A toxicological assessment of Athrixia phylicoides aqueous extract following sub-chronic ingestion in a rat model

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Chellan ◽  
D De Beer ◽  
C Muller ◽  
E Joubert ◽  
J Louw
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Urine Production ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Athrixia Phylicoides

Athrixia phylicoides is an aromatic, indigenous shrub used to brew “bush tea.” Surveys have shown that the consumption of bush tea is widespread and commercialization of the extract holds economic and developmental potential. Aqueous extracts of A. phylicoides are non-toxic to brine shrimp and renal cell lines; however, verification in a mammalian model is needed. In this study, daily ingestion of high doses of aqueous A. phylicoides extract by mature Wistar rats was tested for potential toxicity over a 3-month period. Three-month-old Wistar rats were randomized into a control group (receiving no extract) and three experimental groups receiving 30, 90, or 180 mg dried aqueous A. phylicoides extract/kg body mass/day. After 90 days of daily extract ingestion, blood and tissue were harvested. There was no morbidity or mortality during the study. Food and water intake, as well as body mass and stool production, were unaffected by the consumption of the extract. Urine production was increased in the 90 and 180 mg/kg groups suggesting that A. phylicoides is mildly diuretic. Serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, and urea levels were normal for all groups. Histopathology showed no signs of any extract induced toxicity in the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and other tissues studied.

scholarly journals The Green Bitter Weed (Hymenoxys odorato) Plant Extract Is Toxic to the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Juma Ochieng ◽  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Musa Ajibola Iyiola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses

Background: Medicinal plants are of great importance to health of individual and communities. About 80% of the population in Uganda relies on traditional medicine because western-trained medical personnel are limited especially in villages. Most Ugandans use Hymenoxys odorato for medicinal purposes e.g. to treat colds, fever, coughs, anti-helminthes, locally used as tea, anti-allergy and also as an anti-venom to relieve snake bites. Method: A group of 25 male wistar rats of 150 g–210 g were kept for 14 days while being fed and treated with the extract. At 14th day, anesthesia was given and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical investigations. Serum was analyzed for Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase while whole blood was used for complete blood count. The liver and kidney were removed and placed in 10% formalin to prepare for histology staining using haematoxylin and eosin technique. Results: The extract elevated hepatic biomarker enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST. The increase was found to be significantly different (P > 0.05) at 400 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to the control group. Histological sections of the liver showed distortion of liver cytoarchitecture, steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and congestion of the sinusoids at high doses 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In the sections of the kidney, there was mild distortion of the integrity of the kidney with glomerular hypercellularity at high doses (400 and 500 mg/kg per body weight). Conclusion: Hymenoxys odorato aqueous extract has toxic effects on the liver and kidney of wistar rats. The effects were observed to be in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Correlation of Vitamin D and Body Mass Index in Term Normotensive and Pre -Eclamptic Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Taru Gupta ◽  
Nupur Gupta ◽  
Leena Wadhwa ◽  
Sarika Arora ◽  
Jyoti Bagla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is associated with alteration in the vitamin D levels and has been related to vitamin D status. Lower vitamin D levels in higher BMI individuals may be secondary to an alteration in tissue distribution resulting from an increase in adipose mass. Therefore women with higher BMI need higher vitamin D supplementation as compared to women with BMI within normal range.  MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a case control study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC-PGIMSR, New Delhi from August 2012-April 2014. A total of 100 patients were divided into two equal groups (control and study groups of 50 each). Control group had women with singleton uncomplicated term normotensive pregnant women in labour while the study group comprised of term preeclamptic women in labour.In all the patients their BMI was analysed .Blood samples for vitamin D, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, serum parathormone, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were drawn and subsequently their levels were evaluated in cord blood; correlation studied between vitamin D & BMI. RESULTS: The mean BMI was relatively higher in the study group (26.34 ± 4.12)kg/m2 than in the control group ( 24.24 ± 3.13)kg/m2. Thus in our study a prevalence of higher BMI was seen in patients of preeclampsia. When all the 100 women are being considered, median vitamin D levels were found to be higher (6.6ng/ml) in normal BMI patients (n=55) as compared to levels (5.6ng/ml) in patients with higher BMI(n=45).  CONCLUSION: Vitamin D levels are related to maternal body mass index. Individuals with higher percentage body fat may require higher vitamin D intake to attain optimal 25(OH) D levels, compared with lean individuals and thereby may prevent pregnancy complications like Pre eclampsia.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Toxicological Study of the Aqueous Extract of the Stem Bark of Khaya Grandifoliola (Meliaceae) in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Désirée Sandrine Essama Mbida ◽  
Gustave Lebeau Ndji Otto ◽  
George Enow-Orock Enonchong ◽  
Perfusion Amang ◽  
Paul Vernyuy Tan
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Toxicological Study ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

This study was carried out to investigate the possible toxic effects of the water extract from Khaya grandifoliola stem bark in Wistar rats. The acute assay used 9 females distributed into 3 groups of 3 rats each. A control group received distilled water and the two test groups received by oral gavage a unique dose of the extract at 2000 mg/kg. In subacute assay, 60 rats both sexes were distributed into 6 groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) and received the extract by oral gavage for 28 days consecutively. The tests groups received extract at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The controls and satellite test groups received respectively distilled water and extract at the dose of 1000 mg/kg. Some anthropometrical, hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and histological sections of some organs were realized. LD50 was superior at 2000 mg/kg in acute assay. In subacute toxicity assay, Khaya grandifoliola stimulated the haematopoetic and immune function, showed a significant decrease of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and hypocholesterolaemic effects. Histopathology showed the presence of disturbances at the dose of 1000 mg/kg especially. K. grandifoliola stem bark could possess moderate toxicity at high doses and adequate caution should be exercised in its use in ethnomedicine.

scholarly journals Effects of Moringa oleifera on the developing cerebrum of young wistar rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Z Abijo ◽  
O O Adeeyo ◽  
O A Komolafe ◽  
O S Saka ◽  
V K Abodunrin
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

The study evaluated the effects of moringa oleifeira on the histoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex, the body weight and brain weight of young wistar rats. Fifteen (15) young wistar rats of both sexes weighing 20-30g were used for this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups (A, B and C) of five rats each. Group A served as control and received distilled water, group B and C received 100 mg/kg and 200mg/kg of moringa oleifera respectively. Treatment lasted for a period of 6 weeks (orally). Rats were weighed and sacrificed under ketamine (30 mg/kg) anaesthesia. The cerebrum was harvested and fixed immediately in 10% formolcalcium, for further histological processing. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze data, followed by Newan-Keuls (SNK) for multiple comparisons. The results showed that there was significant increase in the feed intake of animals in groups B and C starting from the 4th week of administration. There was no significant difference in the relative brain weight and the mean weight of the rats in group B and C when compared with group A. Histological findings revealed that there was slight distortion in group B and more distortion in group C when compared with the normal histoarchitecture in control group A. The results obtained from this study showed that high doses of Moringa oleifera caused damage of some parts of histoarchitecture of the frontal cortex of developing wistarKey words: MORINGA OLEIFERA; Cerebrum; Frontal Cortex

scholarly journals Changes of Some Biochemical Parameters in Rats Supplemented with High Doses of Zinc Lactate

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
V. Sloup ◽  
I. Jankovská ◽  
I. Langrová ◽  
M. Štolcová ◽  
S. Sloup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
High Doses

Abstract The experiment was conducted on 18 Wistar rats during a six-week period; 12 animals were given zinc lactate (120 mg/rat and week) in feed mixture and 6 control animals were fed a standard mixture for rats (ST-1). Sixteen biochemical parameters were measured from blood (serum) samples: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), urea (UREA), glucose (GLU), triacylglycerols (TAG), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol (CHOL), creatinine (CREAT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), uric acid (UA), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and trace elements such as Fe and Zn. When compared to the control group, we found that rats fed zinc lactate had higher concentrations of GLU, UA, UREA, Fe, Mg, Ca, TAG, TP, ALB, and ALP in the blood serum. Contrarily, the concentrations of AST, NEFA, CHOL, CREAT, P, and Zn were higher in the blood serum of control rats. Statistically significant differences between rats fed Zn and the control were found only in the concentrations of GLU, AST, ALP, UA, and P.

scholarly journals A radiação X não afeta a polpa dentária: um estudo morfológico em ratos

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Rafaela Argento ◽  
Isadora Luana Flores ◽  
Grazielle Oliveira Stelter ◽  
Thiago Oliveira Gamba ◽  
Solange Maria de Almeida Boscolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Head And Neck Radiotherapy

Introduction: Radiotherapy is one of the methods used as a treatment for ma-lignant tumors in the head and neck region and it can cause tissue damage in the irradiated areas. In head and neck radiotherapy, teeth are often included within the irradiation area and, consequently, the dental pulp; which receives high doses of radiation. Objective: To evaluate the effects of ionizing radiation on the pulp tissue of rat teeth. Methodology: A double-blind experimental as-say with 35 Albinus Wistar rats divided into seven groups was performed; one control group, three groups irradiated with 15 Gy, and three groups irradiated with 25 Gy. The irradiated groups were submitted to a single dose of radiation and sacrificed 24 hours, 7 days, and 22 days after irradiation, respectively. The samples were evaluated for the morphological presence of inflammatory infil-trate, edema, necrosis, fibrosis, and degeneration of blood vessels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests with p

scholarly journals Chenopodium ambrosioides associated with whole body vibration exercises alters the feed intake in Wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Bandeira Dionizio Cardoso ◽  
Éric Heleno Freire Ferreira Frederico ◽  
Carlos Alberto Sampaio Guimarães ◽  
Lívia Pinto Almeida ◽  
Rosane de Figueiredo Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Body Vibration

The consequences of treatment involving the use of a natural product and whole body vibration (WBV) exercise have been investigated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the joint treatment with an aqueous extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides and WBV on physiological parameters in rats. Wistar rats (n=20) were divided equally into four groups: control group (CG), treated with C. ambrosioides (CHE) group, exposed to 50 Hz of mechanial vibration (VBR), and treated with C. ambrosioides and exposed to 50 Hz of mechanical vibration (VBR + CHE) daily for 6 weeks. The body mass of the animals was determined weekly, the feed intake and the stool consistency were measured daily. One day after the 6 weeks of treatment, samples of blood were collected and used for biochemical analysis. Along 6 weeks, there was an increase (P<0.001) in the feed intake in VBR group and a decrease in the CHE group in comparison with other groups. The levels of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in VBR + CHE group decreased (P<0.05) in comparison with other groups. No differences were found in body mass and stool consistency. WBV altered the feed intake without directly affecting the body mass. Moreover, WBV in association with C. ambrosioides caused alteration in the enzymatic activity of AST.

scholarly journals Ketoconazole- and fluconazole-induced embryotoxicity and skeletal anomalies in wistar rats: a comparative study

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cristiane de Santana Amaral ◽  
Guilhermino Pereira Nunes Junior
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Azole Antifungals ◽  
Skeletal Anomalies ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects

Ketoconazole and fluconazole are two broad-spectrum azole antifungals used for the treatment of superficial and systemic mycoses. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity have been reported in some studies when those drugs are administered at high doses to pregnant rats. The aim of this study was to present a comparative study of embryotoxic effects as well as the skeletal anomalies in fetuses of Wistar rats which received ketoconazole and fluconazole at teratogenic doses on gestational days (GD) 6 through 15 (organogenesis period). On gestational day (GD) 21, the dams were euthanized and examined for standard parameters of reproductive outcome. Fetuses were stained with alizarin red and the bones of the head, trunk, forelimb and hindlimb were examined for detection of skeletal anomalies. The frequency of skeletal anomalies in the ketoconazole-treated group was significant when compared to the fluconazole and the control group.

scholarly journals Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Using Albizia lebbeck Extract Induced Biochemical and Morphological Alterations in Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3864
Author(s):  
Doga Kavaz ◽  
Amina Lawan Abubakar ◽  
Nahit Rizaner ◽  
Huzaifa Umar
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Tissue Morphology

Nano-based particles synthesized via green routes have a particular structure that is useful in biomedical applications as they provide cheap, eco-friendly, and non-toxic nanoparticles. In the present study, we reported the effect of various concentrations of Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using A. lebbeck stem bark extract (ZnO NPsAL) as stabilizing agent on rat biochemical profiles and tissue morphology. Adult Wistar rats weighing 170 ± 5 g were randomly classified into eight groups of five rats each; Group A served as a control fed with normal diet and water. Groups B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, and E were treated with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg of the 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 M biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL and zinc nitrate daily by the gavage method, respectively. The rats were anesthetized 24 h after the last treatment, blood samples, kidney, heart, and liver tissues were collected for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The rats mean body weight, serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly altered with an increased concentration of biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL when compared with the control group (p < 0.05; n ≥ 5). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of treated rats’ kidney, heart, and liver tissue revealed vascular congestion, tubular necrosis, inflammation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Biosynthesized ZnO NPsAL showed significant alteration in biochemical parameters and tissue morphology in rats with increasing concentrations of the nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre and Post Infection Administration of Zinc and Selenium on some Biochemical indices in Wistar Rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Timothy Tese ◽  
Kola Matthew Anigo ◽  
Alice Onyeche Jonah ◽  
Meshack Anthony Kugama ◽  
Tinok Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Group Iii

Aims: The effect of pre and post-infection administration of zinc and selenium on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in wistar rats on some biochemical parameters were investigated. Study Design:  The study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre and post infection administration of zinc and selenium on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in wistar rats. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research (NITR), Kaduna and Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, between January 2014 to March 2014. Methodology: Fifty four (54) wistar rats were divided into nine groups of six (6) rats each. Groups III-IX were infected intraperitoneally with 1x103parasite load. Animals in group III were                       infected but untreated while the infected/treated groups received prophylactic (IV, V and VI) and therapeutic (VII, VIII and IX) treatment with zinc and selenium 50mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight respectively. Results: Results obtained showed that serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities in the infected-untreated control group were significantly different (P<0.05) and higher as compared to infected treated and normal control. Similarly, the two minerals significantly decreased (P<0.05) the levels of Urea and Creatinine in the infected treated when compared to the infected untreated rats, with the exception of creatinine value of the post-infected treated with selenium where there was no significant (P>0.05) decrease. On the other hand, a significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of total Protein, albumin and total bilirubin and no significant (P>0.05) difference in direct bilirubin was recorded in infected treated group compared to infected untreated and normal control. Conclusion: It was concluded that administration of zinc and selenium ameliorate the infection-induced biochemical changes in tissues and organs associated with Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats.

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