Depression and Hopelessness in Children with Disruptive Behaviour Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Grizenko ◽  
Nicole Pawliuk
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Population ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour Disorders ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Treatment Comparisons ◽  
Age And Sex

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression in a day treatment compared to a control population of children and to determine whether or not day treatment is effective in normalizing depression and hopelessness. Twenty-five control children, matched by age and sex, were compared on self-report measures of depression and hopelessness to 25 children admitted to day treatment. Pre-post treatment comparisons were also made for day treatment children. Day treatment children at admission scored significantly higher on both depression and hopelessness than control children. Only boys in day treatment improved significantly at the time of their discharge. Children with disruptive behaviour disorders also experienced significant feelings of depression and hopelessness. Day treatment was effective in reducing these feelings to “normal” levels in boys only; girls continued to experience severe negative life events beyond their control.

scholarly journals Assessment of Undergraduates’ Real-World Outcomes of Critical Thinking in Everyday Situations

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R. Franco ◽  
Patrício S. Costa ◽  
Heather A. Butler ◽  
Leandro S. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Original Proposal ◽  
The Impact

Critical thinking is a kind of “good” thinking that integrates a set of cognitive skills and dispositions to use those skills with knowledge to increase the chances of success in academic settings, job market, and daily life. The impact of critical thinking on life events, in face of everyday decisions and challenges, is still unclear, and further research is needed. In this exploratory study, a sample of 230 first-year students of a Bachelor’s Degree or a Master’s Degree in Portugal completed an experimental Portuguese version of the Real-World Outcomes, a self-report inventory measuring everyday negative life events that are mediated by a lack of critical thinking. Based on exploratory factor analysis results and theoretical premises, changes were made to the Portuguese version of the inventory that was administered, and items were aggregated into six dimensions, creating a new version that is more familiar to Portuguese young adults in college. This original proposal of the inventory presents six types of negative life events resulting from a lack of critical thinking: health neglect, mismanagement, slackness, poor impulse control, academic negligence, and rashness. Both limitations and future potentialities of this version are presented.

On the Value of Knowing One's Likes and Dislikes: Attitude Accessibility, Stress, and Health in College

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Fazio ◽  
Martha C Powell
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Initial Session ◽  
Attitude Accessibility ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

On the basis of laboratory research indicating that accessible attitudes ease decision making we hypothesized that freshmen who enter college knowing their likes and dislikes regarding academically relevant issues may experience better health in this new life setting To test this hypothesis, we conducted a prospective study in which students completed self-report inventories of negative life events and mental and physical health at two points in time The accessibility of attitudes toward academically relevant issues was assessed in the initial session Regression analyses revealed three-way interactions between attitude accessibility, stress (as indexed by the number of negative life events), and initial health status when predicting health scores at Time 2 For students with relatively good initial health, the generally positive relation between stress and illness was buffered by the possession of accessible attitudes For students with relatively poor initial health, recovery was generally greater among those experiencing less stress, especially as attitude accessibility increased

scholarly journals Seasonality, negative life events and social support in a community sample

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E. Michalak ◽  
Clare Wilkinson ◽  
Kerenza Hood ◽  
Chris Dowrick ◽  
Greg Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is now a well-described form of depressive disorder. However, relatively little research has focused upon psychosocial factors and SAD.AimsTo determine the association between demographic/psychosocial factors and increased reported seasonal patterns of mood disorder (seasonality) and SAD in a community sample in the UK.MethodA total of 1250 people, aged between 18 and 64 years, randomly selected from a primary care database were screened for SAD. Those above cut-off underwent diagnostic interview and completed several self-report questionnaires. Multivariate analysis was conducted to determine which variables were significantly associated with increased seasonality.ResultsFour factors (having experienced more numerous negative life events, having low levels of social support, being a woman and being non-native) were predictive of higher seasonality Being a woman was predictive of being diagnosed as a case of SAD.ConclusionsA new association has been identified between increased seasonality, negative life events and social support. Future research should assess the psychosocial causes or consequences of SAD while continuing to examine the biology of the condition.

Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia: the mediating role of maladaptive cognitive schema

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Shan Wong ◽  
Nor Sheereen Zulkefly ◽  
Kit-Aun Tan
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Daily Hassles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cognitive Schema

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine the mediational role of maladaptive cognitive schema in the association between stressful life events, which are operationalised as major (i. e. negative life events) and minor (i. e. daily hassles) life stressors, and depressive symptoms among adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational study was conducted to recruit participants across four selected states of Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka and Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia. This study involved a total of 1,032 adolescents from 25 government secondary schools, identified using probability proportional to size cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through a self-report questionnaire.ResultsUsing structural equation modelling analyses, findings revealed a full mediation effect of maladaptive cognitive schema between negative life events and depressive symptoms, and a partial mediation effect between daily hassles and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study provided valuable insights about the significance of maladaptive cognitive schema as a mediator in the stress-depression association and advanced the understanding of mechanism underlying development of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Malaysia. Findings also benefit the clinical practice in the development of targeted depression prevention and intervention programs.

A Clinical and Academic Outcome Study of Children Attending a Day Treatment Program

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Kotsopoulos ◽  
Selena Walker ◽  
Karyn Beggs ◽  
Barbara Jones
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Academic Improvement ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour Disorders ◽  
Language Assessments ◽  
Day Treatment Program ◽  
Academic Year

Objective: To assess the behavioural and academic improvement of children who attended a day treatment program during a defined period of time. Method: Forty-six children admitted consecutively to the project were assessed on admission and discharge using behavioural and academic measures. They also had intelligence and language assessments. The subjects attended the program for one academic year, on the average. The large majority presented with disruptive behaviour disorders and low academic achievement levels. Results: There was a significant improvement reported by the parents in externalizing (P < 0.001) and internalizing (P < 0.05) behaviour. The subjects also gained one academic year, but their levels continued to be low in terms of percentiles. Measures of academic improvement showed significant associations with cognitive measures only (subscales of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised [WISC-R] and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised [CELF-R]). Conclusion: A day treatment and school program is an effective modality for treatment and remediation of children with severe psychiatric disorders. The academic underachievement may be resistant to remediation within the limited period of attendance in such a program.

A Causal Model of Hopelessness Depression in Chinese Undergraduate Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Zhi Feng ◽  
Hong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Stress Component ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Hopelessness Theory ◽  
Hopelessness Depression ◽  
Mediational Role

The diathesis-stress component hypothesis and the mediational role of hopelessness proposed by the hopelessness theory of depression were tested using data from a 16-week longitudinal study of Chinese university undergraduates. Participants (N = 240) completed self-report measures assessing attributional style, negative life events, hopelessness, and hopelessness depression symptoms at 3 time points. The diathesis-stress hypothesis was tested using the latent growth curve model and results showed that as postulated in the hopelessness theory, depressogenic attributional style predicted hopelessness depression following the occurrence of negative life events. Specifically, hopelessness played a partial mediating role in the etiological chain of hopelessness depression.

Optimistic Explanatory Style as a Moderator of the Association Between Negative Life Events and Suicide Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameson K. Hirsch ◽  
Karen Wolford ◽  
Steven M. LaLonde ◽  
Lisa Brunk ◽  
Amanda Parker-Morris
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Explanatory Style ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Negative Life Event ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Background: Individuals experiencing negative and potentially traumatic life events are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors; however, suicidal outcomes are not inevitable. Individuals who attribute negative life events to external, transient, and specific factors, rather than internal, stable, and global self-characteristics, may experience fewer deleterious outcomes, including suicidal behavior. Aims: This study examines the moderating effect of explanatory style on the relationship between negative life experiences and suicide ideation in a college student sample. Methods: A total of 138 participants (73% female) were recruited from a rural, Eastern college and completed a self-report psychosocial assessment. Results: Optimistic explanatory style mitigates the influence of negative and potentially traumatic life events on thoughts of suicide, above and beyond the effects of hopelessness and depression. Conclusions: Beliefs about the origin, pervasiveness, and potential recurrence of a negative life event may affect psychological outcomes. Optimistic explanatory style was associated with reduced suicide ideation, whereas pessimistic explanatory style was associated with increased thoughts of suicide. Optimistic reframing of negative life events for clients may have treatment implications for the prevention of suicidal activity.

The Impact of Negative Interpersonal Life Events on Social Adaptation of Chinese College Students: Mediator Effect of Self-Esteem

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Li ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Binbin Liu ◽  
Huaying Cao
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we investigated the source and impact of negative interpersonal life events confronted by 210 Chinese college students, and discussed the mediator role of self-esteem. We collected data using the Self-Esteem Scale, the Loneliness Scale (LS), the Self-Report Depression Scale, the Social Avoidance Scale, and the Interpersonal Negative Life Events Scale. The results showed that: (1) According to the occurrence rate and the stress index of interpersonal negative life events, the following events ranked in the top three: “having a weak social network”, “reducing or losing contact with good friends”, and “being nervous or silent with unfamiliar people”. (2) Self-esteem partly mediated the impact of negative interpersonal life events on negative emotions such as depression and loneliness, and fully mediated the impact of interpersonal negative life events on social avoidance.

A Profile of Children and Adolescents in a Psychiatric Unit: Multidomain Impairment and Research Implications

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 682-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Paterson ◽  
Peta Bauer ◽  
C. Ann McDonald ◽  
Brett McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Self Report ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Living Skills

Objective: The scientific literature has not kept pace with the evolution of child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient units, including their nature, patient profile, philosophical orientation and efficacy. This study aims to establish a comprehensive, mul-timodal description of the population served by an inpatient psychiatric treatment facility for children and adolescents. Method: A multidisciplinary assessment regime including psychiatric, medical, speech and language examination, observer rating and patient self-report of psy-chopathology was used to assess 58 consecutive patients over a 20-month period. Results: In addition to a prevalence of disruptive behaviour disorders of 67% and a high rate of comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, a breadth of impairment was demonstrated in many areas. Significantly decreased measures of socialisation, communication, daily living skills, self-esteem, intelligence and physical health are reported. Moderate to severe language handicap was found in 40% of patients. Conclusions: The inpatient population of children and adolescents exhibited not only a high rate of disruptive behaviour disorders, frequently cornorbid with other psychiatric conditions, but also high levels of physical, speech, language and living skills impairment. This finding supports the need for multimodal, multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment in this population. Outcome research evaluating treatment effectiveness must also account for the wide-ranging disabilities of these children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Does Self-Reassurance Reduce Neural and Self-Report Reactivity to Negative Life Events?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Kim ◽  
James R. Doty ◽  
Ross Cunnington ◽  
James N. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Life Events ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Written Descriptions ◽  
Future Work

Whilst research has shown how self-criticism may increase both neural and self-report markers of negative emotion, less well-known is how self-reassurance—a compassionately-motivated cognitive self-relating style—may regulate negative emotion. Using fMRI, we invited participants to engage in self-criticism and self-reassurance toward written descriptions of negative life events (mistakes, setbacks, failures). Our results identify that neural markers of negative emotion and self-report markers of trial intensity during fMRI are down-regulated under conditions of self-reassurance, relative to self-criticism. Future work to control for autobiographical memory during this fMRI task is needed, as are controls for how well participants can engage in both thinking styles, to explore how memory/task engagement can contribute to self-reassurance and self-criticism. Engagement in self-reassurance can reduce the “sting” of negative life-events, both neural and self-report, which holds important implications for therapy.

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