Polypropylene/wood powder composites: Evaluation of PP viscosity in thermal, mechanical, thermomechanical, and morphological characters

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571988095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo da Silva Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽  
Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽  
Renate Maria Ramos Wellen
Keyword(s):  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Powder Composites

Large waste amounts from wood industries as powder and sawdust are daily produced, and reusing these materials otherwise would be discharged to the environment has become an economically viable and environmentally friendly alternative to produce new materials. Based on these arguments, polypropylene (PP)/Jatobá wood powder composites upon addition of two types of PP were processed in a corotational twin screw extruder; specimens were injected and molded and their characterization was performed through differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, mechanical properties (impact, tensile, flexural, and hardness), heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased elastic modulus, shore D hardness, HDT, and Vicat related to neat PPs were reached. Nevertheless, losses in impact and tensile strength as well as in elongation at break were also verified. These lower data may be associated with the wood agglomeration, as shown in SEM images. Apparently, the investigated properties were not affected by PP viscosities, where both of them presented similar data. Summing up, presented results can be considered commercially feasible, focusing at economic and environmental benefits while producing higher performance products.

Toughening Modification of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Poly(ethylene-co-octene)

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394
Author(s):  
Huiyu Bai ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yinxi Zhang ◽  
Xiangfu Zhang ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Average Diameter ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bisphenol A Polycarbonate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
The Impact

New toughened poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PC) blends were obtained by melt blending with commercial poly(ethylene-co-octene) copolymer (POE), varying the POE content up to 10 wt%, in a twin screw extruder, followed by injection moulding. The influence of POE on the properties of the PBT/PC blends was investigated in terms of mechanical testing, dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The results showed that addition of POE led to remarkable increases in the impact strength, elongation at break and Vicat temperature, and a reduction in the tensile strength and flexural properties of PBT/PC blends. The morphology of the blends was observed using SEM and the average diameter of the dispersed phase was determined by image analysis. The critical inter-particle distance for PBT/PC was determined.

Effects of Epoxidized Nature Rubber on High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber/Banana Skin Powder Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Ragunathan Santiagoo ◽  
Sam Sung Ting ◽  
Azlinda Abdul Ghani ◽  
Hanafi Ismail ◽  
Awiezan Mislan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
High Density ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Powder Composites

The compatibilizer effect of ENR-50 on the tensile properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/banana skin powder (BSP)/ composites has been studies. HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites were prepared by melt mixing technique using twin-screw at 180 °C for 9 minutes at rotor speed 50 rpm. The six different composites studied were 100/0/5, 80/20/5, 70/30/5, 60/40/5, 50/50/5, and 40/60/5. As for compatibilized composite a fix 5 wt% of ENR-50 was evaluated. The specimens were analysed for tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb). The results showed that tensile strength and the elongation at break were decreases with the increasing of NBRr loading. However for ENR-50 compatibilized composites, higher tensile strength and elongation at break was recorded. The ENR-50 was found to be an excellent compatibilizer for HDPE/NBRr/BSP composites.

Study on the Crystallization and Morphology of HDPE-g-GMA Modified PA66/UHMWPE Blends

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Zi Nian Zhao ◽  
Wen Hua Zhang ◽  
Gang Qiang Lei
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Comprehensive Property

By means of melt compounding method, the Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted HDPE modified Polyamide 66 (PA66) with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) blends were prepared via the co-rotating twin screw extruder．The effects of different UHMWPE/HDPE contents on properties of PA66/UHMWPE blends were investigated．Meanwhile, the mechanical properties such as tensile and impact strength etc. were investigated. By using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), the crystalline and morphology of PA66/UHMWPE blends were analyzed. The results show that UHMWPE toughened PA66 samples exhibit significantly enhanced impact strength and elongation at break comparison with natural PA66. The samples of PA66 with 30% of UHMWPE/HDPE (mass ratio 3/7) blends show impact strength about 2 times and elongation at yield 7 times more than those of natural PA66．The behavior of HDPE-g-GMA shows an effective compatibilizer for PA66/UHMWPE blends, when the mass ratio of PA66/(UHMWPE/HDPE) at 70:30, the blend indicates the best comprehensive property. The investigation on crystallization and morphology of PA66 and their blends show that the behaviors of melting about the two components are independent either PA66 or UHMWPE/HDPE. There are independent melting behaviors, meanwhile, interacted each other between PA66 and UHMWPE. Due to the good compatibility which HDPE-g-GMA contributed, the homogenous PA66/UHMWPE blends could be achieved. The photographs of SEM analysis indicate that the interface action of PA66 and polyethylene is enhanced by compatibilizer HDPE-g-GMA.

scholarly journals Miscibility improvement of LDPE/PVA blends by using silane-coupling agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair Jabbar Abdul Ameer ◽  
Nabeel Hasan Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Immiscible System ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Poor Adhesion

 Mixing two polymers usually results in an immiscible system, characterized by a coarse, easy to alter morphology, and poor adhesion between the phases. These blends have large size domains of dispersed phase and poor adhesion between them. Therefore, miscibility of polymer blend must be improved by using suitable additives such as compatibilizer. In this study 5% of silane 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate is used as compatibilizer to improve the miscibility and compatibility of LDPE/PVA blends. The samples were prepared by using a twin screw extruder. LDPE and PVA have been mixed with different weight proportion. Several tests were carried out to identify the compatibility and miscibility of the blends such as tensile properties, hardness, density, Fourier transforms infrared FTIR, digital microscope, scanning electron microscopy SEM and differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Result show that tensile strength, young modulus, elongation at break, density and hardness is increased with silane addition to the blends. SEM and digital microscope shows an improvement in the miscibility due to the better interaction between the two polymers as silane is added.

scholarly journals From Waste to Reuse: Manufacture of Ecological Composites Based on Biopolyethylene/Wood Powder with PE-g-MA and Macaíba oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano Santana da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
D D Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This work aimed to investigate the biopolyethylene (BioPE)/wood powder (WP) composites compatibilized with polyethylene-grafted maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA), using macaíba oil (OM) as a processing aid. The composites were prepared, initially, in an internal mixer and, later, the crushed flakes were molded by injection. Mechanical properties (impact, tensile, flexural and Shore D hardness), heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening temperature, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), water absorption, torque rheometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The addition of 30% wood powder to the BioPE matrix increased the elastic modulus (tensile and flexural), Shore D hardness and heat deflection temperature (HDT), compared to neat BioPE. These properties were improved when 10% of the PE-g-MA compatibilizer was added, compared to neat BioPE and the non-compatibilized composite. There was a significant reduction in the torque of the composites with the addition of macaíba oil, indicating that it improved the processability. In addition, the incorporation of macaíba oil into the composites helped to reduce water absorption, as well as to increase impact strength. SEM micrographs illustrated a greater degree of interfacial adhesion when PE-g-MA and macaiba oil were added.

Effects of Wood Powder on Mechanical Properties of PP/Wood Powder Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1536-1541
Author(s):  
Cheng Bing Yu ◽  
Yin Yu Rui ◽  
Sai Sai Chen ◽  
Xia Lv ◽  
Xi Lin Lv
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Powder Composites ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Effects of wood powder (WP) on mechanical properties of PP/WP composites were studied, and interfacial compatibility between polypropylene (PP) and WP was investigated with SEM. All PP/WP composites were compounded in a parallel twin-screw extruder. Mechanical properties of composites were characterized by tensile, hardness, and impact testing. The result showed that interfacial compatibility in PP/WP composite was ameliorated efficiently by PP-g-(MAH-St) compatilizer, mechanical properties of PP/WP composites were improved by pre-treating WP with alkali and coupling agent. They were also influenced by WP size and WP amount, which were the best at the size of 60-mesh and the amount of 40 wt%.

Wood, silver-substituted zeolite and triclosan as biodegradation controllers and antibacterial agents for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chana Prapruddivongs ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Twin Screw

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and wood flour/PLA composites were prepared and blended with two antimicrobial agents, triclosan and silver-substituted zeolite (Zeomic), using a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical and thermal properties, antimicrobial activity, and biodegradation performance were investigated. The addition of wood and Zeomic was found to increase the Young’s modulus of the composites, whereas the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength dropped. However, the mechanical properties of PLA and wood/PLA loaded with triclosan did not show any definite trends. Differential scanning calorimetry data indicated that the glass transition temperature value of neat PLA was 63°C, whereas those of wood/PLA composites were lower. When wood and Zeomic were incorporated, PLA exhibited double melting peaks. Triclosan (1.0 and 1.5 wt%) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, as determined by plate count agar technique, whereas Zeomic did not. Biodegradation tests of neat PLA and wood/PLA composites showed that after a 60-day incubation period, the biodegradation rate of wood/PLA was higher than that of PLA. PLA and wood/PLA-containing Zeomic were found to degrade more quickly, suggesting that wood and Zeomic acted as biodegradation promoters. On the other hand, triclosan could be considered a biodegradation retarder since no biodegradation was observed for any triclosan-loaded samples during the initial 20 days of incubation, while neat PLA and wood/PLA composites began to degrade within the first few days.

scholarly journals From Disposal to Technological Potential: Reuse of Polypropylene Waste from Industrial Containers as a Polystyrene Impact Modifier

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5272
Author(s):  
Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽  
Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽  
Eduardo da Silva Barbosa Ferreira ◽  
Wallisson Alves da Silva ◽  
Jessika Andrade dos Santos Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent ◽  
Recycled Material

The practice of recycling over the years has been increasingly encouraged, with the aim being the manufacturing of materials that contribute to sustainable development. In light of this, the present work evaluated the potential of mixtures of polystyrene (PS)/recycled copolymer polypropylene (PPr), using styrene-(ethylene/butylene)-styrene (SEBS) as a compatibilizing agent. Initially, the mixtures were prepared in a co-rotational twin-screw extruder, and, afterwards, the extruded granules were molded by injection. The properties of torque rheometry, impact strength, tensile properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were evaluated. The formulation PS/PPr/SEBS (70/20/10 %wt.) demonstrated an increase in viscosity, corroborating with an increase of 123% and 227% in the elongation at break and impact strength, respectively, compared to neat PS. Though the elastic modulus and tensile strength suffered losses, the reduction was not drastic. Furthermore, the addition of a semi-crystalline recycled material in the amorphous matrix (PS) contributed to an increase in thermomechanical strength, as seen in the HDT. The morphology revealed that SEBS is effective in making PS/PPr mixtures compatible because the dispersed phase is well adhered to the PS matrix and promotes greater morphological stability. Thus, it is possible to add value to discarded material and reduce the costs of the final product, which can reduce pollution.

The Effect of Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) on Crystallization Behavior and Morphology of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)

2019 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Sitthi Duangphet ◽  
Damian Szegda ◽  
Karnik Tarverdi ◽  
Jim Song
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Twin Screw Extrusion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Screw Extrusion ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Matrix Morphology

The effects of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) on crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were studied to provide the useful information to control and improve PHBV processing. PHBV were blended with 15, 30 and 50 wt% PBAT by twin screw extrusion and these were subsequently compared to unblended PHBV. The rate of crystal development determined from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at 120 °C showed that the incorporation of PBAT retarded the crystal growth rate. Moreover, the crystal structure of polymer blends was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the results revealed that PBAT did not affect the crystal structure of PHBV. The responses of the melt-crystallized PHBV to different quantities of PBAT were recorded by polarized optical microscopy (POM). The results demonstrated that the size of spherulite dramatically increased when 15 wt% PBAT was added and the shape of spherulite was imperfect when PBAT reached 30 wt%. The morphologies of PHBV and its blends on the freeze-fractured specimens were exposed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed the phase separation of PHBV/ PBAT blends in any composition. The morphology of 15 and 30 wt% PBAT presented droplet in matrix morphology and changed to co-continuous morphology at 50 wt% PBAT.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CaCO3 FILLER ON THE DEGRADATION OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) FILM CONTAINING PROOXIDANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3B) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Khoi Van Nguyen ◽  
Tung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Duc Trung Nguyen ◽  
Ha Thi Thu Pham
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Morphology Of Films ◽  
Uv Lamp

The aim of this work is investigation of effect of CaCO3 filler on the degradation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) films containing stearate salts as prooxidant additves. The films with thickness of 30 µm were prepared by adding 0.3 % (w/w) prooxidant additives mixture (manganese (II) stearate/feric stearate/cobalt (II) stearate ratio of 18:4:1) and CaCO3 filler from 5 to 20 % (w/w) in HDPE resins using twin screw extruder. The films were carried out accelerated weathering treatment according to ASTM G154 standard (340 nm UV lamp, 8 hours UV, 4 hours condensation at 50 0C) for maximum duration of 96 hours. The mechanical properties, FTIR analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to assess the changes in the structure and surface morphology of films during accelerated weathering. The results showed that the degradation rate of HDPE films decreased by adding CaCO3 filler and versused with CaCO3 filler content. FTIR traces revealed that CaCO3 filler didn’t affect to the mechanism of polyethylene degradation. After 96 hours of aceelerated weathering treatment, the elongation at break of the HDPE film with 5 % CaCO3 almost unchanged while this value of the HDPE films with 10 and 20 % CaCO3 decreased significantly (96 % and 100 %, respectively).

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