Exposure to heavy metals alters the surface topology of alveolar macrophages and induces respiratory dysfunction among Indian metal arc-welders

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 908-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhabrata Moitra ◽  
Jayashree Ghosh ◽  
Jannatul Firdous ◽  
Arghya Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Monojit Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Induced Sputum ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Metal Levels

Background: Despite the available clinico-epidemiological evidence of heavy metal-associated respiratory health hazards among metal arc-welders, experimental confirmation of such an association is lacking. Methods: In this study, we recruited 15 metal arc-welders and 10 referent workers without direct exposure. We assessed respiratory health through a questionnaire and spirometry; estimated manganese, nickel and cadmium levels in blood, urine and induced sputum; performed differential counts of sputum leucocytes and measured plasma malondialdehyde (MDA). We used atomic force and scanning electron microscopy to assess the physical property of the alveolar macrophages (AMs) obtained from induced sputum and analysed cell surface deposition of heavy metals using energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX). Sputum cellular DNA damage was assessed by DNA-laddering assay. Results: There was a higher body burden of manganese and nickel in the metal arc-welders than the referents. Among major spirometric indices, only the forced mid-expiratory flow rates (FEF25–75) were reduced in the welders compared with the referents (63.4 ± 14.7 vs. 89.2 ± 26.7, p < 0.01); this reduction was associated with both heavy metal levels ( β: −41.8, 95% CI: −78.5% to −5.1%) and plasma MDA (−0.37; −0.68 to −0.06). In metal arc-welders, significant physical and morphological changes were observed in AMs through microscopic evaluation while EDX analyses demonstrated higher deposition of heavy metals on the AM cell surface than the referents. We also observed a higher degree of DNA damage in the sputum cells of the exposed workers than the referents. Conclusion: Heavy metal exposure-induced adverse respiratory effects among metal arc-welders are mediated through haematological and cytological interactions.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

scholarly journals Relationship between heavy metal exposure and type 2 diabetes: a large-scale retrospective cohort study using occupational health examinations

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e039541
Author(s):  
Jun Ho Ji ◽  
Mi Hyeon Jin ◽  
Jung-Hun Kang ◽  
Soon Il Lee ◽  
Suee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Heavy Metal Exposure ◽  
Lead And Cadmium

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between heavy metal exposure and serum ferritin levels, physical measurements and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingChangwon, the location of this study, is a Korean representative industrial city. Data were obtained from medical check-ups between 2002 and 2018.ParticipantsA total of 34 814 male subjects were included. Of them, 1035 subjects with lead exposure, 200 subjects with cadmium exposure and the 33 579 remaining were assigned to cohort A, cohort B and the control cohort, respectively. Data including personal history of alcohol and smoking, age, height, weight, the follow-up duration, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), ferritin levels, and lead and cadmium levels within 1 year after exposure were collected.Primary outcome measureIn subjects without diabetes, changes in FBS and HbA1c were analysed through repeated tests at intervals of 1 year or longer after the occupational exposure to heavy metals.ResultsIn Cohort A, DM was diagnosed in 33 subjects. There was a significant difference in lead concentrations between the subjects diagnosed with DM and those without DM during the follow-up period (3.94±2.92 mg/dL vs 2.81±2.03 mg/dL, p=0.002). Simple exposure to heavy metals (lead and cadmium) was not associated with DM in Cox regression models (lead exposure (HR) 1.01, 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.77, p 0.971; cadmium exposure HR 1.48, 95% CI: 0.61 to 3.55, p=0.385). Annual changes in FBS according to lead concentration at the beginning of exposure showed a positive correlation (r=0.072, p=0.032).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated that simple occupational exposure to heavy metals lead and cadmium was not associated with the incidence of DM. However, lead concentrations at the beginning of the exposure might be an indicator of DM and glucose elevations.

scholarly journals TINGKAT BIOKONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI IKAN MUJAIR (Oreochromis Mossambicus) YANG HIDUP DI PERAIRAN TUKAD BADUNG KOTA DENPASAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Made Rahayu Kusumadewi ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I Ketut Berata
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Food Ingredient

Tukad Badung River is one of the potential contamination of heavy metal sare very highin the city of Denpasar. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) isa commonspecies of fish found in the river and became the object of fishing by the public. The fish is usually consume das a food ingredient forever yangler. Fish can be used as bio-indicators of chemical contamination in the aquatic environment. Determination of heavy metal bioconcentration and analysis of liver histopathology gills organs and muscles is performed to determine the content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr+6, and the influence of heavy metal exposure to changes in organ histopathology Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung. In this observational study examined the levels of heavy metal contamination include Pb, Cd and Cr+6 in Tilapia meat with AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric), and observe the histopathological changes in organ preparations gills, liver, and muscle were stained with HE staining (hematoxylin eosin). Low Pb content of the fish that live in Tukad Badung 0.8385 mg/kg and high of 20.2600 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals Pb is above the quality standards specified in ISO 7378 : 2009 in the amount of 0.3 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 low of 1.1402 mg / kg and the highest Cr+6 is 6.2214 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 is above the quality standards established in the FAO Fish Circular 764 is equal to 1.0 mg / kg. In fish with Pb bioconcentration of 0.8385 mg / kg and Cr+6 of 1.1402 mg / kg was found that histopathological changes gill hyperplasia and fusion, the liver was found degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis, and in muscle atrophy found. Histopathologicalchangessuch asedema and necrosis ofthe liveris foundin fishwith Pb bioconcentration of 4.5225mg/kg and Cr+6 amounted to2.5163mg/kg. Bio concentration of heavy metal contamination of lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) on Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) who lives in Tukad Badung river waters exceed the applicable standard. Histopathological changes occur in organs gills, liver, and muscle as a result of exposure to heavy metals lead and hexavalent chromium. Advised the people not to eat Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro studies on heavy metal tolerance in Sesbania grandiflora L

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Kadhim M. Ibrahim ◽  
Shaimaa A. Yousir
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Whole Plants

Several experiments were carried out to study heavy metal tolerance in tissue cultures or whole plants of S. grandiflora., Callus was induced and maintained on modified Murashige and Skoog, 1962 medium (MS) supplemented with (0.5)mg/l benzyl adenine and (2)mg/l 2,4-phenoxy acetic acid . Heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Cr or Zn) were added to the culture medium at different concentrations as contamination agents. In order to asses the effect of these heavy metals on seed germination; seeds were sown in soil contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals for 3 weeks. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used for analysis of samples taken from whole plants and callus cultures. Results showed that callus fresh weight decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration in cultural medium. Germination percentages and plant heights increased over time. However, a reduction occurred in these parameters with increasing heavy metal levels. Percentages of metals accumulated in calli were (0.001, 0.011, 0.012 and 0.013%) at (0.0, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1)mg/l Cd respectively; (0.001, 0.008, 0.016 and 0.006%) at (0.0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5)mg/l Co respectively; (0.001, 0.020, 0.034 and 0.015%) at (0.0, 0.075, 0.2 and 0.5)mg/l Cu respectively; (0.001, 0.013, 0.012 and 0.010%) at (0.0, 0.25, 0.4 and 0.5)mg/l Cr respectively and (0.027, 0.051, 0.059 and 0.056%) at (0.0 , 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5)mg/l Zn respectively. Percentages of metals accumulated in whole plants were (0.08, 0.55, 1.11, 0.83 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0)mg/Kg soil Cd respectively; (0.11, 0.22, 0.55, 0.47 and 0.44%) at (0.0, 15.0, 30.0 45.0 and 60.0)mg/Kg soil Co respectively; (0.01, 0.10, 0.57, 0.58 and 0.72%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cu respectively. (0.08, 0.80, 1.28, 1.31 and 0.88%) at (0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0)mg/Kg soil Cr respectively and (0.06, 1.11, 1.20, 1.83 and 2.22%) at (0.0, 100.0, 200.0, 300.0 and 400.0)mg/Kg soil Zn respectively.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in drinking water sources of Chingola District, Zambia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Hamwiinga ◽  
Chisala D. Meki ◽  
Patricia Mubita ◽  
Hikabasa Halwiindi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Metal Levels

Abstract Background: One of the factors impeding access to safe water is water pollution. Of particular concern is heavy metal contamination of water bodies. This study was aimed at determining the levels of heavy metals in drinking water sources of Chingola District of Zambia. Methods: A cross sectional study was employed. A total of 60 water samples were collected. Thirsty (30) samples were collected in the dry season in the month of October 2016 and another 30 in the wet season in the months of February and March, 2017. For each season 10 water samples were collected from each of the three water sources. i.e. Tap water, Urban ground water sources and Rural ground water sources. Heavy metal analysis was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).Results: This study revealed that the concentrations of Iron, Manganese, Lead, Nickel and Arsenic were beyond maximum permissible levels in various water sources. Combined averages for both dry and wet seasons were as follows: Iron: 2.3, Copper: 0.63, Cobalt: 0.02, Manganese: 0.36, Lead: 0.04, Zinc:3.2, Nickel: 0.03, Arsenic: 0.05. Chromium and Cadmium were below detection limit in all water samples. The median concentrations of iron, arsenic, copper, manganese in drinking water from the Tap, rural and urban ground water sources were different, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The median concentrations of arsenic, nickel, manganese and cobalt were different between dry and wet season, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Sources of heavy metals in water seems to be both natural and from human activities. The concentration of heavy metals in different water sources in this study was found to be above the recommended levels. This calls for improvement in water monitoring to protect the health of the public. Therefore, there is need for continuous monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water sources by regulatory authorities.

scholarly journals Keban Baraj Gölü Örencik Mevkiinden (Elazığ) Yakalanan Capoeta trutta’nın Kas Dokusundaki Bazı Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1250-1257
Author(s):  
Özgür Canpolat ◽  
Metin Çalta
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
The Relationship

Keban Dam Lake is the second largest dam lake in Turkey. In addition, it has the feature of being one of the most important dam lakes in our country in terms of both aquaculture potential and electricity generation. In this study, fish samples belong to Capoeta trutta caught from Örencik region of Keban Dam Lake were used. The concentrations of some heavy metals (copper, iron, zinc, chromium, nickel, cadmium, arsenic and mercury) in muscle of Capoeta trutta and the potential health risk from consumption of this fish species were examined. In addidion, the relationship between the heavy metal levels and some biological aspects of fish (weight, length and sex) were determined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the most and the least accumulated heavy metals in the muscle tissue of Capoeta trutta were zinc and cadmium respectively. The concentration of heavy metals showed differences according to weight, length and sex of fish. The results were found indicated that heavy metal levels in the muscle tissue of Capoeta trutta are below the tolerable values recommended by EPA, WHO and FAO. Therefore, there is not any risk for human consumption of this fish species.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Sorption by Sludge-Derived Biochar with Focus on Pb2+ Sorption Capacity at μg/L Concentrations

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559
Author(s):  
Ida Sylwan ◽  
Hanna Runtti ◽  
Lena Johansson Westholm ◽  
Henrik Romar ◽  
Eva Thorin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Metal Sorption ◽  
Heavy Metal Sorption

Municipal wastewater management causes metal exposure to humans and the environment. Targeted metal removal is suggested to reduce metal loads during sludge reuse and release of effluent to receiving waters. Biochar is considered a low-cost sorbent with high sorption capacity for heavy metals. In this study, heavy metal sorption to sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) was investigated through batch experiments and modeling and compared to that of wood-derived biochar (WDBC) and activated carbon (AC). The aim was to investigate the sorption efficiency at metal concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater (<1 mg/L), for which experimental data are lacking and isotherm models have not been verified in previous works. Pb2+ removal of up to 83% was demonstrated at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater, at pH 2. SDBC showed superior Pb2+ sorption capacity (maximum ~2 mg/g at pH 2) compared to WDBC and AC (<0 and (3.5 ± 0.4) × 10−3 mg/g, respectively); however, at the lowest concentration investigated (0.005 mg/L), SDBC released Pb2+. The potential risk of release of other heavy metals (i.e., Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn) needs to be further examined. The sorption capacity of SDBC over a metal concentration span of 0.005–150 mg Pb2+/L could be predicted with the Redlich–Peterson model. It was shown that experimental data at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater are necessary to accurately model and predict the sorption capacity of SDBC at these concentrations.

scholarly journals Maternal Heavy Metal Exposure, Thyroid Hormones, and Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5043-5052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Sun ◽  
Wenyu Liu ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiantao Shen ◽  
Chen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Heavy Metal Exposure ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Maternal Thyroid

AbstractContextMaternal thyroid hormones during pregnancy play a critical role in fetal development. However, whether maternal heavy metal exposure affects their thyroid hormones and the effects on fetal growth are still unclear.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of heavy metal exposure on maternal thyroid hormones and the potential mediation role of thyroid hormones on birth outcomes.MethodsConcentrations of heavy metals in urine samples and thyroid hormones in blood samples of 675 pregnant women were measured during early pregnancy in a cohort study conducted in China. Multivariable linear regressions were applied to explore the associations of maternal urinary heavy metal levels with both maternal thyroid hormones and birth outcomes. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the mediation role of thyroid hormones in these associations.ResultsMaternal urinary vanadium (V) exhibited an inverse association with free T3 (FT3) and FT3/free T4 (FT4) ratio levels. Urinary arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) had inverse relationships with FT3. We also observed the positive associations of maternal FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratio with birthweight. The mediation analyses suggested that 5.33% to 30.57% of the associations among V, As, and Pb levels and birth size might be mediated by maternal FT3 or FT3/FT4 ratio.ConclusionsWe have shown that maternal exposures to V, As, and Pb at early pregnancy were associated with decreased maternal FT3 or FT3/FT4 ratio, which might contribute to reduced birthweight. Mediation analyses indicated that maternal thyroid hormone was a possible mediator of the association between urinary heavy metals and birth size.

scholarly journals Derivation of Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) for Heavy Metals in Freshwater Organisms in Korea Using Species Sensitivity Distributions (SSDs)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Jinhee Park ◽  
Sang Don Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Gumbel Distribution ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Freshwater Organisms

Natural and artificial heavy metal exposure to the environment requires finding thresholds to protect aquatic ecosystems from the toxicity of heavy metals. The threshold is commonly called a predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) and is thought to protect most organisms in an ecosystem from a chemical. PNEC is derived by applying a large assessment factor (AF) to the toxicity value of the most sensitive organism to a chemical or by developing a species sensitivity distribution (SSD), which is a cumulative distribution function with many toxicity data for a chemical of diverse organisms. This study developed SSDs and derived PNECs using toxicity data of organisms living in Korea for four heavy metals: copper (Cd), cadmium (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Five distribution models were considered with log-transformed toxicity data, and their fitness and uncertainty were investigated. As a result, the normal distribution and Gumbel distribution fit the data well. In contrast, the Weibull distribution poorly accounted for the data at the lower tails for all of the heavy metals. The hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5) derived from the most suitable model for each heavy metal was calculated to be the preferred PNEC by AF 2 or AF 3. PNECs, obtained through a suitable SSD model with resident species and reasonable AF, will help protect freshwater organisms in Korea from heavy metals.

Removal of Particles and Dissolved Metals in Motorway Runoff by Filtration and Adsorption Using the Expanded Polypropylene Media

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Won Kang ◽  
Seog Ku Kim ◽  
Sang Leen Yun ◽  
Hye Cheol Oh ◽  
Jae Hwan Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Filtration Device

This research was conducted to investigate the application of the novel upflow-type filtration device using hydrophobia media made of expanded polypropylene (EPP) from driveways site. The higher level of motorway-derived heavy metal contamination exists in stormwater runoff from a road section and the heavy metal levels were higher than the regulated Korean environmental guideline in lake and river. For Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, the influent event mean concentrations (EMCs) during 8 storm periods were 2.75, 37.3, 90.5, 118.5 and 546.5 µg/L, respectively. The novel upflow-type filtration device with main mechanism of filtration and adsorption showed removal (>91%, >93%, >85%, >91% and >80%) of the studied heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) and differences of medians of removal efficiencies among heavy metals were not statistically signficant by Kruskal-Wallis test (p>0.05) during 8 storm events. It is found that EPP media is very effective at the removal of the heavy metals, and the magnitude of heavy metal removal in a decreasing order is Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn.

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