Statistical Distributions of Pavement Damage Associated with Overweight Vehicles: Methodology and Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (9) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Batioja-Alvarez ◽  
Seyed-Farzan Kazemi ◽  
Elie Y. Hajj ◽  
Raj V. Siddharthan ◽  
Adam J. T. Hand
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Application Process ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Relative Damage ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Impact

The trucking industry is the primary mode of transporting for goods and commodities in the United States. Currently, there is an increasing trend in the use of overweight (OW) vehicles on the highway network. State highway agencies (SHAs) are challenged to address this increase, particularly relative to associated pavement damage. In this study, a probabilistic method was developed to evaluate rutting and fatigue cracking damage caused by OW vehicles under different road and environmental conditions. The influential input parameters in this analysis included gross vehicle weight (GVW), axle configuration, axle weight, pavement temperature, and vehicle-miles traveled (VMT). Necessary information was obtained by analyzing more than 170,000 entries of a Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) OW permit database. The developed model was based on mechanistic-empirical (ME) approach and considered asphalt concrete (AC) viscoelastic characterization. The results of this study were distributions of AC critical responses, load equivalency factors (LEFs), and relative damage factors (RDFs). The analysis showed that load equivalent factor (LEF) distributions could be incorporated in pavement design methods to account for OW vehicles. Furthermore, the damage induced by specific OW vehicles could be assessed using the relative damage factor (RDF) concept and may be efficiently used by SHAs during the permit application process. A case study was presented illustrating the impact of an OW axle configuration on pavement damage. Finally, a method was suggested for developing RDF tables with damage ranges corresponding to different axle configurations and the GVW that could be a tool for SHAs to evaluate and understand pavement damage induced by OW vehicles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Mark W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Load Management ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
The Impact

The forest industry tends to plan, and model transportation costs based on the potential payload benefits of increased legal gross vehicle weight (GVW) by deploying different configurations, while payload benefits of a configuration can be significantly influenced by the vehicle design tare weight. Through this research the relative benefit of increased legal GVW of different configurations is compared across Australia over a 13-year period from 2006 to 2019, by examining data collected post operation across multiple operations. This approach is intended to offer realistic insight to real operations not influenced by observation and thus reflect long-term operating behaviour. The inclusion of the three most common configuration classes in Australian forestry over a 13-year period has also allowed the exploration of load management between configurations and potential trends over time. When considering the legal GVW and the tare weight impacts across the fleets, the semi-trailer has an 8 t payload disadvantage compared to B-Doubles and 19.6 t disadvantage compared to road trains.

OHNS Residency Program and Applicant Social Media Presence During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942098797
Author(s):  
Shadi Ahmadmehrabi ◽  
Deborah X. Xie ◽  
Bryan K. Ward ◽  
Paul C. Bryson ◽  
Patrick Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Social Media Presence ◽  
Residency Application ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Residency Match

Objectives: In addition to clinical and social disruption, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many aspects of the otolaryngology residency application process. With delays in the 2021 Electronic Residency Applications Service (ERAS) timeline, students and programs have had more time to interact prior to the formal application process. This communication will report recent trends in social media presence by OHNS residency programs, and discuss mechanisms to compensate for decreased applicant-program interactions using social media ahead of the 2021 Match. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of the accredited otolaryngology residency programs in the United States, the number of social media profiles on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook from 2009 to 2019 were recorded and compared. Results: Most programs (61%) have at least 1 social media profile. Over the past 10 years, the number of programs on social media has increased. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Twitter and Instagram showed higher rates of growth compared to Facebook. With the reduction of in-person opportunities for interactions, both applicants and programs are utilizing social media to showcase their values and their research. Twitter, in particular, also serves as a platform for professional networking. Conclusion: Both Twitter and Instagram are growing in popularity among programs and applicants to enhance networking. Social media is a powerful tool for networking and may help compensate for limitations imposed on the residency match process by the COVID-19 pandemic while maintaining professionalism considerations. The impact of social media on the 2021 otolaryngology residency match is an evolving phenomenon.

Sanctioned to Survive: How Foreign Firms Perform when Economic Sanctions Affect their Business Relationships—A Study of Contemporary Economic Sanction Actions and their Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-538
Author(s):  
Blaine Stout
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Strategies ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Exxon Mobil ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The intent of this study is to examine the effects of economic sanctions on companies with significant fdi operating in the sanctioned country. Using case study methodology, we consider the impact of sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation (rf) by the United States of America for its intrusion into the sovereign rights of Ukraine. Past sanction events in South Africa and pre-rf formation are reviewed. Two measurable frameworks are developed to study strategies based on ‘divestment and non-divestment’ (Malone and Goodin 1997) dimensions and coupled with variables related to ‘direct and indirect’ effects on financial performance, forgone potential, (Losman 1988) and foreign direct investment (Biglaiser and Lektzian 2011). This research also relies on the historical accounts of Hufbauer et al. (2007) for the compilation of facts related to economic sanctions. Through literature review, the study asks: 1) Strategically, how does a company respond to the economic sanctions imposed by its home country on the sanctioned country in which it has significant fdi? 2) Financially, how do economic sanctions affect the company’s performance and fdi? and 3) Organizationally, how do economic sanctions affect the relationships with those recipient companies of fdi? The study focus is on the energy industry in which the rf economy relies upon for 40 percent of its sustainability and the company of focus is Exxon Mobil (xom). The author readily acknowledges that a single case study may not provide the degree of conclusiveness found in a cross-case study format. However, the outcome of the study does provide a template for use in future case reviews.

Educating Students with Chronic Illness

2020 ◽  
pp. 578-597
Author(s):  
Margaret Tseng ◽  
Rebecca Magee Pluta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle School Student ◽  
Physical Location ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
The Impact

Students with chronic illness have historically received an education via home and hospital instruction during their absences. This instruction is significantly inferior in both quality and quantity when compared with the educational experience of students able to attend school. This case study details the experiences of a middle school student in the mid-Atlantic Region of the United States whose chronic illness presented unique and multifaceted challenges that could not be met by her district's inflexible policies and disconnected resources. This case illuminates the need for schools to break away from the traditional administrative special education mold when responding to the challenges of educating frequently absent students with chronic illness. The educational Civil Rights of these students can be preserved, however, by utilizing affordable, available technology to minimize the impact of frequently missed classes, provide continuity of instruction and allow educational access regardless of a student's physical location during their absences from school.

The Women of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Claradina Soto ◽  
Toni Handboy ◽  
Ruth Supranovich ◽  
Eugenia L. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Women ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cheyenne River

This chapter describes the impact of colonialism on indigenous women with a focus on the experience of the Lakota women on the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Reservation in South Dakota. It explores the experiences of indigenous women as related to history, culture, intrapersonal violence, and internalized oppression. A case study of a Lakota woman is provided as an example of strength and triumph in overcoming adversity and being empowered despite the challenges of marginalization faced by many Native Americans in the United States and indigenous women throughout the world. The chapter discusses how readers can be advocates and actively engage in decolonizing and dismantling systems of oppression to protect future generations and to allow indigenous communities to heal and revitalize.

Brazilian Foreign Policy and the Dominican Crisis: The Impact of History and Events

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
Ralph G. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
American Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
American Nation

On May 24, 1965, nearly a month after the first U. S. Marines landed in Santo Domingo, an inter-American military force under the command of a Brazilian general took over peacekeeping activities in the Dominican Republic. Although the first Brazilian contingent to arrive comprised only 300 troops, it later reached a total of 1,250, the largest contribution by a single Latin American nation. While Brazil's participation in the Dominican crisis was a clear indication that the independent foreign policy of Quadros and Goulart had been discarded in favor of a realignment once again with the United States, it also signified an abrupt departure from one of the basic tenets of Brazilian foreign policy—nonintervention. The case study of Brazil's role in the Dominican Republic in 1965 which follows provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of traditional forces and contemporary events on Brazilian foreign policy at a critical juncture in that nation's history.

scholarly journals Impact of government policies on Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC): A case study – Part I (Models)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Ghahremanlou ◽  
Wieslaw Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
General Model ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Renewable Fuel Standard ◽  
Stochastic Programming Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Environmental concerns and energy security have led governments to establish legislations to convertConventional Petroleum Supply Chain (CPSC) to Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC). The United States(US), one of the biggest oil consumers in the world, has created regulations to manage ethanol production and con-sumption for the last half century. Though these regulations have created new opportunities, they have also added newburdens to the obligated parties. It is thus key for the government, the obligated parties, and related businesses to studythe impact of the policies on the SPSC. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model, General Model (GM),which incorporates Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (RFS2), Tax Credits, Tariffs, and Blend Wall (BW) to study the policyimpact on the SPSC using cellulosic ethanol. The model, as any other general model available in the literature, makesit highly impractical to study the policy impact due to the model’s computational complexity. We use the GM to derivea Lean Model (LM) to study the impact by running computational experiments more efficiently and consequently byarriving at robust managerial insights much faster. We present a case study of the policy impact on the SPSC in theState of Nebraska using the LM in the accompanying part II (Ghahremanlou and Kubiak 2020).

Waste-to-Energy Project Economics and Financing: A Look Into the Factors Influencing the Future

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Clunie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on significant changes in the overall economics of waste-to-energy (WTE) during the last 30 years. The WTE industry in this country has seen several different business cycles occur since 1975, as different market drivers have caused the industry to rise and fall. This paper compares: (1) those economic factors that were in play in 1975, when the first WTE facility in the United States was built, and the industry was in its infancy; (2) the factors at play when the WTE industry was at its height in 1990; and (3) some of the factors that caused the industry’s steep downward trend since 1994, when the last greenfield WTE facility in the United States was built. The paper will identify changes that have occurred with regard to the pricing of electricity and the ability of public sectors to charge non-market-based tipping fees. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and focuses on completed economic factors to be considered when comparing WTE with other waste disposal means. The paper discusses the drivers of 2006 and whether the industry is finally poised to begin an upward turn in the cycle. The paper focuses on the impact of the cost of diesel fuel oil on the overall economics of long-haul transfer, and how that is likely to impact the future development of WTE facilities. The paper also presents a case study of a recent analysis that was undertaken for two counties that were evaluating the financial viability of WTE as compared to other disposal options.

Cost of Pavement Damage Due to Heavier Loads on Louisiana Highways: Preliminary Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 1732 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy L. Roberts ◽  
Ludfi Djakfar
Keyword(s):  
Pavement Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Present Worth ◽  
Gross Vehicle Weight ◽  
Pavement Damage ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Government Statistics ◽  
The Impact

A preliminary assessment is made of the impact of increasing the gross vehicle weight (GVW) from current legal limits to 100,000 lb (45 400 kg) on vehicles hauling sugarcane, rice, timber, and cotton. Sections of road were chosen in each area of Louisiana where commodities are produced, the amount of each commodity hauled was estimated, and the effects of increasing the GVW were evaluated for each section using pavement design models. Design data were secured from the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development computer database and project files to determine the pavement design parameters and traffic estimates for each road. The number of vehicles hauling the 1998 harvest payload was estimated, a projected increase in the production of each commodity was estimated on the basis of government statistics, and rehabilitations were designed with the use of the 1986 AASHTO Design Guide for a 20-year analysis period. Present worth (PW) was calculated for each GVW scenario for each roadway. Comparisons of PW between the weight scenarios showed that increases in GVW have more effect on state and U.S. highways than they do on Interstate highways. Any increase in GVW over current limits increases the cost of overlays and decreases the length of time before an overlay is required. The cost increase due to increasing the GVW is substantial. Fee structures should be modified by the legislature so that these costs are paid for either through the current registration and overweight permit fee structure or through some new tax, such as a ton-mile tax.

Road Closures and Freight Diversion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2269 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pierce ◽  
Jeffrey Short
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Data Points ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Impact

The FHWA-sponsored Freight Performance Measures (FPM) program generates and monitors a series of performance measures related to the freight transportation system of the United States. The primary information analyzed by the FPM program is a data set consisting of billions of Global Positioning System data points from trucks. These data can be used to demonstrate empirically changes in truck travel patterns and freight performance independent of the availability of roadside sensing technology. A case study that was based on the flooding closure of Arkansas Interstate 40 in May 2011 was presented to show how FPM data can be used to analyze diversion behavior around road closures. This type of empirical analysis is in contrast to the majority of current diversion analyses, which rely on modeling to generate results. Not only do FPM data provide a viable alternative to modeling for studying past events, but the data may provide valuable insight into the underlying assumptions of future models designed to predict the impact of disaster scenarios. By understanding more fully how previous events unfolded, planners can prepare better for the next disaster.

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