Conflit armé et trauma: une étude clinique chez des enfants réfugiés latino-américains

This exploratory research on psychic consequences of armed conflicts has been carried out in Montreal on 30 latin-americans, eight to 12 year-old refugees. The principal objective was to assert the importance of traumas intensity, accumulation and age of occurence on the level and type of symptomatology (introversion-extroversion). Using two types of methodologies, clinical scales and in a more exploratory way, projective instruments to study the intra-psychic dynamic underlying the symptomatology observed. The children were classified according to trauma intensity and for this purpose, a trauma scale was defined with latin-american informants. ACHENBACH and DOMINIQUE clinical evaluation scales were appplied to the measure of clinical symptomatology. These instruments were analysed as a function of the symptoms intensity and type. Among results, the accumulation and intensity of traumas were found to be in significant correlation with anxio-depressive symptoms, as reported by the children with interiorization symptoms in ACHENBACH. The predominance of interiorization is discussed. The analysis of the TAT, based on objective indicators, brought out a light frequency of violent themes in relations with the clinical symptomatology. This research indicates the relevance of projective instruments to the study of traumatic response.

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Palestinian Diaspora Communities in Latin America and Palestinian Statehood

Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies ◽

10.3366/hlps.2020.0230 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 101-120

Author(s):

Yousef M. Aljamal ◽

Philipp O. Amour

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

South America ◽

Latin American ◽

Economic Life ◽

Self Determination ◽

The Political ◽

Middle Classes ◽

Latin Americans ◽

Political Views ◽

The Right

There are some 700,000 Latin Americans of Palestinian origin, living in fourteen countries of South America. In particular, Palestinian diaspora communities have a considerable presence in Chile, Honduras, and El Salvador. Many members of these communities belong to the professional middle classes, a situation which enables them to play a prominent role in the political and economic life of their countries. The article explores the evolving attitudes of Latin American Palestinians towards the issue of Palestinian statehood. It shows the growing involvement of these communities in Palestinian affairs and their contribution in recent years towards the wide recognition of Palestinian rights — including the right to self-determination and statehood — in Latin America. But the political views of members of these communities also differ considerably about the form and substance of a Palestinian statehood and on the issue of a two-states versus one-state solution.

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Contribution of food groups to energy, grams and nutrients-to-limit: The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health/Estudio Latino Americano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s136898002100152x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-34

Author(s):

Regina Mara Fisberg ◽

Ana Carolina Barco Leme ◽

Ágatha Nogueira Previdelli ◽

Aline Veroneze de Mello ◽

Angela Martinez Arroyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Food Sources ◽

American Study ◽

Food Groups ◽

Latin American Study ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Added Sugars ◽

Latin Americans

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the energy, nutrients-to-limit and total gram amount consumed, and identify their top food sources consumed by Latin Americans. Design: Data from The Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS). Setting: ELANS is a cross-sectional study representative of eight Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Participants: Two 24h dietary recalls on non-consecutive days were used to estimate usual dietary intake of 9218 participants with ages between 15-65years. “What We Eat in America” food classification system developed by USDA was adapted and used to classify all food items consumed by the ELANS population. Food sources of energy, added sugars, saturated fatty acids (SFA), sodium and total gram amount consumed were identified and ranked based on percentage contribution to intake of total amount. Results: Three-highest ranked food categories of total energy consumed were: rice (10.3%), yeast breads (6.9%), and turnovers and other grain-based items (6.8%). Highest ranked food sources of total gram amount consumed were: fruit drinks (9.6%), other 100% juice (9.3%), and rice (8.3%). Three highest ranked sources for added sugars were: other 100% juice (24.1%), fruit drinks (16.5%), and sugar and honey (12.4%). SFA ranked foods were: turnovers and other grain-based (12.6%), cheese (11.9%), and pizza (10.3%). Three top sources of sodium were: rice (13.9%), soups (9.1%), and rice mixed dishes (7.3%). Conclusion: Identification of top sources of energy and nutrients-to-limit among Latin Americans is critical for designing strategies to help them meet nutrient recommendations within energy needs.

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Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Caregivers of People With Dementia in Latin America: A Review

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.881 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 275-276

Author(s):

Jose Aravena ◽

Jean Gajardo ◽

Laura Gitlin

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Latin America ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Latin American ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Person With Dementia

Abstract In a scenario of increasing longevity and social inequalities, Latin-America is an important contributor to the worldwide dementia burden. Caregivers’ health is fundamental to maintain the person with dementia quality of life. However, caregiving is a culturally sensible role that requires tailored solutions. The aim is to synthesize the evidence about non-pharmacologic interventions targeted to caregivers of people with dementia in Latin-American contexts. A comprehensive review of interventions in caregivers and persons with dementia in Latin-American countries was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus with studies published until January 27th, 2020. Randomized clinical trials of non-pharmacologic interventions targeted to caregivers of people with dementia or dyads where included. Qualitative synthesis of the evidence was presented and analyzed. Overall, 9 pilot RCT were included for the final analysis (6 Brazil, 1 Colombia, 1 Mexico, 1 Perú). The biggest study recruited 69 caregivers and the smallest 13 dyads, with follow-up range of 3-6 months. 5 control groups received at least some other non-standard care type of intervention. 8 were targeted exclusively to caregivers (4 group intervention, 3 individual, and 1 combined) and 1 multicomponent intervention. Most frequent measured outcomes were caregiver’s burden, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, and person with dementia neuropsychiatric symptoms. Individual interventions report better results in caregiver parameters such as burden and depressive symptoms and person with dementia neuropsychiatric symptoms. Group interventions presented mixed results. Nevertheless, the quality of evidence was low. There is a critical need to study interventions for caregivers in Latin-American contexts.

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Cuba's International Cooperation in Health: An Overview

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/hs.37.4.k ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 761-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Pol De Vos ◽

Wim De Ceukelaire ◽

Mariano Bonet ◽

Patrick van der Stuyft

Keyword(s):

International Cooperation ◽

Latin American ◽

Health Program ◽

Medical Training ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Health Programs ◽

International Programs ◽

Disaster Victims ◽

Relief Operations ◽

Set Up

In the first years after Cuba's 1959 revolution, the island's new government provided international medical assistance to countries affected by natural disasters or armed conflicts. Step by step, a more structural complementary program for international collaboration was put in place. The relief operations after Hurricane Mitch, which struck Central America in 1998, were pivotal. From November 1998 onward, the “Integrated Health Program” was the cornerstone of Cuba's international cooperation. The intense cooperation with Hugo Chávez's Venezuela became another cornerstone. Complementary to the health programs abroad, Cuba also set up international programs at home, benefiting tens of thousands of foreign patients and disaster victims. In a parallel program, medical training is offered to international students in the Latin American Medical School in Cuba and, increasingly, also in their home countries. The importance and impact of these initiatives, however, cannot and should not be analyzed solely in public health terms.

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Secularization, Integration and Rationalization: Some Perspectives from Latin American Thought

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x00007501 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 199-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward J. Williams

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Developmental Process ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Latin Americans ◽

The Past ◽

New Concepts ◽

The Rich ◽

Latin American Thought ◽

Firing Line ◽

American Thought

For the past couple of decades the Latin Americans, like their brethren in Africa and Asia, have been hell-bent in search of ‘development’ or ‘modernization’. While the Latin Americans were on the firing line, scholars and policy-makers in both the rich nations and the poor nations were involved in setting out an intellectual framework for analyzing the developmental process. New concepts to explain the meaning of development were devised; innovative measurements to gauge the level of development were proposed; a new vocabulary to capture the nuances of development was put forth.

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The Role of Campus Data in Representing Depression Among College Students: Exploratory Research (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.12503 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Guang Mei ◽

Weisheng Xu ◽

Li Li ◽

Zhen Zhao ◽

Hao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Personal Information ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Online Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Depression is a predominant feature of many psychological problems leading to extreme behaviors and, in some cases, suicide. Campus information systems keep detailed and reliable student behavioral data; however, whether these data can reflect depression and we know the differences in behavior between depressive and nondepressive students are still research problems. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioral patterns of depressed students by using multisource campus data and exploring the link between behavioral preferences and depressive symptoms. The campus data described in this paper include basic personal information, academic performance, poverty subsidy, consumption habit, daily routine, library behavior, and meal habit, totaling 121 features. METHODS To identify potentially depressive students, we developed an online questionnaire system based on a standard psychometric instrument, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). To explore the differences in behavior of depressive and nondepressive students, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. In order to investigate the behavioral features of different depressive symptoms, factor analysis was used to divide the questionnaire items into different symptom groups and then correlation analysis was employed to study the extrinsic characteristics of each depressive symptom. RESULTS The correlation between these factors and the features were computed. The results indicated that there were 25 features correlated with either 4 factors or SDS score. The statistical results indicated that depressive students were more likely to fail exams, have poor meal habits, have increased night activities and decreased morning activities, and engage less in social activities (eg, avoiding meal times with friends). Correlation analysis showed that the somatic factor 2 (F4) was negatively correlated with the number of library visits (r=–.179, P<.001), and, compared with other factors, had the greatest impact on students’ daily schedule, eating and social habits. The biggest influencing factor to poor academic performance was cognitive factor F1, and its score was found to be significantly positively correlated with fail rate (r=.185, P=.02). CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this study indicate that campus data can reflect depression and its symptoms. By collecting a large amount of questionnaire data and combining machine learning algorithms, it is possible to realize an identification method of depression and depressive symptoms based on campus data.

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Política, Políticas e Imigração Internacional no Brasil: mudanças recentes e perspectivas

Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas ◽

10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n1.2019.21874 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 163-192

Author(s):

Roberto Rodolfo Georg Uebel ◽

Caroline Adorne Da Silva

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Regional Integration ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Migration Routes ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Latin Americans ◽

Environmental Migration ◽

Short Period ◽

Thematic Mapping ◽

Integration Project

From the field surveys performed in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, new migration routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and the impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration were identified in the immigration profile of Brazil. In this sense, this article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration in Brazil for the last five years, which saw profound changes in the domestic and foreign scenarios. From the country of the “Brazilian dream” of Latin Americans and Caribbeans, the country changed to the country of remigrations and forced emigrations, including refugees who settled here during the short period of the migratory Eldorado. Using the instruments of thematic mapping, which is now revisited and revised in relation to our previous productions, we will discuss what remained of the “new immigration country” from the ruptures that occurred with the 2016 impeachment and with the approval and effectiveness of the new Immigration Law from 2017. The article also broaches the recent discussions on the migration of Venezuelan refugees to the Brazilian territory and its repercussions on the Latin American integration project, apparently discontinued with the rise of such disorganized governments in the region. Finally, we bring in topics the immigration perspectives for Brazil in the coming years and linked to issues of defence, geopolitics and geoeconomics, including also the discussion on environmental migration.

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The Role of Campus Data in Representing Depression Among College Students: Exploratory Research

JMIR Mental Health ◽

10.2196/12503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e12503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guang Mei ◽

Weisheng Xu ◽

Li Li ◽

Zhen Zhao ◽

Hao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Personal Information ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Online Questionnaire

Background Depression is a predominant feature of many psychological problems leading to extreme behaviors and, in some cases, suicide. Campus information systems keep detailed and reliable student behavioral data; however, whether these data can reflect depression and we know the differences in behavior between depressive and nondepressive students are still research problems. Objective The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavioral patterns of depressed students by using multisource campus data and exploring the link between behavioral preferences and depressive symptoms. The campus data described in this paper include basic personal information, academic performance, poverty subsidy, consumption habit, daily routine, library behavior, and meal habit, totaling 121 features. Methods To identify potentially depressive students, we developed an online questionnaire system based on a standard psychometric instrument, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). To explore the differences in behavior of depressive and nondepressive students, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. In order to investigate the behavioral features of different depressive symptoms, factor analysis was used to divide the questionnaire items into different symptom groups and then correlation analysis was employed to study the extrinsic characteristics of each depressive symptom. Results The correlation between these factors and the features were computed. The results indicated that there were 25 features correlated with either 4 factors or SDS score. The statistical results indicated that depressive students were more likely to fail exams, have poor meal habits, have increased night activities and decreased morning activities, and engage less in social activities (eg, avoiding meal times with friends). Correlation analysis showed that the somatic factor 2 (F4) was negatively correlated with the number of library visits (r=–.179, P<.001), and, compared with other factors, had the greatest impact on students’ daily schedule, eating and social habits. The biggest influencing factor to poor academic performance was cognitive factor F1, and its score was found to be significantly positively correlated with fail rate (r=.185, P=.02). Conclusions The results presented in this study indicate that campus data can reflect depression and its symptoms. By collecting a large amount of questionnaire data and combining machine learning algorithms, it is possible to realize an identification method of depression and depressive symptoms based on campus data.

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Study of the Migratory Return: Analysis to the Condition of the Returned Migrant in the Educational and Labor Reintegration and the Entrepreneurship as an Area of Opportunity

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n10p83 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Iris E. Betanzos

Keyword(s):

International Migration ◽

Latin American ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Migration Process ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

The Third ◽

Evolution And Development ◽

Theoretical Line ◽

Indispensable Tool ◽

Latin American Countries

Studies on the educational and labor reintegration of migrants returned to Latin American countries have gained importance due to the economic and social implications of rehabilitation. In this article, the return of the migrant was considered part of the migration process. An exploratory research of publications in different international journals was carried out; when consulting the referenced articles, it was identified that at the time of return the migrant presents and perceives a moral, social, educational and work imbalance. From the deficiencies found in the theoretical lines studied - Educational reinsertion, Labor reintegration - the third theoretical line was included the importance of relating the concept of entrepreneurship as an area of opportunity for returned migrants. The results of the analysis of the studies and theoretical frameworks of international migration, showed great similarities of the phenomenon in different geographical spaces, being an indispensable tool to understand their different forms, evolution and development both in the countries of origin and destination.

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Why Latin America Is Rearming

Current History ◽

10.1525/curh.2011.110.733.62 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 110 (733) ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adam Isacson

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Armed Conflicts ◽

Latin American And Caribbean

At a time when few traditional armed conflicts are under way, internal threats continue to anchor the missions of most Latin American and Caribbean militaries.

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