Slave Women and Their Descendants among the Upper Classes in Tetouan, Morocco (1859–1956): Between Recognition and Conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 036319902096739
Author(s):  
Josep Lluís Mateo Dieste
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Slave Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Determinant Factor

In the Arab world, the recognized children of elite men and slave women could adopt the status of their father, ignoring the slave origin of the mother, owing to a system of patrilineal transmission. This regime co-existed with negative stereotypes toward slaves and blackness, despite the very fact that—as this study of notable families in Tetouan between 1859 and 1956 demonstrates—skin color was not the determinant factor to form part of this group. Rather, it was based on the social definition of filiation, leading to legal disputes between family members to delineate the boundaries of kinship.

Artfully thinking the prosocial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Warr ◽  
Gretel Taylor ◽  
Richard Williams
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Creative Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Status

This chapter explores how arts-based activities form part of an experimental approach for social research that fuses sociological insights with creative practice. As an ethos, people conceive the prosocial as seeking to promote collective human flourishing, while a prosocial practice is inclusive and imaginative. The potential to flourish is supported by involvement in diverse social relations that connect people as families, friends, communities, neighbourhoods, and nations. Experiences of social collectivity, however, are being shredded through the expanding dominance, and cascading impacts, of market-oriented ideologies. The chapter shows how the status of the social as a nonmarket domain has little value or sense when seen from within these dominant ideological framings.

Crkvene institucije u srednjovjekovnoj praksi

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (88) ◽  
pp. 21-46
Author(s):  
Ante Bećir
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Political Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

The article sought to put the social and political agency of the Trogir Canons in the period from 1300 to 1360 into the wider context of political conflicts that took place between opposing noble factions within the Trogir commune in the 14th century. However, before commencing with the analysis, the author gives a basic insight into the status and infrastructure of the Trogir ecclesiastical organization, situated in its respective Dalmatian- Croatian and Hungarian context. Starting with the normative definition of a Cathedral Chapter, which exists to assist the Bishop and engage in the pastoral care of its human flock, the article compares the idea with the practical dealings of the Trogir Canons. It is highlighted that their dealings were almost primarily concerned with these-worldly matters. On the other hand, and on the basis of tracking several Trogir Canons, namely Jacob son of Peter (Vitturi), John son of Peter (Castrafoci), Stephan son of Michael (Cega), Lampredius son of Jacob (Vitturi), Kazarica son of Martin (Kazarice), Albert son of Marinus (Andreis) and some others, which are heavily exposed in the primary sources, it is argued that the Trogir Cathedral Chapter was not functioning in practice as an independent church corporation, rather than the Canons were in one way or another involved in the factional strifes. More precisely, the considered canons were deeply connected with the noble families, from which practically all of them originated, and sequentially with the informal factions. Therefore, the Canons exploited the existing institutional (corporate) framework and material resources of the Cathedral Chapter in the pursuit of their own individual or factional goals. In that respect, the Cathedral Chapter cannot be considered as an entity separate from the activities of the city lay authorities, regardless of the actual distinction in political and judicial jurisdiction between ecclesiastical and secular institutions. The Case of Trogir provided very fruitful material, which allowed the unraveling of social and political networks and the role of individual participants in the collective (political) agency. In other words, the paper put the focus more on individual agency, and less to structures, bearing in mind that individual agency is exactly that which shapes the institutions in the end.

A Study on the Necessity of Enactment of Framework Act on Social Economy: Focusing on the Status and Contents of Si and Gun’s Local Ordinances related to Social Economy in Gyeonggi-do

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Young Soo Park
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Enterprise ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Local Ordinances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Specific Definition

Social-economic entities, such as village enterprises and cooperatives, have appeared in addition to social enterprises since the ‘Social Enterprise Promotion Act’ was enacted, and local governments have established ordinances to support them. However, the ordinances have not been generalised and applied as there is no specific definition of ‘Social Economy’ in the applicable parent Act - Social Enterprise Promotion Act. This research aims to revitalise the social economy in local cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do. Thus, the paper has conducted a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the local authorities’ ordinances. The study has identified complex problems of the local ordinances and suggests potential directions for further developments for the ‘Social Economy Ordinances’. The results of the exploration are as follows. Firstly, 27 out of 31 cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do have established and implemented the ‘Social Economy Ordinances’; however, most of them have not specified ‘parent laws’ of the ordinances. Secondly, although, the definitions of ‘Social Economy Ordinances’ are varied in individual local governments in Gyeonggi-do, they have been using similar keywords. Thirdly, the target scopes of the policies under the current ‘Social Economy Ordinances’ operated by local authorities are inconsistent and incoherent in terms of the system of norm and effectiveness. Thus, the ordinances are needed to be collectively reorganised and modified when the Basic Act on Social Economy are enacted. Although the scopes of support are proper in terms of the system of effectiveness, it is necessary to improve the post-management sections for the policy of supporting the social economy.

The Description of Formative Judaism: The Social Perspective of the Mishnah's System of Civil Law and Government

AJS Review ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-79
Author(s):  
Jacob Neusner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Systematic Account ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Temple

Mishnah's division of Damages presents a complete and systematic account of a theory of Israelite civil law and government. While drawing on diverse materials of earlier ages, beginning, of course, with the diverse Mosaic codes themselves, Mishnah's system came to closure after the Bar Kokhba War. Like its account of the Temple and its cult, Mishnah here speaks of nonexistent institutions and prohibited activities. There being no Israelite government, Mishnah's legislation for a high priest and Temple, a king and an army, speaks of a world which may have been in times past (this is dubious) but did not exist at the time of the Mishnaic discourse on the subject. The division of damages is composed of two subsystems which fit together logically, one on the conduct of civil society—commerce, trade, real estate, the other on the institutions of civil society—courts, administration. The main point of the former subsystem is that the task of society is to maintain perfect stasis, to preserve the status quo, and to secure the stability of all transactions. In the interchange of buying and selling, giving and taking, torts and damages, there must be an essential equality of exchange. No one should come out with more than he had at the outset. There should be no sizable shift in fortune or circumstance. The stable and unchanging economy of society must be preserved. The aim of the law is to restore the antecedent status of a person who has been injured. When we ask whose perspective is represented in a system of such a character and such emphases, we turn to examine the recurrent subject-matter of the division's cases. The subject of all predicates, in fact, is the householder, the small landholder. The definition of the problems for Mishnah's attention accords with the matters of concrete concern to the proprietary class: responsible, undercapitalized, overextended, committed to a barter economy (in a world of specie and currency), above all, aching for a stable and reliable world in which to do its work.

The Future of Adolescent Psychiatry

1995 ◽  
Vol 166 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ll. Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Definition Of

BackgroundAppraisal of the future of adolescent psychiatry is required urgently, in view of the increasing scrutiny of mental health service priorities and the need for informed planning of psychiatric training and manpower requirements.MethodFuture developments are set in the context of the changing concept and connotations of adolescence, the history and present position of adolescent psychiatry, and the rationale for separate services.ResultsPredictions are derived using trend extrapolation, in relation to a number of factors likely to determine the future. These include the social value attached to adolescence and youth, the status of adolescent medicine, the definition of clinical boundaries, the upper age-limit of services, investment in prevention, postgraduate training, research, the evaluation and marketing of adolescent psychiatry and, finally, its recognition as a separate sub-speciality.ConclusionsPredictions suggest that adolescent psychiatry will assume an expanding clinical role and increasing academic influence in the 21st century.

scholarly journals Those who differentiate by skin tones are at the top: status attributions and skin pigmentation in Chile

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Torres ◽  
Mauricio Salgado ◽  
Bernardo Mackenna ◽  
Javier Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conditional Effect ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Cues ◽  
White Elite

A growing body of research has shown that skin pigmentation plays a fundamental role in stratification dynamics in Latin American countries. However, the relevance of skin color on status attribution for different status groups has been poorly studied in the region. This article seeks to broaden the research on phenotypic status cues using Chile as a context for analysis – a Latin American country with a narrow although continuous spectrum of skin tones, marked status differences, and a mostly white elite. We draw on status construction theory to hypothesize that skin pigmentation in Chile has become a status cue, although its heuristic relevance could differ across status groups. Using visual stimuli and a repeated measure design, we studied this relationship and tested whether the use of skin pigmentation as a status cue is conditional upon the status of those categorizing others. The results reveal that, although skin pigmentation has a negligible direct effect on status attribution, it does have a conditional effect on the social status of the rater: whereas skin pigmentation does not work as a status cue for lower status participants, it is an important status marker for the categorizations that high-status participants perform. The phenotypic composition of reference groups of low and high-status individuals and system justification are discussed as potential explanations for these results.

scholarly journals The coronavirus pandemic's socio-psychological paradox

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 16014
Author(s):  
Larisa Litvinova ◽  
Atsamaz Kaloyev ◽  
Lyubov' Gubareva ◽  
Emma Abakarova
Keyword(s):  
Social Factor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
External Threat ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychosocial Situation

The multifaceted nature of the new socio-psychological stressors encountered during the period of isolation make this investigation necessary. The aim of this research is to discover the expression of the social factor and its effect on the level of children’s communication within the family. The coronavirus pandemic has forced much of the planet's population to go into self-isolation, which for the overwhelming majority means staying with their families, who are experiencing the same state of fear. In the coronavirus pandemic the modern, globalised world has gathered all three (biological, social, existential) in one. This results in a paradoxical psychosocial situation in which a person needs space in order to formulate new defensive mechanisms, yet has to share that space with family members. The external threat, the coronavirus pandemic, is complemented by the psychological threat posed by the family – a double threat which places at risk not only physical health, but also psychological state, which requires “ecology of communication”. The levels of social and psychological fear depend on freedom of movement, territorial limits, the ability to choose to communicate or not (“contact hygiene”), levels of trust within the family, types of interaction between all family members regardless of age, and the definition of personal space.

scholarly journals Social protection of the population of Ukraine in the context of social policy and integration processes

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Natalia Yevtushenko ◽  
Vita Vinogradnya ◽  
Vitalina Malyshko
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Intellectual Potential

The subject of the work the conditions, characteristics and trends of creation of effective system of social protection of the population. The aim of this work is to study the main directions of state social policy in the context of integration processes. The methodology of work. The work is done on the basis of studies of modern scientific views on the definition of the nature and development of social protection and social policy in Ukraine under conditions of integration processes. The results of the work. The article is devoted to social protection issues in the context of social policy, because the main objective of this policy is improving the welfare and the promotion of comprehensive state protection of the intellectual potential of society, given the characteristics of integration processes. Assessed the status and trends of development of financial provision of social protection in Ukraine and assess its compliance with the European norms and standards. Formulated proposals for the development of system of financial provision of social protection in Ukraine in the context of processes of European integration. Conclusions. The analysis of current formations of the essence of the term "social protection" have shown that it is interpreted by scientists around the same, this implies a system of measures which compensate for the social inequality of citizens, to ensure equal access of every person to a certain minimum of social benefits, to protect every individual against social risks, which always have a place in human life. Ascertained the need and trends of gradual reform of the social protection system in Ukraine with the aim of as close as possible to her baseline conditions in the relevant international norms and standards embodied in ILO instruments and European Union, which are designed to guarantee a decent life to every person upon the occurrence of the relevant social risks regardless of gender, age, duration of stay in a particular country.

Climbing down the ladder makes you play it safe

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 946-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjae Yi ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
Jae Won Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
High Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Socially Excluded ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to examine how social exclusion and the social status of a rejecter affect consumers’ purchase intentions toward ordinary products. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings The status of a rejecter, whether high or low, had a significant influence on individuals’ evaluations of ordinary products. Results showed that individuals who were rejected by a low status source had higher purchase intentions toward the ordinary (vs unique) products compared to those who were rejected by a high status source due to threatened self-concept. Practical implications With the increased number of lonely consumers in the market today, firms should pay closer attention to the behavioral patterns of consumers who are socially excluded. In addition, firms should be aware that consumers’ purchase intentions vary depending on the sources of social exclusion. Originality/value This paper addresses the significant impact of sources of social exclusion on consumers’ evaluation of ordinary products. Moreover, this study focuses on a relatively neglected definition of social status, namely, the sociometric status, to fill the gap in the social status literature.

scholarly journals Subversive Paradigms of the Subject in Nan Goldin’s queer Photography: Human Plurality and Epistemological Revisions

2018 ◽  
Vol Épistémologies du pluriel (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Grué
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Heterosexual Couple ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Audience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Drag Queens

International audience This article associates discourses on the subject, the sociology of photography and Nan Goldin’s work, and argues that the photographer questions gender paradigms leading to the definition of « abject » identities. As she reinvests the snapshot aesthetic and family photography, Goldin reveals the plurality of gender identities. Her photography documents the dismantling of the heterosexual couple and claims the social viability of homosexuals, transgender people and drag queens, thus rising to the status of subaltern knowledge and counter-discourse on humanity. Cet article croise les discours sur le sujet, la sociologie de la photographie et l’oeuvre de Nan Goldin, et soutient que la photographe interrogeles paradigmes de genre menant à la définition d’identités « abjectes ». En réinvestissant l’esthétique de l’instantané et de la photographie de famille, Goldin rend compte de la pluralité des identités de genre. Sa photographie documente le délitement du couple hétérosexuel et revendique la viabilité des identités homosexuelles, des transgenres et des drag queens, s’érigeant en savoir minoritaire et en contre discours sur l’humain. Questo articolo incrocio i discorsi sul soggetto, la sociologia della fotografia e sostiene che la fotografia da Nan Goldin interroga i paradigmi di genere che conduce alla definizione da identità “abiette”. Reinvestendo l’estetica dell’istantanea e della fotografia di famiglia, Goldin rende conto della pluralità delle identità di genere. La sua fotografia documenta lo smontagio della coppia eterosessuale e rivendichi la viabilità delle identità omosessuali, dei transgenres e dei drag queens, che si erigono scibile minoritario ed in contro discorso sull’umano

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