scholarly journals Compositional Assessment of Selected Plant-based Substrates for Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ugwu Tochukwu Nicholas ◽  
Nwachukwu Augusta Anuli ◽  
Ogbulie Toochukwu Ekwutosi ◽  
Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Corn Cobs

Enormous quantities of plant biomass are generated annually, as agricultural wastes. Lignocellulose is the main structural constituent of plants and represents the primary source of renewable organic matter on earth. This study was carried out to evaluate the lignocellulose composition, proximate and selected physicochemical characteristics of some selected plant-based substrates for biogas production. The substrates were: Corn cobs, Rice straw and Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes). They were collected, cut, dried for 72 hours at 320C, milled and subjected to hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose compositional analyses, using the standard Sox let extraction method. Standard methods were employed for proximate and physicochemical analyses. Results of the compositional evaluation showed that corn cob has the highest percentages of cellulose (42.0%), while extractives content was least (2.18%) in Rice straw. For the proximate analysis, the percentage carbohydrates (24.22) and ash (24.40) were highest in rice straw, while fat content  had the least values of 0.65%  recorded in corn cobs. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed that Rice straw had the highest values of TS (94.55%) and phosphorus (928.57mg/kg), Corn cob had the highest TVS (85.53%) and organic carbon (50.46%) while Water hyacinth recorded the highest Nitrogen content (2.33%). They are good substrates for energy generation, and lignocellulosic biomass holds a huge potential to meet the current energy demand of the modern world. The knowledge of the lignocellulosic composition of the biomass would help in choosing appropriate pretreatment measures to achieve better hydrolysis which would translate to higher biogas yield.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties and nutrient content of some slow pyrolysis biochars produced from different feedstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Islam Piash ◽  
Md Faruque Hossain ◽  
Zakia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis

Six slow pyrolysis biochars viz. farmyard manure (FM), water hyacinth (WH), domestic organic waste (DW), quick compost (QC), corn cob (CC) and rice straw (RS) were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties. Biochar yielding capacity varied from 34 to 51%, depending on the used feedstock. Water hyacinth biochar exhibited the highest water holding capacity (495%), whereas corn cob biochar had the lowest (146%) regardless of its highest pore volume. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area was found maximum among the plant derived biochars except corn cob. Rice straw biochar exhibited the least mean pore diameter while highest in domestic organic waste. All biochars possessed pH values more than 9. CEC of water hyacinth (WH) was highest, while lowest was in quick compost (QC) biochar. Smallest average particle size (0.54 ?m2) was exhibited by water hyacinth biochar. Organic carbon content ranged from 33 to 49%. Nutrient (N, P, K and S) status of biochar produced from domestic organic waste (DW) was found the maximum compared to the rest and corn cob (CC) biochar showed the lowest nutritional value.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 29(2): 111-122, December-2016

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF KINETIC MODELS FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM RICE STRAW

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukhi Mulia Shitophyta ◽  
Maryudi Maryudi ◽  
Budiyono Budiyono
Keyword(s):  
Linear Equation ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Exponential Equation

The rising of global energy demand has led to an energy crisis, especially fossil energy. The development of renewable energies is needed to overcome the energy crisis. Biogas is one of renewable energies (biofuels) which is developed to minimize the dependency on fossil fuels. Biogas can be derived from agricultural wastes such as rice straw. The aim of this research was to compare the kinetic models of biogas production form rice straw using the linear and exponential equations models. This research was conducted at the total solid (TS) content of 20%, 22% and 24%. The result showed that the exponential equation had a better correlation than the linear equation on the ascending period of biogas production, while linear equation was better than exponential equation during descending period.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Water Hyacinth for Biogas Production in a Plug Flow Anaerobic Digester

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Soeprijanto Soeprijanto ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Agung Warmadewanthi ◽  
Melania Suweni Muntini ◽  
Arino Anzip
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) causes ecological and economic problems because it grows very fast and quickly consumes nutrients and oxygen in water bodies, affecting both the flora and fauna; besides, it can form blockages in the waterways, hindering fishing and boat use. However, this plant contains bioactive compounds that can be used to produce biofuels. This study investigated the effect of various substrates as feedstock for biogas production. A 125-l plug-flow anaerobic digester was utilized and the hydraulic retention time was 14 days; cow dung was inoculated into water hyacinth at a 2:1 mass ratio over 7 days. The maximum biogas yield, achieved using a mixture of natural water hyacinth and water (NWH-W), was 0.398 l/g volatile solids (VS). The cow dung/water (CD-W), hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/digestate, and hydrothermally pretreated water hyacinth/water (TWH-W) mixtures reached biogas yields of 0.239, 0.2198, and 0.115 l/g VS, respectively. The NWH-W composition was 70.57% CH4, 12.26% CO2, 1.32% H2S, and 0.65% NH3. The modified Gompertz kinetic model provided data satisfactorily compatible with the experimental one to determine the biogas production from various substrates. TWH-W and NWH-W achieved, respectively, the shortest and (6.561 days) and the longest (7.281 days) lag phase, the lowest (0.133 (l/g VS)/day) and the highest (0.446 (l/g VS)/day) biogas production rate, and the maximum and (15.719 l/g VS) and minimum (4.454 l/g VS) biogas yield potential.

scholarly journals Optimization of biogas yield from lignocellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oladoke Olatunji ◽  
Noor A. Ahmed ◽  
Oyetola Ogunkunle
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biogas Yield

AbstractPopulation increase and industrialization has resulted in high energy demand and consumptions, and presently, fossil fuels are the major source of staple energy, supplying 80% of the entire consumption. This has contributed immensely to the greenhouse gas emission and leading to global warming, and as a result of this, there is a tremendous urgency to investigate and improve fresh and renewable energy sources worldwide. One of such renewable energy sources is biogas that is generated by anaerobic fermentation that uses different wastes such as agricultural residues, animal manure, and other organic wastes. During anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis of substrates is regarded as the most crucial stage in the process of biogas generation. However, this process is not always efficient because of the domineering stableness of substrates to enzymatic or bacteria assaults, but substrates’ pretreatment before biogas production will enhance biogas production. The principal objective of pretreatments is to ease the accessibility of the enzymes to the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which leads to degradation of the substrates. Hence, the use of pretreatment for catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is beneficial for the production of cost-efficient and eco-friendly process. In this review, we discussed different pretreatment technologies of hydrolysis and their restrictions. The review has shown that different pretreatments have varying effects on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation and biogas yield of different substrate and the choice of pretreatment technique will devolve on the intending final products of the process.

scholarly journals Methodological Approaches to Optimising Anaerobic Digestion of Water Hyacinth for Energy Efficiency in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6746
Author(s):  
Obianuju Patience Ilo ◽  
Mulala Danny Simatele ◽  
S’phumelele Lucky Nkomo ◽  
Ntandoyenkosi Malusi Mkhize ◽  
Nagendra Gopinath Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Invasive Alien Plants ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Anaerobic digestion has been identified as a feasible fragment of a bioeconomy, yet numerous factors hinder the adoption of the technology in South Africa. Apart from its energy recovery, other nonmarket advantages support the technology. Though it may be challenging to have a price tag, they provide clear added worth for such investments. With a growing energy demand and global energy transitions, there is a need to sustainably commercialise the biogas industry in South Africa. Most studies are at laboratory scale and under specific conditions, which invariably create gaps in using their data for commercialising the biogas technology. The key to recognising these gaps depends on knowing the crucial technical phases that have the utmost outcome on the economics of biogas production. This study is a meta-analysis of the optimisation of anaerobic digestion through methodological approaches aimed at enhancing the production of biogas. This review, therefore, argues that regulating the fundamental operational parameters, understanding the microbial community’s interactions, and modelling the anaerobic processes are vital indicators for improving the process stability and methane yield for the commercialisation of the technology. It further argues that South Africa can exploit water hyacinth as a substrate for a self-sufficient biogas production system in a bid to mitigate the invasive alien plants.

scholarly journals CONVERSION TO BIOGAS OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS, USED FOR OIL HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATED SOILS CLEANING

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mantas RUBEŽIUS ◽  
Kęstutis VENSLAUSKAS ◽  
Kęstutis NAVICKAS
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Biogas Yield

Fossil fuel demand growth in and price fluctuation, depletion resources and supply monopolize, climate change is forcing the restructuring of energy and other industrial and transport area, seeking for renewable energy sources. Using phytoremedial methods in biomass engineering, there is a possibility to create a sustainable method of biomass growth in mid-low contaminated sites soil system. Main aim of the research was to assess the oil-contaminated soil treatment herbaceous plants and their subsequent use for biogas production in order to create a closed cleaning and plant biomass utilization cycle. After the evaluation of the biogas yield and energy conversion efficiency performance it was found that all of the selected herbaceous plant biomass is suitable as raw material for the production of biogas. The biogas potential of selected plants ranged from 377.2 to 822.9 l/kg dry organic matter with an energy value ranging from 7.1 MJ/kg to 17.1 MJ/kg.

scholarly journals Green biomass to biogas – A study on anaerobic monodigestion of para grass

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Ajcharapa Chuanchai ◽  
Sawitree Tipnee ◽  
Yuwalee Unpaprom ◽  
Keng-Tung Wu
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Moment

Recently, biogas production through anaerobic digestion technology has advanced massively. At the moment, caused by high energy demand and environmental concerns as the world’s population increases, the drive for anaerobic digestion processes is achievement drive within research and the industry for sustainable energy generation. The study evaluated biogas production from anaerobic mono-digestion of para grass in laboratory scale studies. In addition, improvement of the biogas yield from the grass via chemical pretreatment and leaching bed reactors was studied. Methane content of biogas was 54.36 % by mono- substrate. The results revealed that para grass can be treated anaerobically and are a good source of biogas.

scholarly journals Assessment of the biogas potential from agricultural waste in northern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Kaewdiew ◽  
Rameshprabu Ramaraj ◽  
Sirichai Koonaphapdeelert ◽  
Natthawud Dussadee
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Utilization ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Methane Potential

In 2014-2015, there was approximately 26,823.44 x106 kg of the residue leftover from agricultural products in Northern Thailand and roughly 18,943.57x106 kg or 70.62% were left unutilized. The aim of this research was to survey and calculate the proportion of agricultural area and products as well as their corresponding waste towards potential of biogas production using biochemical methane potential (BMP) method. The results showed that rice straw was the most promising feedstock for methane production with the highest biogas yield of 363 mlN /gVSadded followed by sugarcane leaves and corn cob having 333 and 318 mlN/gVSadded, respectively. Additionally, the predicted areas for growing rice and corn decreased. Meanwhile areas for growing cassava, sugarcane and oil palm increase slightly. This study also found out that the unused agricultural waste generation was decreased due to improved waste utilization.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth (E. crassipes) with Ruminal Slaughterhouse Waste for Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Auma Omondi ◽  
Peter Gikuma Njuru ◽  
Peter Kuria Ndiba
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Invasive Aquatic Plant ◽  
Initial Drop

The use of biomass as renewable energy source is of interest in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and associated impacts of climate change. Water hyacinth (WH), an invasive aquatic plant of environmental concern has large biomass that is available for biogas production. Co-digestion of this largely lignocellulose biomass with other substrates may correlate process parameters and improve biogas production. This study evaluated co-digestion of WH biomass with various mix proportions of ruminal slaughterhouse waste (RSW) at 24, 32 and 37°C in order to assess the optimum proportion and temperature. The rate of biomethanation increased with temperature from 0.23 at 24ºC to 0.75 and 0.96 at 32ºC and 37ºC, respectively, and similarly methane yield improved from 14 at 24ºC to 40 and 52 L/kg air dried water hyacinth at 32ºC and 37ºC respectively. A WH: RSW ratio of 30% showed optimum acclimatization and methane yield in a residence time of 60 days. The duration of the initial drop in pH that indicates hydrolysis stage decreased with increase in proportion of RSW, indicating faster hydrolysis and fermentation processes. Longer and stable latter alkaline pH zone suggested improved biomethanation and greater biogas production. Co-digestion with 30% RSW at 24ºC improved biogas yield by 75% from 8.05 to 14.09L/Kg biomass, methane component of biogas by 9% from 59 to 68% and reduced the retention time for substrate by 36%, suggesting synergy in co-digestion with respect to biogas quality. Changing the temperature from 24 to 32ºC increased the yield by 186% and reduced retention time by 73%. The results demonstrated synergy in co-digestion of the two substrates and the process dynamics that are useful in a possible process commercialization. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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