Changing the Physical Activity Behavior of Adults With Fitness Trackers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Lynch ◽  
Stephen Bird ◽  
Noel Lythgo ◽  
Isaac Selva-Raj
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Alternative Intervention ◽  
Positive Effect

Objective: To examine whether a fitness tracker (FT) intervention changes physical activity (PA) behavior compared to a control condition or compared to an alternative intervention. Data Source: Searches between January 01, 2010, and January 01, 2019, were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: Randomized clinical trials of adults using an FT to change PA behavior were included. Nonclinical trials, studies that included the delivery of structured exercise, and/or studies that only used the FT to assess PA were excluded. Data Extraction: Extracted features included characteristics of the study population, intervention components, PA outcomes, and results. Data Synthesis: Papers were pooled in a statistical meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. Where statistical pooling was not possible, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Findings were presented in a narrative form and tables. Results: Of 2076 articles found, 21 were included in the review. A small yet significant positive effect (SMD = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.17-0.32; P < .01; I2 = 56.9%; P = .03) was found in step count for interventions compared to control. A small yet significant negative effect (SMD = −0.11, 95% CI = −0.20 to −0.02; P = .02; I2 = 58.2%; P = 0.03) was found in moderate-to-vigorous PA for interventions compared to an alternative intervention. Conclusion: Trackers may enhance PA interventions, as a general positive effect is found in step count compared to a control. However, there is no evidence of a positive effect when interventions are compared to an alternative intervention. It is unknown whether results are due to other intervention components and/or clinical heterogeneity.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis about the Effect of Bisphosphonates on the Risk of Skeletal-Related Event in Men with Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1604-1612
Author(s):  
Congcong Wu ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
Jianghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Related Event ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Related Event

Background: Although the adjuvant therapy of bisphosphonates in prostate cancer is effective in improving bone mineral density, it is still uncertain whether bisphosphonates could decrease the risk of Skeletal- Related Event (SRE) in patients with prostate cancer. We reviewed and analyzed the effect of different types of bisphosphonates on the risk of SRE, defined as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy to the bone, surgery to bone, hypercalcemia, bone pain, or death as a result of prostate cancer. Methods: A systemic literature search was conducted on PubMed and related bibliographies. The emphasis during data extraction was laid on the Hazard Ratio (HR) and the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) from every eligible Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). HR was pooled with the fixed effects model, and preplanned subgroup analyses were performed. Results: 5 RCTs (n = 4651) were included and analyzed finally after screening 51 articles. The meta-analysis of all participants showed no significant decrease in the risk of SRE when adding bisphosphonates to control group (HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679). There was no significant improvement on SRE neither in the subgroups with Metastases (M1) or Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (CSPC) (respectively HR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.874 - 1.072, p = 0.536, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 4) p = 0.679; HR = 0.954, 95% CI = 0.837 - 1.088, p = 0.484, I2 = 0.0% (d.f. = 3) p = 0.534). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that bisphosphonates could not statistically significantly reduce the risk of SRE in patients with prostate cancer, neither in the subgroups with M1 or CSPC.

Use of Statins and Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Seven Randomized Clinical Trials and Nine Observational Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (34) ◽  
pp. 8606-8612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Bonovas ◽  
Kalitsa Filioussi ◽  
Nikolaos Tsavaris ◽  
Nikolaos M. Sitaras
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Fixed Effects Model

Purpose A growing body of evidence suggests that statins may have chemopreventive potential against breast cancer. Laboratory studies demonstrate that statins induce apoptosis and reduce cell invasiveness in various cell lines, including breast carcinoma cells. However, the clinical relevance of these data remains unclear. The nonconclusive nature of the epidemiologic data prompted us to conduct a detailed meta-analysis of the studies published on the subject in peer-reviewed literature. Patients and Methods A comprehensive search for articles published up until 2005 was performed; reviews of each study were conducted; and data were abstracted. Before meta-analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates and 95% CIs were calculated using the random and the fixed-effects models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results Seven large randomized trials and nine observational studies (five case-control and four cohort studies) contributed to the analysis. We found no evidence of publication bias or heterogeneity among the studies. Statin use did not significantly affect breast cancer risk (fixed effects model: RR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.14; random effects model: RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.18). When the analyses were stratified into subgroups, there was no evidence that study design substantially influenced the estimate of effects. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of our results. Conclusion Our meta-analysis findings do not support a protective effect of statins against breast cancer. However, this conclusion is limited by the relatively short follow-up times of the studies analyzed. Further studies are required to investigate the potential decrease in breast cancer risk among long-term statin users.

scholarly journals A Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Concussion on a Computerized Neurocognitive Test and Self-Reported Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 834-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bara Alsalaheen ◽  
Kayla Stockdale ◽  
Dana Pechumer ◽  
Steven P. Broglio ◽  
Gregory F. Marchetti
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Neurocognitive Test

Context:  Meta-analyses examining construct-specific cognitive impairment concurrently with self-reported symptoms postconcussion are sparse. Objective:  To review the literature on the effects of concussion on construct-specific neurocognitive declines and to compare them with self-reported symptoms before 1 week and between 1 and 3 weeks postconcussion. Data Sources:  Relevant studies in PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO published from January 1, 1999 through November 30, 2015. Study Selection:  Studies were included if participants completed the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) before and after concussion and if test performance and Postconcussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores were reported at both times. Data Extraction:  After reviewing the full texts, we extracted data from 17 studies consisting of 29 independent samples; therefore, this meta-analysis consisted of 1777 unique participants. Data Synthesis:  The Hedges g effect size (ES) was estimated. A random-effects or fixed-effects model was used based on heterogeneity findings. When heterogeneity was present, we used meta-regression to assess unexplained between-studies variance. Within the first week of injury, the ESs were small to moderate for cognitive declines, ranging from −0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.52, −0.35) to −0.67 (95% CI = −0.77, −0.58), and large for the PCSS score (Hedges g = −0.81; 95% CI = −0.91, −0.71). After 1 week, the ESs for cognitive declines (Hedges g range = −0.25 [95% CI = −0.35, −0.15] to −0.37 [95% CI = −0.55, −0.19]) and PCSS score (Hedges g = −0.38; 95% CI = −0.53, −0.22) were also small. Within 2 weeks of injury, PCSS score and time since injury weakly moderated the cognitive ES. Conclusions:  When a neurocognitive test was administered within 1 week of injury, the ES was larger for self-reported symptoms than for ImPACT scores generated at the same session. After 1 week of injury, the ESs for ImPACT and PCSS scores were comparable. If the athlete reports symptoms within 1 week of injury, administering a cognitive test does not appear to offer additional information to the clinician. However, if the athlete does not report symptoms postconcussion, cognitive testing may inform the clinical management of the injury.

Association of risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) with docetaxel in prostate cancer (PC) patients: A meta-analysis of published phase II-III trials.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21683-e21683
Author(s):  
Blazquez Arroyo Maria ◽  
Antonio Merida Garcia ◽  
David Lora ◽  
Brandon David Bernard ◽  
Lorente David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Marrow Involvement ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fixed Effects Model

e21683 Background: Reported rates of FN with docetaxel (DTX) in PC patients are variable. This creates uncertainty regard the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor primary prophylaxis (G-CSF) in this setting. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to determine the relative risk (RR) of FN in patients receiving DTX. Methods: To perform this analysis we systematically searched in PUBMED and MEDLINE database the following terms: “DTX”, “randomized clinical trial” and “prostate cancer” only for articles published between January 1996 and August 2016. Phase II-III clinical studies comparing DTX to non-DTX control arms (best supportive care [BSC] including non-cytotoxic therapy or mitoxantrone) for PC were included. The meta-analyses were performed by computing RRs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using fixed-effects model with the Mantel-Haenszel method. Results: Seven studies (N = 5088 patients) were included. The global incidence of FN in patients treated with DTX was 10.7%. The RR of FN was higher in patients receiving DTX compared to patients did not receive DTX (RR 16.8 [95% CI 10.7; 26.4] p < 0.0001). 6.6% of patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with DTX developed FN, the RR of FN with DTX compared to mitoxantrone was 28.6 (95% CI 5.6; 145.1). 12.4% of patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) treated with DTX developed FN, the RR of FN was 15.3 (95% CI 9.6; 24.6) compared to BSC. There was no statistically significant differences in the rate of FN according to the hormone sensitivity (HSPC vs CRPC) (p = 0.7). In most studies the use of G-CSF was at the discretion of the investigator. Conclusions: This meta-analysis shows that DTX is associated with a significant increase in the relative risk of FN in patients with PC. The effectiveness of primary prophylactic G-CSF in this setting has not been fully established. The incidence reported here does not meet the threshold recommended by ESMO and ASCO guidelines for the use of prophylactic G-CSF. Special attention should be given to high risk groups for FN, including elderly patients and those with bone marrow involvement or previous radiotherapy/chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Comparison of anterior corpectomy and fusion versus laminoplasty for the treatment of cervical ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament: a meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Chen ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Jianwen Dong ◽  
Feng Feng ◽  
Ruiqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Anterior Corpectomy

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of anterior corpectomy and fusion (ACF) with laminoplasty for the treatment of patients diagnosed with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS The authors searched electronic databases for relevant studies that compared the use of ACF with laminoplasty for the treatment of patients with OPLL. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted, and statistical software was used for data analysis. The random effects model was used if there was heterogeneity between studies; otherwise, the fixed effects model was used. RESULTS A total of 10 nonrandomized controlled studies involving 819 patients were included. Postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score (p = 0.02, 95% CI 0.30–2.81) was better in the ACF group than in the laminoplasty group. The recovery rate was superior in the ACF group for patients with an occupying ratio of OPLL of ≥ 60% (p < 0.00001, 95% CI 21.27–34.44) and for patients with kyphotic alignment (p < 0.00001, 95% CI 16.49–27.17). Data analysis also showed that the ACF group was associated with a higher incidence of complications (p = 0.02, 95% CI 1.08–2.59) and reoperations (p = 0.002, 95% CI 1.83–14.79), longer operation time (p = 0.01, 95% CI 17.72 –160.75), and more blood loss (p = 0.0004, 95% CI 42.22–148.45). CONCLUSIONS For patients with an occupying ratio ≥ 60% or with kyphotic cervical alignment, ACF appears to be the preferable treatment method. Nevertheless, laminoplasty seems to be effective and safe enough for patients with an occupying ratio < 60% or with adequate cervical lordosis. However, it must be emphasized that a surgical strategy should be made based on the individual patient. Further randomized controlled trials comparing the use of ACF with laminoplasty for the treatment of OPLL should be performed to make a more convincing conclusion.

Associations of dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 with the risk of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Wu ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Suyun Li ◽  
Dongfeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Fixed Effects Model

Abstract Context The results from epidemiologic studies on the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 and association with risk of developing depression have been inconsistent. Objective The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence and synthesize the results. Data Sources The databases of Web of Science and PubMed were searched for relevant articles published in English until September 2020. Study Selection Observational studies that evaluated the associations between depression and dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 were included in this study. Data Extraction The job of data extraction was undertaken by 2 authors, and the pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model. Results Thirteen articles related to 18 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 was 0.69 (0.55–0.87), 0.77 (0.67–0.89), 0.81 (0.71–0.93), and 0.86 (0.75–0.99), respectively. The pooled RR (95% CI) of depression for the highest vs the lowest category of dietary vitamin B2 was 0.80 (0.64–0.99) in females and 0.83 (0.67–1.02) in males, for dietary vitamin B6 was 0.71 (0.59–0.86) in females and 0.92 (0.76–1.12) in males, and for dietary vitamin B12 was 0.79 (0.65–0.97) in females and 0.94 (0.77–1.15) in males. Conclusion This study suggested that the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 may be inversely associated with the risk of depression; the inverse associations observed between depression and intake of dietary vitamin B2, B6, and B12 were significant in females, but not in males. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Prognostic Significance of c-Met in Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Peng ◽  
Shengnan Qi ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Wanyu Li ◽  
Chunxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure

Objective. A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze c-Met expression in cervical cancer.Methods. Articles related to our study were retrieved from PubMed, Elsevier, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. State 12.0 was used for literature review, data extraction, and meta-analysis. The random-effects model and fixed-effects model were utilized to pool the relative ratio based on the heterogeneity test in the meta-analysis.Results.Nine studies that include data of 685 cervical carcinoma tissues were analyzed. However, three studies did not thoroughly discuss c-Met expression in nonneoplastic cervical tissue; thus, only six studies involving 364 patients and 228 nonneoplastic cervical tissues were included in the review. c-Met expression was higher in cervical cancer (60.99%) than in nonneoplastic cervical tissue (19.74%). Cervical carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasm, and normal cervical tissue were also examined. Results showed that increasing malignancy resulted in elevated c-Met expression. The relationship between c-Met expression and clinicopathologic features was also evaluated. c-Met expression correlated with disease-free survival, lymph node involvement, and lymphovascular space invasion. No statistical difference was observed between c-Met expression and other clinicopathological factors.Conclusions.c-Met is a potential diagnostic and prognostic indicator of cervical cancer.

Microvascular Benefits of New Antidiabetic Agents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Kidney Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S Cha ◽  
Yilin Chen ◽  
Katherine Fazioli ◽  
Matthew B Rivara ◽  
Emily Beth Devine
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Diabetic Kidney

Abstract Purpose Diabetic kidney disease affects nearly one-third of US adults with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of new antidiabetic medications in the prevention and treatment of diabetic kidney disease is a growing area of research interest. We sought to characterize the risk of developing a composite kidney outcome among patients receiving a new antidiabetic medication of the SGLT-2i, GLP-1ra, and DPP-4i drug classes. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE to identify randomized trials observing kidney safety endpoints associated with the use of new antidiabetic medications. Two independent reviewers selected the seven eligible studies for analysis. Included studies were published between 01/2013-03/2020, conducted among adults, in English full-text, and observed composite kidney outcomes. A network meta-analysis was conducted within a Bayesian framework using a fixed-effects model with uninformative priors. Results A qualitative assessment of transitivity was conducted to ensure similar distribution of potential modifiers across studies. Included studies were generally comparable in mean age, HbA1c, and mean duration of T2DM at baseline. Main Conclusions Compared to placebo, dapagliflozin was associated with the greatest reduction in risk of developing the composite kidney outcome (hazard ratio 0.53 [95% credible interval 0.43-0.66]) followed by empagliflozin, canagliflozin, semaglutide, and liraglutide. Linagliptin did not show a significant reduction in risk of the outcome. Limitations This analysis was limited by the scarcity of data for kidney safety endpoints in large, randomized clinical trials. Although the heterogeneity statistic was low, there are slight differences in study design and baseline demographic characteristics across trials.

scholarly journals Statin and Post-Cardiac Surgery Atrial Fibrillation Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Oliveri ◽  
Andrea Bongiorno ◽  
Sara Compagnoni ◽  
Alessandro Fasolino ◽  
Francesca Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequently reported complication of cardiac surgery, leading to increased in-hospital and long-term mortality rates. Many studies have suggested using statins to protect against POAF. Thus, we aim to investigate if statin pre-treatment may effectively lower the incidence of POAF. Method: We performed a systematic literature search of PubMed for potential studies between January 2006 and August 2021. Principal inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials study design; statin-naive patients; total study participants ≥ 50 units. We used the fixed-effects model to obtain the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each analyzed intervention. Results: Overall, statin pre-treatment reduced the incidence of POAF compared to placebo (OR 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60-0.85, p-value < 0.00001). Analyzing subclasses, atorvastatin was associated with lower incidence of POAF (OR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.41-0.70, p-value = 0.002), but rosuvastatin was not (OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.71-1.14, p-value = 0.38). Selecting studies with ≥ 199 patients, results were divergent. There was not statistically significant difference between statin pre-treatment and placebo (OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.74-1.09, p-value = 0.26), as well as for atorvastatin (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54-1.03, p-value = 0.08) and rosuvastatin (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.68-1.12, p-value = 0,29). Conclusion: Statin pre-treatment before cardiac surgery is not associated with a significant reduction in POAF occurrence. Thus, based upon our results and considering possible renal complications, we discourage statin pre-treatment in preventing POAF.

scholarly journals Efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron) vs dopamine receptor antagonists (droperidol) for preventing postoperative nausea, vomiting and headache: a meta-analysis

Pteridines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Chen ◽  
Yinying Qin ◽  
Siying Li ◽  
Heshou Lei ◽  
Xiaoyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Postoperative Nausea ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Post Operative Nausea

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists (ondansetron [OND]) versus dopamine receptor antagonists (droperidol [DRO]) in the prevention of postoperative nausea, vomiting (PONV) and headache by pooling data from open published studies. Methods Performed systematic electronic searches of PubMed, Embase, Google scholar and CNKI, to identify open-published prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) relevant to the comparison of OND versus DRO for preventing PONV and headache to be included in the present study. The pooled PONV, headache, dizziness and drowsiness were calculated based on the original data of each included study. The pooled data was presented with risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results Thirteen prospective randomized clinical trials were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled PONV, post-operative nausea (PON) and positive operative vomiting (POV) were 0.67 (95%CI:0.48-0.93, p<0.05), 0.88 (95%CI:0.67-1.14, p>0.05) and 0.56 (95%CI:0.39-0.82,p<0.05) respectively for OND vs. DRO. And the overall pooled positive operative nausea and vomiting was 0.71(95%CI:0.60-0.86) by fixed effects model for OND vs. DRO. The pooled risk of postoperative headache, dizziness and drowsiness were 4.33 (95%CI:0.76-24.69, p>0.05), 0.63 (95%CI:0.21-1.87, p>0.05) and 0.48(0.28-0.81,p<0.05) respectively by fixed effect model for OND vs. DRO. Conclusion The post-operative nausea, vomiting and dizziness risks were significant decreased for patients receiving OND compared to patients receiving DRO.

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