Investigation of the biogas production potential from algal wastes

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anıl Tevfik Koçer ◽  
Didem Özçimen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions

In recent years, researchers focused their attention on biogas production more than ever to meet the energy demand. Especially, biogas obtained from algal wastes has become a trending research area owing to the high content of volatile solids in algae. The main purpose of this study is to determine the biogas production potential from algal wastes and examine the effect of temperature and particle size parameters on biogas yield. A comparison was made between the biogas production potential of microalgal wastes, obtained after oil extraction, and macroalgal wastes collected from coastal areas. It was found that algal biogas yield is directly proportional to temperature and inversely proportional to particle size. Optimal conditions for biogas production from algal wastes were determined as the temperature of 55 °C, a particle size of 200 μm, a residence time of 30 days and an alga–inoculum ratio of 1:4 (w:w). Highest biogas yield obtained under these conditions was found as 342.59 cm3 CH4 g−1 VS with Ulva lactuca. Under thermophilic conditions, both micro- and macroalgal biogas yields were comparable. It can be concluded that algal biomass is a good source for biogas production, although further research is needed to increase biogas yield and quality.

scholarly journals Effect of co-digestion of food waste and cow dung on biogas yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Makhura Emmanuel Pax ◽  
Edison Muzenda ◽  
Tumeletso Lekgoba
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions

This paper aims at finding the effect of co-digestion of cow dung and food waste on total biogas yield. Biogas production was improved through co-digestion of cow dung and food waste (FW) containing a small fraction of inoculum under mesophilic temperature (37ºC) over a retention time of 24 days. Co-digestion ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 for cowdung/foodwaste were used for the study on anaerobic digestion on the co digested matter. Tests were carried out starting with the preparation of substrates, substrate characterization to determine the moisture content (MC), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and ultimately batch anaerobic digestion experiments under thermophilic conditions (370C). The moisture content, volatile solids and total solids for food waste were 78, 22 and 90.7% respectively while the characteristics for cow dung were 67.2, 32.8 and 96.0 % respectively. From the study, a mixing ratio of cow dung: food waste of 1:2 was found to be the optimum substrate mixture for biogas production at 25595.7 Nml. The accumulated gas volumes of 18756.6, 14042.5, 13940.8 and 13839.1 Nml were recorded for cow dung: food waste ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 respectively. For a co-digestion containing more of the food waste than cow dung, a higher volume of biogas is produce.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Anaerobic Thermophilic Co-Digestion of Dairy Cattle Manure and Separated Tomato Greenhouse Waste in Lab-Scale Reactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Đurđica Kovačić ◽  
Davor Kralik ◽  
Daria Jovičić ◽  
Robert Spajić
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure ◽  
Extractable Nitrogen

Abstract Anaerobic co-digestion of dairy cow manure (DCM) and separated tomato greenhouse waste (tomato stalks and leaves (TSL) and rotten and damaged tomato fruits – TF) was conducted under batch thermophilic conditions (T = 55 °C) for period of 45 days. Concentrations of substrates (tomato waste) were 5 and 10% (w/v). Each substrate, as well as experimental mixtures, was analysed in order to specify the content of pH, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total extractable nitrogen (TN) and total organic carbon (TOC). Biogas yield and composition, as well as cumulative biogas curves, were reported. In comparison to DCM monodigestion (329.5 cm3·g−1 VS), biogas yield was significantly improved in experiment C (365.1 cm3·g−1 VS) (with 5% (w/v) TF added), whereas methane yield did not show any significant difference. Experiment D (with 10% (w/v) TSL added) resulted in significantly lower biogas and methane yields in contrast to the rest of experiments performed. Average methane content in all analysed experimental samples ranged from 65 to 69%. It is evident from the results that biogas production can be improved by addition of separated tomato greenhouse waste to DCM process and issue of organic waste disposal could be effectively solved.

scholarly journals Biomass residues adjacent forest roads in two different forest species (Fagus sylvativa and Pinus brutia): quantities and evaluation of their biogas production potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 899 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A Kantartzis ◽  
C Daoutis ◽  
A Eftaxias ◽  
G Arabatzis ◽  
V Diamantis
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Low Altitude

Abstract In this study the quantity of biomass residues accumulated at a low-altitude Mediterranean forest (pinus and fagus clusters) were evaluated under field conditions. Samples of fresh and dry leaves (litter) were digested in batch anaerobic reactors to evaluate their biogas production potential. The quantity of pine needles and fagus leaves accumulated onto the forest carpet was on average 670 and 1440 g/m2, respectively and they were characterized by a low moisture content (10-11%). The biogas production potential was 100 and 150 L/kg volatile solids for pinus and fagus litter respectively (compared to 140 and 300 L/kg VS for the fresh pine needles and fagus leaves). The data from both field and laboratory studies were used to calculate the biogas yield per km of forest road, if the collected biomass is disposed of to an anaerobic digestion facility. The conceptual model applied revealed that it is possible to recover up to 500 and 1000 m3 CH4 / km, from the pinus and fagus clusters respectively. Concluding, pine needles and fagus leaves are important resources and can be efficiently used for energy production in anaerobic digestion facilities.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

Application of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM1) for simulating full-scale anaerobic sewage sludge digestion

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shang ◽  
B.R. Johnson ◽  
R. Sieger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

A steady-state implementation of the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) has been applied to the anaerobic digesters in two wastewater treatment plants. The two plants have a wastewater treatment capacity of 76,000 and 820,000 m3/day, respectively, with approximately 12 and 205 dry metric tons sludge fed to digesters per day. The main purpose of this study is to compare the ADM1 model results with full-scale anaerobic digestion performance. For both plants, the prediction of the steady-state ADM1 implementation using the suggested physico-chemical and biochemical parameter values was able to reflect the results from the actual digester operations to a reasonable degree of accuracy on all parameters. The predicted total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) concentration in the digested biosolids, as well as the digester volatile solids destruction (VSD), biogas production and biogas yield are within 10% of the actual digester data. This study demonstrated that the ADM1 is a powerful tool for predicting the steady-state behaviour of anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludges. In addition, it showed that the use of a whole wastewater treatment plant simulator for fractionating the digester influent into the ADM1 input parameters was successful.

scholarly journals Compositional Assessment of Selected Plant-based Substrates for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ugwu Tochukwu Nicholas ◽  
Nwachukwu Augusta Anuli ◽  
Ogbulie Toochukwu Ekwutosi ◽  
Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Corn Cobs

Enormous quantities of plant biomass are generated annually, as agricultural wastes. Lignocellulose is the main structural constituent of plants and represents the primary source of renewable organic matter on earth. This study was carried out to evaluate the lignocellulose composition, proximate and selected physicochemical characteristics of some selected plant-based substrates for biogas production. The substrates were: Corn cobs, Rice straw and Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes). They were collected, cut, dried for 72 hours at 320C, milled and subjected to hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose compositional analyses, using the standard Sox let extraction method. Standard methods were employed for proximate and physicochemical analyses. Results of the compositional evaluation showed that corn cob has the highest percentages of cellulose (42.0%), while extractives content was least (2.18%) in Rice straw. For the proximate analysis, the percentage carbohydrates (24.22) and ash (24.40) were highest in rice straw, while fat content  had the least values of 0.65%  recorded in corn cobs. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that Rice straw had the highest values of TS (94.55%) and phosphorus (928.57mg/kg), Corn cob had the highest TVS (85.53%) and organic carbon (50.46%) while Water hyacinth recorded the highest Nitrogen content (2.33%). They are good substrates for energy generation, and lignocellulosic biomass holds a huge potential to meet the current energy demand of the modern world. The knowledge of the lignocellulosic composition of the biomass would help in choosing appropriate pretreatment measures to achieve better hydrolysis which would translate to higher biogas yield.

scholarly journals Produksi Biogas dari Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Reaktor Unggun Tetap tanpa Proses Pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 078-084
Author(s):  
Wiharja Wiharja ◽  
Widiatmini Sih Winanti ◽  
Prasetiyadi Prasetiyadi ◽  
Amita Indah Sitomurni
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Alternative Processing ◽  
Reactor Technology ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Potential Resource

ABSTRACT Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) resulted from the palm oil industry is a potential resource for biogas production. In this study, POME was processed by utilizing microbes in an anaerobic condition using a fixed bed reactor. This study aimed at providing alternative processing of POME into biogas at the most optimum biogas yield without any pretreatment, taking advantage of POME conditions generated from the production process at the average temperature of 55 – 60 °C. In the anaerobic process, temperature conditions have a significant effect on bacteria's performance to degrade organic matter. In thermophilic conditions, bacteria deteriorate organic substrates more actively than in mesophilic states. This research proved that using fixed bed reactor technology to treat POME without pretreatment has generated biogas at the yield of 25.43 liters/liter of POME production. Applying this technology also demonstrated that investment and operating costs are cheaper due to having no mixing tank and fewer chemicals applications for the neutralization process. Keywords: biogas, fixed bed reactor, POME, pretreatment, thermophilic   ABSTRAK Proses pengolahan POME dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerobik yaitu memanfaatkan kerja bakteri anaerobik untuk memproduksi biogas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan alternatif pengelolaan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit yang dapat menghasilkan biogas yang paling optimal tanpa melakukan pretreatment. Proses yang dipilih disesuaikan dengan kondisi panas POME yang keluar proses yaitu sekitar 55 - 60 oC. Kondisi temperatur sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap kinerja bakteri pendegradasi bahan organik di dalam limbah cair dalam proses anaerobik. Pada kondisi termofilik bakteri lebih aktif dibandingkan pada kondisi mesofilik. Melalui penelitian ini, dapat diketahui bahwa dengan menggunakan teknologi reaktor fixed bed untuk mengolah POME tanpa adanya pretreatment, biogas tetap dapat diperoleh dengan perolehan rata rata 25,43 liter per liter POME. Dengan menggunakan teknologi ini biaya investasi dan operasi akan lebih murah dikarenakan tidak memerlukan bak pencampur dan penggunaan bahan kimia untuk proses netralisasi. Kata kunci: Biogas, reaktor fixed bed, POME, pretreatment, termofilik

scholarly journals Enhanced biogas production potential of microalgae and swine wastewater using co-digestion and alkaline pretreatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Panyaping ◽  
R. Khiewwijit ◽  
P. Wongpankamol
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Alkaline Pretreatment ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Vs Removal

Abstract Biogas yield obtained from anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater (SWW) needs to be increased to produce electrical energy. To enhance biogas and prevent pollution, use of mixed culture microalgae grown in wastewater (MWW) with SWW has attracted a lot of interest. This research was focused on the possibility of utilizing MWW. Six experiments using raw SWW and MWW, and their co-digestion were conducted on a laboratory scale in one-litre reactors with the ratio of inoculum and substrate of 70:30 under without and with alkaline pretreatment (using 3% NaOH for pH adjustment every 15 min at pH 11 for 3 h). The results showed that co-digestion had the major effect on increasing biogas and methane yields (0.735 and 0.326 m3/kg of volatile solids (VS) removed), and the highest chemical oxygen demand and VS removal (60.29% and 63.17%). For pretreatment, the effect of ammonia inhibition at a high pH of 11 had more influence on biodegradation than the effect of destruction of MWW's cell walls, resulting in a low biogas production of pretreated MWW and pretreated co-digestion. These findings affirm the potential of co-digestion, and the possibility of using both single and co-substrate MWW. Pretreatment could be improved at a lower alkaline pH condition. A pilot scale of co-digestion should be performed.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Soeprijanto Soeprijanto ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi ◽  
Melania Suweni Muntini ◽  
Arino Anzip
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.

Effect of Solids Removal From Dairy Manure Feedstock on Biogas Production in Anaerobic Digesters

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Zemke ◽  
Byard D. Wood ◽  
Christopher R. Rohleder
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Mechanical Separation ◽  
Separation Equipment

Many modern anaerobic digesters in developed countries consist of a digestion process in which solids are reduced to biogas, followed by mechanical separation that removes the majority of the remaining solids from the effluent. Experience has shown that such systems are often plagued with plugging due to excessive solids in the digester influent. Moreover, the mechanical separation equipment is prematurely degraded due to the elevated temperatures and corrosive compounds in the digester effluent. Reversing the order of separation and digestion offers a proven method of eliminating these problems, but at the expense of lower biogas production. The work presented in this paper quantifies this difference in biogas production by comparing the biogas yields of dairy wastewater feedstocks with and without prior mechanical solids separation through a 0.75-mm screen. Laboratory-scale batch digesters were operated up to 40 days at 35–40 °C and monitored for mass of volatile solids consumed and biogas production. Although the initially separated influent contained only half as much volatile solids, the ultimate biogas yield was only 25% less than that obtained with non-separated influent, demonstrating some tradeoff between higher energy production and system reliability.

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