Explaining Animal Abuse Among Adolescents: The Role of Speciesism

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052095964
Author(s):  
Laurent Bègue
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Solitary Behavior ◽  
First Time

Animal abuse is considered a significant marker of violence towards humans, and understanding its determinants is important. In this first large-scale survey on adolescent animal abuse carried out in France, we introduced and tested the relative explanatory power of a new variable potentially involved in animal abuse: speciesism, defined as the belief that humans are intrinsically more valuable than individuals of other species. In a school sample composed of 12,344 participants aged 13–18 years, we observed that 7.3% of participants admitted having perpetrated animal abuse. Consistent with existing studies, cats and dogs were the animals most often abused. Animal abuse was a solitary behavior approximately half of the time, and in 25% of instances it involved only another person. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that animal abuse was more frequent among males and that it occurred more often among adolescents with less positive family climate, lower support from friends, lower attachment to school, and with higher anxio-depressive symptomatology. As implied by the generalized deviance hypothesis, animal abuse was related to more deviant behavior such as drunkenness and bullying. Moreover, this study showed for the first time that animal abuse was higher among adolescents who endorsed speciesist attitudes. These results suggest that beyond psychopathological factors, normative beliefs regarding the value of animals and their human use may also be involved in animal mistreatment.

A Past to Present Journey

2015 ◽  
pp. 180-206
Author(s):  
Moyassar Al-Taie ◽  
Michael Lane ◽  
Aileen Cater-Steel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chief Information Officer ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
It Infrastructure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Skilled Staff

This chapter explores the role of the Chief Information Officer (CIO). A detailed review of the existing literature traces the evolution of this role and highlights its characteristics and configurations. CIO role effectiveness can be described in terms of three demand-side roles: strategist, relationship architect, integrator, and three supply-side roles: educator, information steward, and utility provider. To explore the configuration of roles of CIOs in Australia, a large-scale survey of CIOs was conducted. The Australian results, based on 174 responses, are compared with those from similar studies in USA. The top priority for the Australian CIO was information steward, ensuring organizational data quality and security and recruiting and retaining IT skilled staff. In comparison, the first priority for the USA CIOs was utility provider - building and sustaining solid, dependable, and responsive IT infrastructure services. This study's findings have implications for CIO career development and recruitment.

scholarly journals It’s All in the Reading

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Déirdre Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

It seems inherent in the nature of contemporary artist’s book production to continue to question the context for the genre in contemporary art practice, notwithstanding the medium’s potential for dissemination via mass production and an unquestionable advantage of portability for distribution. Artists, curators and editors operating in this sector look to create contexts for books in a variety of imaginative ways, through exhibition, commission, installations, performance and, of course as documentation. Broadening the discussion of the idea of the book within contemporary art practice, this paper examines the presence and role of book works within the context of the art biennale, in particular the Venice Art Biennale of which the 58th iteration (2019) is entitled ‘May You Live In Interesting Times’ and curated by Ralph Rugoff, with an overview of the independent International cultural offerings and the function of the ‘Book Pavilion’. Venetian museums and institutions continue to present vibrant diverse works within the arena of large-scale exhibitions, recognising the position that the book occupies in the history of the city. This year, the appearance for the first time, of ‘Book Biennale’, opens up a new and interesting dialogue, taking the measure of how the book is being promoted and its particular function for visual communication within the arts in Venice and beyond.

scholarly journals Opportunistic or Non-Random Wildlife Crime? Attractiveness Rather Than Abundance in the Wild Leads to Selective Parrot Poaching

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Romero-Vidal ◽  
Fernando Hiraldo ◽  
Federica Rosseto ◽  
Guillermo Blanco ◽  
Martina Carrete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
First Time

Illegal wildlife trade, which mostly focuses on high-demand species, constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. However, whether poaching is an opportunistic crime within high-demand taxa such as parrots (i.e., harvesting proportional to species availability in the wild), or is selectively focused on particular, more desirable species, is still under debate. Answering this question has important conservation implications because selective poaching can lead to the extinction of some species through overharvesting. However, the challenges of estimating species abundances in the wild have hampered studies on this subject. We conducted a large-scale survey in Colombia to simultaneously estimate the relative abundance of wild parrots through roadside surveys (recording 10,811 individuals from 25 species across 2221 km surveyed) and as household, illegally trapped pets in 282 sampled villages (1179 individuals from 21 species). We used for the first time a selectivity index to test selection on poaching. Results demonstrated that poaching is not opportunistic, but positively selects species based on their attractiveness, defined as a function of species size, coloration, and ability to talk, which is also reflected in their local prices. Our methodological approach, which shows how selection increases the conservation impacts of poaching for parrots, can be applied to other taxa also impacted by harvesting for trade or other purposes.

scholarly journals Revisiting Phonotactic Generalizations in Australian Languages

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Gasser ◽  
Claire Bowern
Keyword(s):  
Optimality Theory ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Lexical Data ◽  
Australian Languages

Australian languages are famous for their uniform phonological systems. Cross-linguistic surveys of (or including) Australian languages have reinforced this view of Australian inventories and phonotactics. Such uniformity is surprising and unusual given the phylogenetic diversity in the country (28 phylic families). Moreover, although Australianists have assumed that uniformity in phonemic inventory is coupled with unity in phonotactics, this has not been tested.  Here we statistically test the generalizations current in the literature on Australian languages by deriving inventory information from lexical data (rather than grammatical descriptions).  We utilize a comparative database of lexical items from predominantly Pama-Nyungan languages in order to test published generalizations about phoneme inventories, phonotactics, and other phenomena (such as root internal vowel harmony patterns). By using lexical materials to derive inventories and segment frequencies, we are able to assemble a nuanced picture of the diversity of systems present among the languages. Inventory studies confirm, to some degree, the impression of uniformity. However, phoneme frequencies vary substantially across the sample even among languages with similar inventory types. This work is of particular importance to phonological typologies of Australian languages, but it has implications for wider phonological theory as well. The survey used here is the largest comparative database of a single language family. Rarely do we have the opportunity to conduct a large-scale typological investigation of related languages in this way. We also make a contribution to the role of typology in Optimality Theory. A large-scale survey of markedness patterns (in related languages) allows us to study occurring and non-occurring grammars. Finally, we can investigate the predictions of competing theories.

scholarly journals ‘The challenge now is for us to remain relevant’: Australian public libraries and the COVID-19 crisis

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110541
Author(s):  
Simon Wakeling ◽  
Jane Garner ◽  
Philip Hider ◽  
Hamid Jamali ◽  
Jessie Lymn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Delivery Models

The COVID-19 crisis has had a significant impact on public libraries around the world. In Australia, almost all public libraries experienced some period of building closure, requiring libraries to adapt their services and delivery models. This article reports findings from a large-scale survey of public library managers in Australia, which was conducted in August 2020. In particular, it presents the results of a thematic analysis of the participants’ free-text responses to open questions asked as part of the survey. This analysis reveals important insights relating to responses to library closures, staffing issues, new and expanded services and programmes, relationships with parent bodies, and the role of public libraries during the crisis and beyond. While public libraries are perceived by managers to have been agile and adaptable, and to have utilised technology effectively, the findings clearly demonstrate the value to users of library buildings, with important consequences for understanding the role of public libraries.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation for the outsourcing of military base management services in the Republic of Korea using SERVQUAL and IPA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinho Kim ◽  
Seongyoon Lee ◽  
Jaiill Lee ◽  
Seokjung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Military Base ◽  
Base Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a contracting-out project for military base management in response to recent defense reforms in the Republic of Korea that require military forces to concentrate on operations and combat missions. In this study, the service quality perspective via SERVQUAL was applied to the ROK defense sector for the first time, with the soldiers viewed as customers receiving a service. In addition, to improve the effectiveness of the contracted services, the importance-performance analysis framework was employed to identify the tasks that required urgent attention. We conducted a large-scale survey of 2,112 uniformed members within pilot project units. To avoid problems such as insincere responses or low response rates, we held interviews with the officers managing the units on the subject of the importance and purpose of the questionnaire. As a result, it was found that the outsourcing of cleaning services was the most successful initiative, while mowing/landscaping had the most urgent tasks for improvement, with some respondents believing that reliability and assurance should be improved.

Large-scale vertical motion and its influence on cloudiness

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geet George ◽  
Bjorn Stevens ◽  
Sandrine Bony ◽  
Marcus Klingebiel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Cumulus Clouds ◽  
Shallow Cumulus ◽  
Integrated Water Vapour ◽  
Thermodynamics And Dynamics ◽  
Lifting Condensation Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

<p>This study uses measurements from the <em>Elucidating the Role of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in Climate</em>, EUREC<sup>4</sup>A and the second <em>Next-Generation Aircraft Remote Sensing for Validation</em>, NARVAL2 campaigns to investigate the influence of large-scale environmental conditions on cloudiness. For the first time, these campaigns provide divergence measurements, making it possible to explore the impact of large-scale vertical motions on clouds. We attempt to explain the cloudiness through the varying thermodynamics and dynamics in the different environments.  For most of the NARVAL2 case-studies, cloudiness is poorly related to thermodynamical factors such as sea-surface temperature and lower tropospheric stability. Factors such as integrated water vapour and pressure velocity (ω) at 500 hPa and 700 hPa can be used to distinguish between actively convecting and suppressed regions, but they are not useful in determining the variation in cloudiness among suppressed cases. We find that ω in the boundary layer (up to ∼2 km) has a more direct control on the low-level cloudiness in these regions, than that in the upper layers. We use a simplistic method to show that ω at the lifting condensation level can be used to determine the cloud cover of shallow cumulus clouds. Thus, we argue that cloud schemes in models should not rely only on thermodynamical information, but also on dynamical predictors.</p>

Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: A structure–agency approach

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 2635-2653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaihuai Liao ◽  
Rainer Wehrhahn ◽  
Werner Breitung
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gated Communities ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Professional Perspectives ◽  
Large Scale Survey

This study takes an actor-oriented perspective and focuses on the role of urban planners in the production of gated communities in China. It probes their related values and the structural factors influencing their preferences and planning choices. The main empirical basis is a large-scale survey of urban planners throughout China. The results show for example that most of the surveyed planners are residents of gated communities themselves. This is highly important, because their residential experiences and middle-class identities are likely to affect their values and professional perspectives. Their attitudes towards gating furthermore strongly correlate with the views of the local governments for whom they work, which is understandable in view of the prevailing power structures. It is found that most planners either support gated communities or do not see much leverage to act against them, but that many are able to achieve amendments to reduce negative effects of gating.

FEATURES OF PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY OF Ge AND Si WITH DISORDERED REGIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 2985-2996 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. YEVSEYEV
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Potential Relief ◽  
Photoelectrical Properties ◽  
Recombination Centers ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Energy Particles ◽  
Disordered Regions

Influence of large radiation defects — disordered regions on photoconductivity of semiconductors Ge and Si , compensated as a result of an irradiation with fast neutrons and 1 GeV protons, is investigated. For the first time, the combined role of disordered regions and a large-scale potential relief in photoelectrical properties of Ge and Si , irradiated by high energy particles is defined. The model of photoconductivity that takes into consideration disordered regions as specific sensitizing recombination centers and allows formation of the spatial potential relief is developed.

scholarly journals Assessing the explanatory power of naturalism in addressing ultimate questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Javad Darvish Aghajani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Natural Event ◽  
Full Explanation ◽  
Ultimate Question ◽  
Mental Properties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theory Ladenness

A typical scientist has no responsibility other than to explain how a natural event occurred. However, when a philosopher asks about the conditions under which a scientist’s explanation is true, he is, in fact, raising an ultimate question, the concept which Karl Popper used for the first time. Answering this question requires that no elements are neglected in the explanation, and no significant factors in the explanation are overlooked. In other words, in explainingphenomenon, at any level of its explanation, there should be no remainder. These requirements can be achieved through the full explanation. In the present article, by drawing on concepts such as theory-ladenness of observation, underdetermination of theory by evidence, and the role of models and metaphors in developing a scientific theory, it is illustrated thatcomplete explanation includes both a scientific explanation and personal explanation. A personal explanation comprises mental properties such as belief, desire, and intention, which are irreducible to physical properties. Therefore, we cannot provide a personal explanation while restricting ourselves to scientific methods. Consequently, it is argued in this article first, the personal explanation is irreducible to a scientific explanation. Second, the personal explanation is inevitable in order to provide a full explanation. Third, (methodological) naturalists claim that the ultimate judgment of what is natural and unnatural is possible only by scientific inquiry. Finally, accepting these three premises entails the inability of a naturalist to answer ultimate questions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document