STARx Hottpad for smoldering treatment of waste oil sludge: Proof of concept and sensitivity to key design parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Solinger ◽  
Gavin P Grant ◽  
Grant C Scholes ◽  
Cody Murray ◽  
Jason I Gerhard
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
First Time

Growing stockpiles of waste oil sludge (WOS) are an outstanding problem worldwide. Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation applied ex situ (STARx) is a treatment technology based on smoldering combustion. Pilot-scale experiments for the STARx Hottpad prove this new concept for the mobile treatment of WOS mixed intentionally with sand or contaminated soil. The experiments also allowed for the calibration and validation of a smoldering propagation numerical model. The model was used to systematically explore the sensitivity of Hottpad performance to system design, operational parameters, and environmental factors. Pilot-scale (~1.5 m width) simulations investigated sensitivity to injected air flux, WOS saturation, heterogeneity of intrinsic permeability, and heterogeneity of WOS saturation. Results reveal that Hottpad design is predicted to be successful for WOS treatment across a wide range of scenarios. The operator can control the rate of WOS destruction and extent of treatment by increasing the air flux injected into the bed. The potential for smoldering channeling to develop was demonstrated for the first time. Under certain conditions, such as WOS saturations of 80%, high heterogeneity of WOS saturations, or moderate to high heterogeneity of soil permeability, smoldering channeling was predicted to accelerate to the point that remedial performance was degraded. Field-scale simulations (~10 m width) predicted successful treatment, with WOS destruction rates an order of magnitude higher than the pilot-scale and treatment times increasing only linearly with bed height. This work is a key step toward the design and effective operation of field STARx Hottpad systems for eliminating WOS.

Dynamic Vibration Absorbers That Have Increased Effectiveness

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 940-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Snowdon
Keyword(s):  
Complete Information ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Mass System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Vibration Absorbers ◽  
Dynamic Absorber ◽  
First Time

The effectiveness of a three-element dynamic absorber and of dual dynamic absorbers in reducing the transmissibility across a simple spring-mass system at resonance has been investigated and shown to be considerably greater than that of the conventional dynamic absorber. From the complete information provided, much in graphical form, it is possible to design and to estimate the performance of both the three-element and the dual dynamic absorbers for a wide range of absorber masses. Utilizing design parameters that have been determined and specified here for the first time, it is shown 1) that the three-element absorber can be more effective than a conventional absorber of twice its mass, and 2) that by use of dual absorbers, it is possible to obtain a significant trough in transmissibility while avoiding the two resonant peaks of large magnitude that are normally introduced at neighboring frequencies. The three-element absorber requires no increase, and the dual absorbers require only a modest increase in mass beyond that of the conventional dynamic absorber.

Progress and Prospects of Oily Sludge Treatment Technology at China and Abroad

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1422-1426
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Cheng Tun Qu ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Jin Li Xue ◽  
Meng Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Petrochemical Process ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Development Status ◽  
Made In

A large number of waste oil and sludge were generated during mining and processing. Untreated Sludge directly discharged into environment will lead to critical human health harm and serious environment pollution. As one of the petrochemical process major pollutants, treatment of oil sludge processing, at home and abroad, has been trying to study. Summary of development status and prospect research of oil sludge treatment technology, combining characteristics of the oily sludge, in domestic and foreign were made in this article.

scholarly journals An adaptive neuro-fuzzy model of a re-heat two-stage adsorption chiller

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Krzywanski ◽  
Karolina Grabowska ◽  
Marcin Sosnowski ◽  
Anna Zylka ◽  
Karol Sztekler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Adsorption Chiller ◽  
Wide Range

Since the adsorption chillers do not use primary energy as driving source the possibility to employ low temperature waste heat sources in cooling energy production receives nowadays much attention of the industry and science community. However, the performance of the thermally driven adsorption systems is lower than that of other heat driven heating/cooling systems. Low coefficients of performance are one of the main disadvantages of adsorption coolers. It is the result of a poor heat transfer coefficient between the bed and the immersed heating surfaces of a built-in heat exchanger system. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of thermal conductance values of sorption elements and evaporator as well as other design parameters on the performance of a re-heat two-stage adsorption chiller. One of the main energy efficiency factors in cooling production, i. e. cooling capacity for wide-range of both design and operating parameters is analyzed in the paper. Moreover, the work introduces artificial intelligence approach for the optimization study of the adsorption cooler. The ANFIS was employed in the work. The increase in both the bed and evaporator conductance provides better performance of the considered innovative adsorption chiller. The highest obtained value of cooling capacity is 21.7 kW and it can be achieved for the following design and operational parameters of the considered re-heat two-stage adsorption chiller: Msorb = 40 kg, t = 1300 s, T = 80?C, Csorb/Cmet = 50, hAsorb = 4000 W/K, hAevap = 4000 W/K.

Review of the performance of full-scale MBR plants: design, operation and on-site experimental data

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Pattanayak ◽  
S. Chang ◽  
M. Theodoulou ◽  
V. Mahendraker
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Removal System

The membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has become an effective alternative wastewater treatment technology that produces effluent with excellent quality. Globally, a wide range of municipal and industrial MBR plants are in operation, varying both in size and complexity. The objective of this investigation was to develop a better understanding of the long term performance of MBR plants. To achieve this objective, eight full-scale municipal MBR plants were examined. The methodology included a review of plant design parameters, pre-treatment system, biological operation, membrane operation, disinfection system and nutrient removal system. In addition, on-site tests were done on permeate, final effluent and mixed liquor to understand MBR performance.

Primary facultative ponds in the UK: the effect of operational parameters on performance and algal populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Abis ◽  
D.D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk

Waste stabilisation pond systems in the UK are used to treat effluents from small rural communities where there are large fluctuations in both BOD load and inflow; the facultative ponds in these systems have a wide range of hydraulic retention times: between 11–86 days. Low hydraulic retention times in UK ponds are sometimes accompanied by a high BOD loading, although some have a low BOD loading due to high inflows of dilute wastewater. It is not certain whether the performance is affected by the short hydraulic retention time or high BOD loading. A pilot-scale experiment tested the effect of hydraulic retention time (20–60 days) on primary facultative pond performance whilst keeping the BOD loading constant at 80 kg/ha d. It was found that no significant loss of performance was experienced at the test range for BOD and ammonia removal; some loss in SS removal was noted at 20 days' retention time. The effect of BOD loading on the maintenance of algal populations during winter (November(February) was tested at loadings of 50 and 80 kg/ha d. Although there was a significant difference in the concentrations of chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen between the two loadings, there was no effect on performance.

scholarly journals Universal bolometric corrections for active galactic nuclei over seven luminosity decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. A73 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Duras ◽  
A. Bongiorno ◽  
F. Ricci ◽  
E. Piconcelli ◽  
F. Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Bolometric Luminosity ◽  
Luminosity Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Bolometric Correction ◽  
First Time

Context. The AGN bolometric correction is a key element for understanding black hole (BH) demographics and computing accurate BH accretion histories from AGN luminosities. However, current estimates still differ from each other by up to a factor of two to three, and rely on extrapolations at the lowest and highest luminosities. Aims. Here we revisit this fundamental question by presenting general hard X-ray (KX) and optical (KO) bolometric corrections, computed by combining several AGN samples spanning the widest (about 7 dex) luminosity range ever used for this type of studies. Methods. We analysed a total of ∼1000 type 1 and type 2 AGN for which we performed a dedicated SED-fitting. Results. We provide a bolometric correction separately for type 1 and type 2 AGN; the two bolometric corrections agree in the overlapping luminosity range. Based on this we computed for the first time a universal bolometric correction for the whole AGN sample (both type 1 and type 2). We found that KX is fairly constant at log(LBOL/L⊙) < 11, while it increases up to about one order of magnitude at log(LBOL/L⊙) ∼ 14.5. A similar increasing trend has been observed when its dependence on either the Eddington ratio or the BH mass is considered, while no dependence on redshift up to z ∼ 3.5 has been found. In contrast, the optical bolometric correction appears to be fairly constant (i.e. KO ∼ 5) regardless of the independent variable. We also verified that our bolometric corrections correctly predict the AGN bolometric luminosity functions. According to this analysis, our bolometric corrections can be applied to the whole AGN population in a wide range of luminosity and redshift.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Detection and Quantification of 7-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone Epimers in Three Body Fluids

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hampl ◽  
Martin Hill ◽  
Luboslav Stárka
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Three Body ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Detection And Quantification

3β,7α-Dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (1) (7α-OH-DHEA) and its 7β-hydroxy epimer 2 (7β-OH-DHEA) - 7α- and 7β-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone - were detected and quantified in three human body fluids: in blood serum, saliva and ejaculate. Specific radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used. For the first time the data on changes of these dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites are reported for a representative group of healthy subjects of both sexes (172 females and 217 males) during the life span. The serum levels of both 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone epimers in serum and also in semen were in the low nanomolar range, while concentrations by one order of magnitude lower were found in saliva, but still within the detection limit. The results will serve as a basis for comparative studies of 7-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone levels under various pathophysiological conditions, with a particular respect to autoimmune disorders.

Innovation in Byzantine Medicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Bouras-Vallianatos
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Medieval Latin ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
First Time

Byzantine medicine is still a little-known and misrepresented field not only in the wider arena of debates on medieval medicine but also among Byzantinists. Byzantine medical literature is often viewed as ‘stagnant’ and mainly preserving ancient ideas; and our knowledge of it continues to be based to a great extent on the comments of earlier authorities, which are often repeated uncritically. This book presents the first comprehensive examination of the medical corpus of, arguably, the most important late Byzantine physician John Zacharias Aktouarios (c.1275–c.1330). The main thesis is that John’s medical works show an astonishing degree of openness to knowledge from outside Byzantium combined with a significant degree of originality, in particular, in the fields of uroscopy, pharmacology, and human physiology. The analysis of John’s edited (On Urines and On Psychic Pneuma) and unedited (Medical Epitome) works is supported for the first time by the consultation of a large number of manuscripts. The study is also informed by evidence from a wide range of medical sources, including previously unpublished ones, and texts from other genres, such as epistolography and merchants’ accounts. The contextualization of John’s works sheds new light on the development of Byzantine medical thought and practice, and enhances our understanding of the late Byzantine social and intellectual landscape. Finally, John’s medical observations are also examined in the light of examples from the medieval Latin and Islamic worlds, placing his medical theories in the wider Mediterranean milieu and highlighting the cultural exchange between Byzantium and its neighbours.

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