The association between depressive symptoms and neurocognitive impairment in people with well-treated HIV in Switzerland

Background: Depression may contribute to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Attributing NCI to depression rather than to HIV is complicated as depression may be both a causal factor and an effect of NCI. This study aimed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and NCI among PWH with well-controlled infection. Methods: The Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study is an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal study of PWH aged ≥45 years old nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study participants underwent neurocognitive assessment and grading of depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Neurocognitive impairment categories were defined using Frascati criteria. Participants with NCI related to neurological or psychiatric confounders other than depression were excluded. The cross-sectional association between the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score and neurocognitive impairment was examined taking Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score as a continuous variable and then as a binary variable using two score thresholds, 16 and 27. Results: Excluding 79 participants with confounding factors, 902 participants were studied: 81% were men; 96% had plasma viral loads <50 copies/ml; 35% had neurocognitive impairment; 28% had Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores ≥16. Higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores were associated with female sex ( p = 0.0003), non-Caucasian origin ( p = 0.011) and current/past intravenous drug use ( p = 0.002). Whilst neurocognitive impairment was associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was a poor predictor of having neurocognitive impairment (area under the ROC curve 0.604). Applying a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold of 16 predicted the presence of neurocognitive impairment with a sensitivity of 38.3% (specificity 77.2%), increasing the threshold to 27 lowered sensitivity to 15.4% (specificity 93.6%). Conclusion: In this large cohort of PWH in Switzerland, we did not observe a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold that was sensitive in predicting neurocognitive impairment. As neurocognitive impairment was however associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the data support the screening for and treatment of depression among PWH diagnosed with neurocognitive impairment.

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Depression as a Comorbid Condition: A Descriptive Comparative Study

Western Journal of Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/0193945920937450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 1097-1103

Author(s):

Judy Frain ◽

Horng-Shiuann Wu ◽

Ling Chen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Depression Score ◽

Comorbid Condition ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Living With Hiv

Studies analyzing depressive symptoms across chronic disease populations are limited. Our descriptive comparison investigation included two studies on life-limiting conditions: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and breast cancer. In both, depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We found a mean depression score of 18.1 (± 11.8) overall ( N = 243). Over half (54%) reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16); 26% reported severe depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24). Disease and years of education were predictors of depressive symptoms. Persons living with breast cancer showed significantly worse depressive symptoms than persons living with HIV (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for disease, fewer years of education predicted worse depressive symptoms (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrated common determinants of depressive symptoms in both disease populations, suggesting that underlying conditions known to be predictors of depression could be assessed to identify those at higher risk for depression.

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Increasing mixed-berry flavonoid intake may reduce depressive symptoms in older adults: Framingham Heart Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.3127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 864-864

Author(s):

Courtney Millar ◽

Alyssa Dufour ◽

Marian Hannan ◽

Shivani Sahni

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Heart Study ◽

Flavonoid Intake ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Dietary Flavonoids

Abstract Depression affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Although epidemiological studies have linked higher dietary flavonoids with depression prevention in older women, it is unknown if increasing dietary flavonoids could effectively reduce depression. Mixed berries (blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry) are a rich source of flavonoids, particularly anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavan-3-ol subclasses. Our aim was to determine the association of mixed-berry flavonoid intake with change in depressive symptoms over ~8 years in older adults from the Framingham Heart Study. This community-based prospective longitudinal study included 1,278 adults with assessments on diet (food frequency questionnaire) and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression, CES-D) at baseline (1998-2001) and follow-up (2005-2008). Absolute change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake (defined as sum of anthocyanin, flavanol, and flavon-3-ols, mg/day) and change in CES-D scores were calculated. Linear regression estimated beta and standard error (SE) for change in CES-D scores per 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoids (obtained from ~3/4 cup of mixed berries), adjusting for baseline age, sex, energy-intake, current smoking, body mass index, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and non-melanoma cancer. Mean age was 59±9 years (range: 33-81), 57% female and mean change in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was 15.0±72.8 mg/day over ~8 years. In adjusted models, each 250 mg/day increase in mixed-berry flavonoid intake was associated with a 1-point reduction in depressive symptoms (beta: -1.06, SE: 0.61, p=0.08) over ~8 years, although this was not statistically significant. These data highlight the need for randomized clinical trials of flavonoid-rich berries to target depressive symptoms in older adults.

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Interns’ depressive symptoms evolution and training aspects: a prospective cohort study

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.64.09.806 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 806-813

Author(s):

Daniela Betinassi Parro-Pires ◽

Luiz Antônio Nogueira-Martins ◽

Vanessa de Albuquerque Citero

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Professional Training ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

First Year ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Occupational Characteristics ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To study depression symptoms’ incidence of medical interns (first year of medical residency) and its correlation with occupational characteristics, satisfaction and stress about their training program. METHODS Prospective Cohort Study conducted at Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. First year residents, N = 166, from a teaching hospital were invited to answer the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an occupational questionnaire in a prospective longitudinal study. BDI score variation was related with socio-demographic aspects and occupational characteristics using linear regression models. RESULTS 111 subjects participated (67%); the BDI-score increased in 8 months (mean = 2.75 ± 3.29 vs. 7.00 ± 5.66; p<0.0001). The depressive symptoms’ incidence was 9.01% (score>15). BDI-score variation had mean = 4.25 ± 4.93, ranging from -8 to 28. Residents not satisfied with professional training acquired (β = 3.44; p = 0.004), with their personal life (β = 2.97; p = 0.001), or who felt stressed in the relationship with senior residents (β = 2.91; p = 0.015) presented 3 more points of BDI-score after 8 months comparing to those without these perceptions; and being unsatisfied with the nursing team increased BDI-score after 8 months in 2 more points (β = 1.95; p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Among the factors that interfere with depression in interns is the occupational characteristics, which might be enhanced by the training facility. Addressing these dissatisfaction and stressful issues should help the university provide better care of interns’ mental health.

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Breastfeeding, Antidepressants, and Depression in the Mercy Pregnancy and Emotional Well-Being Study

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334418758658 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Megan Galbally ◽

Stuart J. Watson ◽

Helen Ball ◽

Andrew James Lewis

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antidepressant Use ◽

Axis I ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Depression is consistently shown to predict lower rates of breastfeeding. In a handful of studies, breastfeeding has predicted lower depression symptoms. However, studies demonstrating the latter are limited in their measurement of both depression and breastfeeding and have not followed participants from pregnancy across the postpartum period. Research Aim: The primary aim of this study was to describe breastfeeding intentions and behaviors for the first 12 months postpartum among nonmedicated depressed, antidepressant-exposed, and control participants. The secondary aim was to examine group differences in the association between depressive symptoms and breastfeeding duration up to 12 months postpartum. Methods: First-trimester women ( N = 212) were recruited into a prospective longitudinal study. Depressive disorders at baseline were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, and depressive symptoms were measured at the first and second trimesters and 6 and 12 months postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Breastfeeding duration, support from family and employers, and perceptions of participants’ experience were measured. Results: Depressed women and antidepressant-exposed women reported a trend toward lower rates of intention, initiation, and duration, but this did not reach statistical significance. There was a statistically significant difference on depressive symptoms for women taking antidepressants during pregnancy, compared with controls, when they continued to breastfeed for 12 months postpartum. Conclusions: This study did not find a strong association between depression or antidepressant use and intention to breastfeed, partner breastfeeding support, or initiation or duration of breastfeeding. However, for women who took antidepressants, there was evidence that breastfeeding for 12 months was associated with lower depressive symptoms.

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Associations of Depressive Symptoms with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality by Race in A Low-Socioeconomic Population: A Report from the Southern Community Cohort Study

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwaa216 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong Cui ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

Mark Steinwandel ◽

Hui Cai ◽

Maureen Sanderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The United States ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Specific Mortality

Abstract Depression is a leading cause of disability in the United States, but its impact on mortality among racially diverse, low-socioeconomic populations is largely unknown. Using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study, 2002-2015, we prospectively evaluated the associations of depressive symptoms with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in 67,781 black (72.3%) and white (27.7%) adults, predominantly with a low-socioeconomic status. Baseline depressive symptoms were assessed using the ten-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. The median follow-up time was 10.0 years. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality in association with depressive symptoms. Mild/moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with increased all-cause (HR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.03-1.22; HR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.06-1.29; HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.03-1.28, respectively) and cardiovascular disease mortality (HR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.05-1.44; HR=1.18, 95%CI: 0.98-1.42; HR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.17-1.75, respectively) in whites but not in blacks (Pinteraction< 0.001, for both). Mild/moderate/severe depressive symptoms were associated with increased external cause mortality in both races (HR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.05-1.46; HR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.06-1.61; HR=1.42, 95%CI: 1.11-1.81, respectively; for all subjects, Pinteraction=0.48). No association was observed for cancer mortality. Our study showed that depression-mortality associations differed by race and cause of death in individuals with a low-socioeconomic status.

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Is bullying in adolescence associated with the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood?: A longitudinal cohort study

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-020-00491-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trine Nøhr Winding ◽

Lisbeth Astrid Skouenborg ◽

Vibeke Lie Mortensen ◽

Johan Hviid Andersen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Exposure Response ◽

Being Bullied

Abstract Background Being bullied in adolescence is linked to mental health problems like anxiety, depressive- and somatic symptoms and can have negative consequences on both an individual and a societal level. However, evidence regarding the long-term mental health consequences of bullying in adolescence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine whether being bullied at age 15 or 18 was associated with experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28, and to examine whether being bullied at both ages 15 and 18 increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28. Methods A prospective cohort study, which applied data from the West Jutland Cohort Study, was conducted. Bullying and depressive symptoms were measured on the basis of self-reported data from surveys in 2004, 2007 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. A total of 1790 participants were included in the study, and analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Results The results showed associations between being bullied at age 15 or 18 and the reporting of depressive symptoms at age 28 when adjusted for potential confounders. An exposure–response relationship was seen in those who were bullied at both ages 15 and 18. This group had the highest risk of developing depressive symptoms at age 28. Conclusions Being bullied in adolescence was associated with developing depressive symptoms in adulthood and there was an exposure–response relationship between being bullied over time and the later reporting of depressive symptoms. The results highlight the need to provide more detailed information to schools and local communities about the negative consequences of bullying. Such increased awareness may help reduce the risk of young people developing depressive symptoms later in life.

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Depressive Symptoms and the Link with Academic Performance among Rural Taiwanese Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2778 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yujuan Gao ◽

Derek Hu ◽

Evan Peng ◽

Cody Abbey ◽

Yue Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Low Income ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Depression Score ◽

School Students ◽

High Prevalence

Previous studies reflect a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among Taiwanese adolescents (ages 13–18), but there is an absence of literature related to the risk of depression of children in Taiwan (ages 6–12), particularly among potentially vulnerable subgroups. To provide insight into the distribution of depressive symptoms among children in rural Taiwan and measure the correlation between academic performance, we conducted a survey of 1655 randomly selected fourth and fifth-grade students at 92 sample schools in four relatively low-income counties or municipalities. Using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) we assessed the prevalence of depressive symptoms in this sample, in addition to collecting other data, such as performance on a standardized math test as well as information on a number of individual and household characteristics. We demonstrate that the share of children with clinically significant symptoms is high: 38% of the students were at risk of general depression (depression score ≥ 16) and 8% of the students were at risk of major depression (depression score > 28). The results of the multivariate regression and heterogeneous analysis suggest that poor academic performance is closely associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Among low-performing students, certain groups were disproportionately affected, including girls and students whose parents have migrated away for work. Results also suggest that, overall, students who had a parent who was an immigrant from another country were at greater risk of depression. These findings highlight the need for greater resource allocation toward mental health services for elementary school students in rural Taiwan, particularly for at-risk groups.

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The Impact of Work Hours on Depressive Symptoms among Koreans Aged 45 and Over

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 853

Author(s):

Juyeong Kim ◽

Eun-Cheol Park

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Services ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Work Hours ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Health Studies ◽

Males And Females ◽

The Impact

Background: Given the documented importance of employment for middle-aged and older adults’ mental health, studies of the association between their number of work hours and depressive symptoms are needed. Objectives: To examine the association between the number of work hours and depressive symptoms in Korean aged 45 and over. Methods: We used data from the first wave to fourth wave of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging. Using the first wave at baseline, data included 9845 individuals. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. We performed a longitudinal analysis to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms by work hours. Results: Both unemployed males and females aged 45–65 years were associated with higher depressive symptoms (β = 0.59, p < 0.001; β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Females working ≥ 69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms compared to those working 41–68 h (β = 0.25, p = 0.013). Among those both middle-aged and older adults, both males and females unemployed were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Those middle-aged female working ≥69 h were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Conclusions: An increase in depressive symptoms was associated with unemployed males and females working ≥69 h compared to those working 41–68 h. Although this association was found among middle-aged individuals, a decrease in depressive symptoms in both sexes was associated with working 1–40 h. Depressive symptoms should decrease by implementing employment policies and social services to encourage employers to support middle-aged and older adults in the workforce considering their sex and age differences.

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Bidirectional Association Between Knee Osteoarthritis and Depressive Symptoms: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 220-220

Author(s):

Han Lu ◽

Shaomei Shang ◽

Limin Wang ◽

Hongbo Chen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Bidirectional Association ◽

Bidirectional Relationship

Abstract Both knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and depressive symptoms are common health issues affecting the quality of life of old adults. Although it is presumed that KOA has a bidirectional relationship with the depressive symptoms, no cohort study has proven it. This is the first study to determine the strength of association for the bidirectional relationship between KOA and depressive symptoms. Data were gathered from the nationally survey of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011-2015. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of 10 or higher. The adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to estimate hazards ratios (HRs). Controlled covariates include gender, age, education, marital status, residence, number of chronic diseases, and disability. The analysis of KOA predicting the depressive symptoms onset consisted of 4,377 participants free from depressive symptoms at baseline. During 4 years follow-up, diagnosed KOA participants were more likely to have depressive symptoms than their peers without KOA (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23-1.83). The parallel analysis of depressive symptoms predicting KOA onset included 6,848 participants without KOA at baseline, those with depressive symptoms had a higher relative risk of developing KOA (HR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.41-1.92). Our results provide compelling evidence that the KOA-depressive symptoms association is bidirectional, highlighting the importance of evaluating the relationship between physical and mental health among older people. Particularly, taking this association into consideration in the risk assessment and primary prevention of KOA and depression symptoms.

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Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in early adolescence: data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-03026-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Beatriz Bozzini ◽

Jessica Mayumi Maruyama ◽

Tiago N. Munhoz ◽

Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽

Fernando C. Barros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Maternal Depression ◽

Risk Behavior ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background This longitudinal study explored the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in adolescence contributing to an extremely scarce literature about the impacts of maternal depression trajectories on offspring risk behaviors. Methods We included 3437 11-year-old adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were constructed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) from age 3 months to 11 years. We identified five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: “low” “moderate low”, “increasing”, “decreasing”, and “chronic high”. The following adolescent outcomes were identified via self-report questionnaire and analyzed as binary outcome –yes/no: involvement in fights and alcohol use at age 11. We used logistic regression models to examine the effects of trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms on offspring’s risk behavior adjusting for potential confounding variable. Results Alcohol use and/or abuse as well as involvement in fights during adolescence, were not significantly associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms neither in the crude nor in the adjusted analyses. Conclusion Alcohol use and involvement in fights at age 11 were not associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depression.

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