scholarly journals Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Links Between Close Relationships and Physical Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison K. Farrell ◽  
Sarah C. E. Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

Although researchers have made great strides in identifying links between close relationship processes and physical health, we know less about the psychological and behavioral mechanisms underlying these links. As we move toward considering relationships as a public health issue, understanding mechanistic pathways in relationships–health links is crucial for designing efficient and effective interventions. In this review, we outline criteria for establishing a construct as a relationships–health mechanism. We then discuss how best to test potential mechanisms of relationships–health links and identify some promising mechanism candidates on the basis of initial evidence (emotion, attachment, sleep, and substance abuse). We conclude by recommending key directions for future research.

scholarly journals Associations between self-rated physical Health and relationship satisfaction in couples with children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292095952
Author(s):  
Katherine JW Baucom ◽  
Jill Giresi ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Amy M Smith Slep
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
General Health ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Individual Self

The degree to which individual self-rated physical health and concordance of self-rated physical health between partners are associated with relationship satisfaction was examined in a community sample of 399 couples with children. Couples completed self-report assessments of physical health (general health and physical functioning) and relationship satisfaction. Results suggest unique associations between partners’ general health and their own relationship satisfaction. Further, higher between-partner concordance in physical functioning was uniquely associated with higher relationship satisfaction in women. Understanding associations between health and relationship processes is crucial and has implications for future research on couple-based interventions to promote physical health.

scholarly journals School violence: Evidence from the economics literature and related disciplines

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Djily Diagne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
School Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economics Literature ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

School violence has become a serious public health issue during the last two decades. Consequently, researchers and policy makers have made substantial efforts to understand its causes and consequences and to identify effective methods to reduce its occurrence. While psychologists and other education researchers have long been active in school violence research, the topic has really been explored by economists only in recent years. This paper presents some evidence on this issue drawn from the growing economics literature and related disciplines. It shows that the phenomenon has an adverse effect on the level of educational attainment and labour market outcomes. Hence, reducing violence at schools not only eases life for many students who suffer because of it, but should also lead to more investment in human capital. Finally, some suggestions for future research are provided.

Sleep and Arousal as Risk Factors for Adverse Health and Work Performance in Public Health Workers Involved in the 2004 Florida Hurricane Season

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi B.A. McKibben ◽  
Carol S. Fullerton ◽  
Robert J. Ursano ◽  
Dori B. Reissman ◽  
Kathleen Kowalski-Trakofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Public Health Workers

ABSTRACTBackground: We examined the relation of sleep disturbance and arousal to work performance, mental and physical health, and day-to-day functioning in Florida Department of Health (FDOH) employees 9 months after the 2004 Florida hurricane season.Methods: FDOH employees were contacted via e-mail 9 months after the 2004 hurricanes. Participants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires including measures of sleep disturbance, arousal, work performance, physical health, mental health, day-to-day function, hurricane injury, and work demand.Results: More than 18% of FDOH employees reported ≥25% reduced work performance and 11% to 15.3% reported ≥7 “bad” mental or physical health days in the past month. Sleep disturbance and elevated arousal were strongly associated with impaired work performance (odds ratios [ORs] 3.33 and 3.34, respectively), “bad” mental health (ORs 3.01 and 3.64), “bad” physical health (ORs 3.21 and 2.01), and limited day-to-day function (ORs 4.71 and 2.32), even after adjusting for sex, race, age, education, and marital status.Conclusions: Among public health workers exposed to the 2004 hurricanes, sleep disturbance and arousal were associated with personal and work impairment. Future research should continue to examine the effect of repeated exposure to disasters in first responders.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S55-S62)

scholarly journals Mapping Trends in Drowning Research: A Bibliometric Analysis 1995–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4234
Author(s):  
Justin-Paul Scarr ◽  
Jagnoor Jagnoor
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Drowning Prevention ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

Drowning is public health issue requiring global, national and community responses. The multisectoral nature of drowning prevention reinforces the need for multidisciplinary research, which can play a key role in identifying patterns, factors and interventions and contributes to evidence-informed prevention. This study presents a biometric analysis of drowning research published in 1995–2020 and identifies temporal trends in research themes, journals, countries and authorship to assist in the planning of future research. This study identified 935 studies, representing authors from 80 countries. Publications grew 103-fold, and 41.2% (n = 385) were published since 2014. The top 20 journals are all injury prevention, public health, or medical journals. The top 5 accounted for 24.5% (n = 229) of total publications (TP). Research from the United States (TP = 313, 25.0%) and Australia (TP = 192, 15.3%) dominates the field. Growth is highest in low–middle-income countries (LMICs) including China (TP = 54, 4.3%, 32-fold), India (TP = 30, 2.4%, 17-fold) and Bangladesh (TP = 47, 3.7%, 7-fold). The study identifies significant growth in epidemiologic studies reporting burden and risk factors. Research in LMICs is increasing but lags relative to the burden. The role of multilateral and nongovernment organisations in evidence generation is evident and needs investigation, as do gaps in evidence for interventions and partnerships to progress the drowning prevention field.

scholarly journals A Social Psychological Perspective on the Links Between Close Relationships and Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Slatcher ◽  
Emre Selcuk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Adult Attachment Style ◽  
Basic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Marriage And Health

The association between the quality of people’s close relationships and their physical health is well established. But from a psychological perspective, how do close relationships impact physical health? This article summarizes recent work seeking to identify the relationship processes and psychological mediators and moderators of the links between close relationships and health, with an emphasis on studies of married and cohabitating couples. We begin with a brief review of a recent meta-analysis of the links between marital quality and health. We then describe our strength and strain model of marriage and health, homing in on one process—partner responsiveness—and one moderator—adult attachment style—to illustrate ways in which basic relationship science can inform our understanding of how relationships impact physical health. We conclude with a brief discussion of promising directions in the study of close relationships and health.

Interpersonal Gun Violence Research in the Social Work Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-231
Author(s):  
Roberto R Aspholm ◽  
Christopher St Vil ◽  
Kimberly A E Carter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Analytic Treatment ◽  
The Social

Abstract Interpersonal gun violence remains a major public health issue in the United States and beyond. This article explores the research on interpersonal gun violence published in peer-reviewed social work journals since the mid-1990s. Findings from this review indicate that the existing scholarship offers some important insights into this topic, particularly related to risk factors for and the effects of exposure to gun violence. These findings, however, also point to some shortcomings in the literature, including problems with the measurement and analytic treatment of exposure to gun violence and a lack of research with direct victims and perpetrators of gun violence. Implications for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 749-750
Author(s):  
Scott Eggener
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Significant Public Health

Prostate cancer continues to be a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in countries where men have life expectancies long enough to clinically manifest the disease. In many countries, it remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality.Although significant progress has been made over the past few decades, many elements regarding the diagnosis and management of patients with prostate cancer remain enigmatic. In this Prostate Cancer special issue, our expert authors present and examine clinically relevant topics and look ahead to future research.

scholarly journals Physician Impairment: Is Recovery Feasible?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3;12 (3;5) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Paul J. Christo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Physician Impairment

Background: Physician impairment is a serious public health issue affecting not only physicians, but also their families, colleagues, and patients. Physician impairment is used most often to refer to substance use disorders, which involve both substance abuse and substance dependence and/or addiction. Objective: This article aims to describe the problem of physician impairment within the context of substance use disorders. The concept of recovery and several strategies for effective recovery are explored. Discussion: Experts now define impairment as an enduring condition that if left untreated is not amenable to remission and cure. In terms of functional capacity, impairment renders the physician unable to provide competent medical services, with serious flaws in professional judgment. Herein, we define the scope of the problem, consider several theories to explain the reason physicians may be prone to develop substance use disorders, discuss diagnosis and reporting, as well as treatment and prognosis, and identify several relapse prevention strategies. Conclusion: Physician impairment is a real and significant public health concern; however, recovery is feasible and the data support favorable odds of recovery and a return to clinical practice among those seeking appropriate treatment, counseling, and relapse prevention strategies. Key words: Physician impairment, substance use disorder, prevention, relapse, recovery, dependence, substance abuse, Physician Health Programs (PHPs).

scholarly journals Chronic loneliness: neurocognitive mechanisms and interventions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitjan Morr ◽  
Xiqin Liu ◽  
Rene Hurlemann ◽  
Benjamin Becker ◽  
Dirk Scheele
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Critical Public Health ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Loneliness has been associated with detrimental effects on mental and physical health and is increasingly recognized as a critical public health issue which may be further exacerbated by societal challenges such as increasing urbanization, an aging society as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. We here review recent findings on the neurocognitive mechanisms and brain alterations that underpin social disconnectedness, therapeutic approaches for chronic loneliness and how these lines of research can be integrated to improve the efficacy of loneliness interventions in healthy individuals and patients with mental disorders.

scholarly journals The Case for Studying Implicit Social Cognition in Close Relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. s98-s114
Author(s):  
Ruddy Faure ◽  
James K. McNulty ◽  
Lindsey L. Hicks ◽  
Francesca Righetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Social Cognition ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Automatic Attitudes ◽  
Over Time

This review offers close relationships as a fruitful avenue to address long-lasting questions and current controversies in implicit social cognition research. Close relationships provide a unique opportunity to study strong attitudes that are formed and updated through ongoing contact with significant others and appear to have important downstream consequences. Therefore, close relationship contexts enable researchers to apply fine-grained, dyadic, longitudinal methodologies to provide unique insights regarding whether and how automatic attitudes relate to personal experience, change meaningfully and reliably over time, and predict consequential judgments and behaviors. Further, given that close relationships are critical to people's well-being and health, applying implicit social cognition theories to close relationships may also offer practical benefits regarding real-world issues related to relationship decay. In this regard, we provide guidance for future research by highlighting how continuing to refine our understanding of implicit social cognition in close relationships can inform interventions and reliably benefit society

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