing of information, and short- and long-term preservation. Users reported placing a higher value on born digital information, and information that they had shared with others. Conclusion – Public librarians may have a role in facilitating growth of patron knowledge about creation, storage, preservation, and sharing of personal digital information.

An Extensive Discussion on Transition of Libraries

2018 ◽  
pp. 255-269
Author(s):  
Shiva Kanaujia Sukula ◽  
Raj Kumar Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Web Presence ◽  
Electronic Information Resources ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Recent Developments

The library and information services have witnessed transition due to conceptual, technological and users' needs. The recent developments in the educational organizations and the users' needs have found few technological factors to consider changing trends. The chapter has discussed various aspects such as services, their composition, alterations and role in library's position in the academic community. The library staff and gradual developments have been discussed along with the infrastructural strengths in library. The facets such as educating the users through the information literacy and metaliteracy; Electronic Information Resources Collection, Building and Management and Creation of Web presence among Library Users are highlighted. Digital Information Services and waving the freshness of innovation; Creating Awareness by being among the users and enhancing learning and need of “Innovation and serving the users at individual level” have been discussed in the context of role in research support.

Records management at the Council of Europe (2): the digital turn

Comma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Gesa Büttner
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Awareness Raising ◽  
Information Finding ◽  
Information Landscape ◽  
Electronic Records Management

The implementation of electronic records management at the Council of Europe was a crucial step in leading the intergovernmental human rights organization towards comprehensive corporate information management. The motivation for introducing records management was to improve access to information. Finding information proved to be difficult due to the fragmented information landscape, combined with a lack of governance for digital information. To amend this situation, corporate control and standardization were introduced along the whole information life cycle, involving the information producers as key players. The article describes this implementation, covering roughly the decade from 2008 to 2018, from its foundations and preparations to the deployment, awareness-raising and training activities. Special emphasis is put on the instruments that support a standardized records management approach, such as business classification scheme, retention and disposal schedules, and metadata. The success and failure points are briefly presented. It appears that records management can be a catalyst for corporate-wide information management.

Libraries and Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-456
Author(s):  
Mojca Rupar Korosec
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Mining Machine ◽  
Distant Learning ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Library Use ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Machine Readable

Libraries are increasingly entering the digital age, and demands on them to offer more digital services are widening, with user expectations of “remote or distant access,” “distant learning,” and the use of other modern internet technologies. To this end, libraries must accelerate their use of technologies like AI, “data mining,” “machine-readable data,” “machine-generated classification,” “semantic ontologies,” and internet accessible catalogs and content because their aim should always be user benefit, user convenience, and user satisfaction. In this chapter, the author examines ways in which technologies and libraries are trying to fulfill their modern role and expectations of the modern user. Additionally, the author will examine how to strengthen data ethics in those particular fields of library use that most endanger the user's intellectual freedom on one side and his right to privacy on the other. One of the essential roles of modern libraries, in their new “informational” identity, will be as “guardians of data ethics and intellectual freedom.”

scholarly journals Combating the Challenges of Intellectual Freedom: The Perspective of Librarians in Academic Libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Tella ◽  
Adeshewa Benita Adeboye ◽  
S.A Abdulkareem ◽  
Oluwakemi Titilola Olaniyi ◽  
Peter Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Selection Policy ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Access Information ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
Library Selection

Background: Censorship of library materials denies people's right to access, use, retrieve, and store materials of their desire. Intellectual freedom is critical to eliminating the constraint of censorship. Issues such as illiteracy, societal standards, and selection policy hadbeen identified as challenges to intellectual freedom. The existing body of literature revealed that library materials are subjected to censorship and this denies readers’ rights to access desirable information at any point in time. Aim: This research examined the perception of librarians on combating the challenges of intellectual freedom. Methodology: The target population for this study included professional librarians working in eight (8) selected academic libraries in Kwara State, Nigeria. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 60 respondents from the 8 academic libraries involved in the study. A questionnaire of 6 research questions was developed for the collection of data. Findings: The results indicated: the majority of the respondents agree that there are equal opportunities for library users to access library materials, obscene and controversial materials are subjected to censorship, library selection policy restricts library users’ access to desired materials. Lifting restriction of access to library materials was identified as the way to combat the challenges of intellectual freedom. Recommendations: The authors recommends that government should ensure that the Freedom of Information Bill (FOI) is passed to enable library patrons’ have access to all information materials and that library stakeholders should create awareness, publicity, or enlightenment on intellectual freedom to inform the users of their rights to hold, use, and access information materials of their choice.

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