New intermediations of the electoral information flows: Changes in the Digital Public Sphere in election campaigns in Spain (2008–15)

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Lobera ◽  
Víctor Sampedro
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time

In this article, we analyse the evolution of electoral information flows in Spain in the digital environment. Three post-electoral surveys (2008, 2011 and 2015) among internet users ( N = 4,312) and a series of focus groups enable us to analyse the process of expansion of the Digital Public Sphere (DPS) in Spain. We show that, instead of disintermediation, new intermediations of the electoral information flows appear. The candidacies no longer monopolize the electoral communication; rather, they share spaces in the DPS with personal contacts and civic-social organizations. We observe that, for the first time, in the 2015 elections, the influence exercised by the digital media – particularly social media – exceeded the information received directly from people they know, print media and radio. However, television remained the most influential media during the elections. We note that the use of the DPS in electoral campaigns is increasingly hybrid and dialogical. We find that, in the Spanish case, these changes are linked to the emergence of the 15M movement, which encouraged the emergence of internet-based civil organizations. The traditional political players continue to occupy a very significant role as a source of electoral information, but they share space with this new type of civil organization and with the extensive network of digital contacts. Changes in the Spanish DPS between 2008 and 2015 evidence a greater diversity in information sources and more citizens play an increasingly active role in the creation, modification and dissemination of political content.

scholarly journals Alfabetización digital: infografía impresa vs. infografía multimedia / Digital Literacy: Infographics Versus Interactives

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago M. Martínez Arias
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Type ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Alfabetización Digital

ABSTRACTInfographics is a new type of Journalism, a new Genre, adapted to the needs, both formal  and functional, of communications. Its layout is quite different depending on two media developments, static (printed or displayed on a screen, printed graphics) or dynamic (adaptation of digital media including multimedia possibilities, multimedia graphics). This is shown in several academic studies, the infographics widespread in media use and the profusion of infographics professionals. After a summary of the situation, we study the case of three Spanish Newspapers and two from the USA with graphics  department,  analyzing  developments  informative  infographics into  two  separate  ways,  printed  paper  or  static display on the screen, and in its evolution work in the digital environment. We have checked how the general public is still not  properly literate  to  make  a  general  consume  of  the  digital  development. This  requires a rethinking of the structure  of media companies as far as graphics and data journalism is concerned.RESUMENLa infografía periodística es un nuevo género adaptado a las necesidades, tanto formales como funcionales, de los receptores. Su presentación y resultados es distinta en función de sus dos desarrollos, estático (impreso o presentado en una pantalla) o dinámico (adaptación de las piezas informativas a los medios digitales incluyendo posibilidades multime-dia). Así lo avalan diversos estudios académicos, su utilización generalizada en los medios de comunicación y la profusión de agencias y profesionales dedicados a ello. Tras un resumen del estado de la cuestión, estudiamos el caso de tres diarios españoles y dos norteamericanos con departamento de infografía, analizando los desarrollos de infografías informativas en dos explotaciones distintas, el papel impreso o la exposición estática en pantalla frente a la evolución del mismo trabajo en el entorno digital. Comprobamos cómo el público en general todavía no está apropiadamente alfabetizado para consumir de forma total este último desarrollo digital. Ello obliga al replanteamiento de la estructura de las empresas informativas en lo que a infografía y periodismo de datos se refiere. Pero sobre todo a la adaptación de los profesionales de la información a este tipo de exposiciones.

scholarly journals Campanhas eleitorais on-line: desafios na inserção de candidatos na ágora digital │ On-line election campaigns: challenges to candidates' insertion in the digital agora

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Sangirardi ◽  
Fernanda Nalon Sanglard
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
On Line

RESUMO Este artigo visa contribuir com o debate teórico sobre o estágio de desenvolvimento dos estudos de campanhas eleitorais na internet. O objetivo é refletir sobre os desafios que serão enfrentados por candidatos nas eleições de 2014, no sentido da produção de presença no ambiente digital. A internet, preponderante nos processos que resultaram nas manifestações da chamada “primavera brasileira”, será pensada em relação aos riscos e incertezas que oferece aos candidatos, por conta da desestabilização que promove na comunicação política.Palavras-chave: Comunicação política; Campanhas eleitorais; Internet.ABSTRACT This article aims to contribute to the theoretical debate on the development stage of studies of election campaigns on the internet. The intention is to reflect on the challenges that will be faced by candidates in the 2014 Brazilian elections, regarding inclusion in the digital environment. The internet, preponderant in the processes that resulted in the manifestations of the "Brazilian spring", will be considered in relation to risks and uncertainties to the candidates, due to the destabilization that it promotes in political communication.Keywords: Political communication; Electoral campaigns; Internet.

scholarly journals Elections in V4 countries after 30 years. Features of 2019–2020 electoral campaigns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Vedernikov ◽  
◽  
Lyubov Shishelina ◽  
Andrei Habarta ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Visegrad Group ◽  
Different Levels

The collective monograph, written by leading Russian specialists in Central Europe, provides an overview of the election campaigns of 2019–2020 in the Visegrad group countries (Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic). The analysis is based on the elections of different levels in these countries, as well as on the elections to the European Parliament in 2019; i.e. 30 years after the first free elections in the «post-socialist countries». The key trends of electoral behavior of the region’s residents during the latest election campaigns are identified, as well as the main directions of the region’s political evolution in recent years. For the first time, the attention of researchers is focused on the transformation of the political process under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cyberpolitik

ADALAH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munadhil Abdul Muqsith
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Mailing List ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
First Time

Abstract:The internet developed for the first time in Indonesia in the early 1990s. Starting from the pagayuban network, it is now expanding without boundaries anywhere. A survey conducted by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII) said that the number of internet users in Indonesia in 2012 reached 63 million people or 24.23 percent of the country's total population. Next year, that figure is predicted to increase by close to 30 percent to 82 million users and continue to grow to 107 million in 2014 and 139 million or 50 percent of the total population in 2015. million people. This matter also results in political communication with the internet media, or is often said to be cyber politics. Cyber politics in Indonesia has faced growth in recent years. There are many facilities that support the growth of cyber politics, such as Facebook, Twitter, mailing list, YouTube, and others.Keywords: Cyberpolitik, Internet  Abstrak:Internet berkembang pertama kali di Indonesia pada awal tahun 1990-an. Diawali dari pagayuban network kini berkembang luas tanpa batas dimanapun juga. Suatu survei yang diselenggarakan Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (APJII) mengatakan kalau jumlah pengguna internet di Indonesia tahun 2012 menggapai 63 juta orang ataupun 24,23 persen dari total populasi negeri ini. Tahun depan, angka itu diprediksi naik dekat 30 persen jadi 82 juta pengguna serta terus berkembang jadi 107 juta pada 2014 serta 139 juta ataupun 50 persen total populasi pada 2015. juta orang. Perihal ini pula berakibat pada komunikasi politik dengan media internet, ataupun kerap diucap dengan cyber politic. Cyber politic di Indonesia hadapi pertumbuhan sebagian tahun terakhir. Banyaknya fasilitas yang menunjang pertumbuhan cyber politic semacam terdapatnya facebook, Twitter, mailing list, youtobe, serta lain-lain.Kata Kunci: Cyberpolitik, Internet 

Im Archiv der Öffentlichkeit

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Maresch
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Oder Eine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
The Public Sphere

Durch den digitalen Medienwandel ist der Begriff der Öffentlichkeit problematisch geworden. Die Debatte fokussiert sich zumeist auf die Frage, ob die sogenannte bürgerliche Öffentlichkeit durch das Internet im Niedergang begriffen ist oder eine Intensivierung und Pluralisierung erfährt. Rudolf Maresch zeichnet die berühmte Untersuchung der Kategorie durch Jürgen Habermas nach und zieht den von ihm konstatierten Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit in Zweifel. Dagegen verweist er auf die gouvernementalen und medialen Prozesse, die jede Form von Kommunikation immer schon gesteuert haben. Öffentlichkeit sei daher ein Epiphänomen nicht allein des Zeitungswesens, sondern der bereits vorgängig ergangenen postalischen Herstellung einer allgemeinen Adressierbarkeit von Subjekten. Heute sei Öffentlichkeit innerhalb der auf Novitäts- und Erregungskriterien abstellenden Massenmedien ein mit anderen Angeboten konkurrierendes Konzept. Mercedes Bunz konstatiert ebenfalls eine Ausweitung und Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeit durch den digitalen Medienwandel, sieht aber die entscheidenden Fragen in der Konzeption und Verteilung von Evaluationswissen und Evaluationsmacht. Nicht mehr die sogenannten Menschen, sondern Algorithmen entscheiden über die Verbreitung und Bewertung von Nachrichten. Diese sind in der Öffentlichkeit – die sie allererst erzeugen – weitgehend verborgen. Einig sind sich die Autoren darin, dass es zu einer Pluralisierung von Öffentlichkeiten gekommen ist, während der Öffentlichkeitsbegriff von Habermas auf eine singuläre Öffentlichkeit abstellt. </br></br>Due to the transformation of digital media, the notion of “publicity” has become problematic. In most cases, the debate is focused on the question whether the internet causes a decline of so-called civic publicity or rather intensifies and pluralizes it. Rudolf Maresch outlines Jürgen Habermas's famous study of this category and challenges his claim concerning its “structural transformation,” referring to the governmental and medial processes which have always already controlled every form of communication. Publicity, he claims, is an epiphenomenon not only of print media, but of a general addressability of subjects, that has been produced previously by postal services. Today, he concludes, publicity is a concept that competes with other offers of mass media, which are all based on criteria of novelty and excitement. Mercedes Bunz also notes the expansion and pluralization of the public sphere due to the change of digital media, but sees the crucial issues in the design and distribution of knowledge and power by evaluation. So-called human beings no longer decide on the dissemination and evaluation of information, but algorithms, which are for the most part concealed from the public sphere that they produce in the first place. Both authors agree that a pluralization of public sphere(s) has taken place, while Habermas's notion of publicity refers to a single public sphere.

On Waxen Wings: Challenges to the Public Sphere in the Network Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Francoeur
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Multiple Viewpoints ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Communicative Space

There is a tendency, particularly among Western pundits and technologists, to examine the Internet in almost universally positive terms; this is most evident in any discussion of the medium’s capacity for democratization. While the Internet has produced many great things for society in terms of cultural and economic production, some consideration must be given to the implications that such a revolutionary medium holds for the public sphere. By creating a communicative space that essentially grants everyone his or her own microphone, the Internet is fragmenting public discourse due to the proliferation of opinions and messages and the removal of traditional gatekeepers of information. More significantly, because of the structural qualities of the Internet, users no longer have to expose themselves to opinions and viewpoints that fall outside their own preconceived notions. This limits the robustness of the public sphere by limiting the healthy debate that can only occur when exposed to multiple viewpoints. Ultimately, the Internet is not going anywhere, so it is important to equip the public with the tools and knowledge to be able to navigate the digital space. 

A Relationship Between the Factor Indivisibility and the Output Elasticity of the Indivisible Factor

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102222098516
Author(s):  
Dipankar Das
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Limit Point ◽  
Mathematical Proof ◽  
Wage Equation ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Output Elasticity ◽  
New Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Jel Classifications

The paper puts forth a notion and derives a special type of production function where labour is an indivisible factor and is in the integer space. Thus, Newtonian calculus is not an appropriate method of deriving the marginal value because limit point does not exist. This shows that indivisibility determines the output elasticity. In the first part, the paper propounds a notion regarding how indivisibility determines curvature of the production function. In the second part, the paper incorporates the findings within a production function and derives a new type accordingly. Moreover, it formally derives the standard wage equation considering all the entitlements of labour, namely (a) normal wages, (b) interest and (c) rent of ability. So far, no such mathematical proof is there to support this wage composition. This paper, for the first time, derives this wage equation considering indivisibility of labour. JEL Classifications: J23, J24, J31, D24, C61, E24, L8

scholarly journals A Novel Six-Rhodopsin System in a Single Archaeon

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (22) ◽  
pp. 5866-5873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Yuan Fu ◽  
Yu-Cheng Lin ◽  
Yung-Ning Chang ◽  
Hsiaochu Tseng ◽  
Ching-Che Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Haloarcula Marismortui ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
New Type ◽  
Ion Transportation ◽  
Proton Transporters ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Microbial rhodopsins, a diverse group of photoactive proteins found in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, function in photosensing and photoenergy harvesting and may have been present in the resource-limited early global environment. Four different physiological functions have been identified and characterized for nearly 5,000 retinal-binding photoreceptors, these being ion transporters that transport proton or chloride and sensory rhodopsins that mediate light-attractant and/or -repellent responses. The greatest number of rhodopsins previously observed in a single archaeon had been four. Here, we report a newly discovered six-rhodopsin system in a single archaeon, Haloarcula marismortui, which shows a more diverse absorbance spectral distribution than any previously known rhodopsin system, and, for the first time, two light-driven proton transporters that respond to the same wavelength. All six rhodopsins, the greatest number ever identified in a single archaeon, were first shown to be expressed in H. marismortui, and these were then overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The proteins were purified for absorption spectra and photocycle determination, followed by measurement of ion transportation and phototaxis. The results clearly indicate the existence of a proton transporter system with two isochromatic rhodopsins and a new type of sensory rhodopsin-like transducer in H. marismortui.

Research on the Key Technologies for New Large Dual-Platen High-Precision Clamping System

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guo Dong Lu ◽  
Zheng Qi Ling
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Adaptive Correction ◽  
Hydraulic Servo ◽  
New Type ◽  
Clamping System ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
First Time

High- precision and large scale are the developing trend for injection molding machine clamping system .This paper compared the characteristics of three-platen toggle and dual-platen hydraulic clamping system. The key impact factors that effecting plastic parts` precision from clamping system were discussed systematically first time. Based on these analyses, a new clamping system has been proposed and manufactured to improve the plastics parts` precision, including three new technologies: new type dual-platen structure, parallelism adaptive correction technology and numerical controlled hydraulic servo system technology. It has been applied in practical machine successfully, and experiment result proves that it is effective enough to satisfying the high-precision molding of large plastics parts.

scholarly journals Occupy Judaism: Religion, Digital Media, and the Public Sphere

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Fader ◽  
Owen Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere
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