scholarly journals Moonstruck: Viewing the Moon in the Ottoman World of the Seventeenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Fırat Yaşa
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon

Time is the only phenomenon that encompasses the past, present, and future, giving vitality to all living beings. Throughout history, people have tried to understand this phenomenon by determining its cycles and dividing them into segments. In pre-modern societies, the powerlessness of people against nature made them view time and space as closely connected (time-space continuum). In traditional Ottoman society, it was thus difficult to measure time. People made calculations using lunar movements. Court astrologers observed the moon and stars, advising sultans when to hold imperial accession ceremonies, celebrate princely births and weddings, or launch ships. In larger towns, at least the prayer times could be determined with assurance: However, villagers were mostly aware only of the day, month, season, and year. Hence, the understanding of time was quite different on the higher and lower rungs of the social ladder. In this paper, I attempt to answer the following questions: To what extent is it possible to measure time by studying the phases of the moon? What were the meanings that the Ottoman ruling class attached to the moon? For what reasons did ordinary people try to document in the qadi court at what time they saw the new moon, finding witnesses and having the court scribes record their testimonies? My sources are the qadi court records of Anatolian and Crimean cities, with additional information from travelogues and chronicles.

scholarly journals “Cognitive Linguistics: Looking back, looking forward”

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Divjak ◽  
Natalia Levshina ◽  
Jane Klavan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Data ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Looking Back ◽  
West European

AbstractSince its conception, Cognitive Linguistics as a theory of language has been enjoying ever increasing success worldwide. With quantitative growth has come qualitative diversification, and within a now heterogeneous field, different – and at times opposing – views on theoretical and methodological matters have emerged. The historical “prototype” of Cognitive Linguistics may be described as predominantly of mentalist persuasion, based on introspection, specialized in analysing language from a synchronic point of view, focused on West-European data (English in particular), and showing limited interest in the social and multimodal aspects of communication. Over the past years, many promising extensions from this prototype have emerged. The contributions selected for the Special Issue take stock of these extensions along the cognitive, social and methodological axes that expand the cognitive linguistic object of inquiry across time, space and modality.

Futures Honed

Futures ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
Barbara Adam
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Writing Theory ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
The Way

This chapter comprises an interview between Barbara Adam and the editors, and is followed by Adam’s ‘Honing Futures’, which is presented in four short verses of distilled theory. In the interview Adam reflects on thirty-five years of futures-thinking rooted in her deeply original work on time and temporality, and her innovative response to qualitative and linear definitions of time within the social sciences. The interview continues with a discussion of the way Adam’s thinking on futures intersects in her work with ideas of ethics and collective responsibility politics and concludes with a brief rationale for writing theory in verse form. In ‘Honing Futures’, a piece of futures theory verse form, Adam charts the movements and moments in considerations of the Not Yet and futurity’s active creation: from pluralized imaginings of the future, to an increasingly tangible and narrower anticipated future, to future-making as designing and reality-creating performance. Collectively, the verses identify the varied complex interdependencies of time, space, and matter with the past and future in all iterations of honing and making futures.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism and trade unions in Britain

Tempo Social ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Steve Cushion
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parliamentary Politics

For the past 30 years, Britain’s ruling class has been deeply split over membership of the European Union. This came to a head over the referendum on so-called “Brexit”. The Conservative Party (Tories) was split into “Remain” and “Leave” wings, both neoliberal, but with a different interpretation of the best way to make profits for the section of British capitalism each represents. Meanwhile the Labour Party is divided between the pro-business, neoliberal wing and the social democratic, reformist wing. The trade unions, with one or two notable exceptions, have conducted their activities within the parameters of parliamentary politics and desperately hoped for a Labour victory. The recent general election gave complete victory to the “Leave” Tories, which is potentially disastrous for the trade unions and their members.

scholarly journals PEMAHAMAN HADIS RU’YATAL-HILAL MENURUT ULAMA SYATARIAH ULAKAN PADANG PARIAMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Nandi Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
New Moon

The Problem of hisab and ru’yat on its development are not regardless of development Islamic thingking history who much be embellishment of ideology, mazhab or firqah, who present differentiation on opinion who related Islamic law framework especially in Indonesia. The result of understanding different about argumentation normative hisab-ru’yat were think out a differntiation and understanding on the Islamic member of a religious community. This thesis is field research, who has special understanding on construe of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal of Tarekat Syatariah. Interpretation this Hadith of Tarekat Syatariah have different understanding to understand the context of Hadis. Now focus of this research is to know understanding and implementation of Hadith ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scholar Ulakan Padang Pariaman. The result of this research are, First, understanding of hadis ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scolar Ulakan Padang Pariaman is both collaboration of that hadis, because of the first hadis be explanation of the second hadis that are when the moon can’t be seen with the naked eyes because closed of fog or cloud, than word of presuppositioning (faqdurulah) on the first hadis be exclamation of passages of Koran by supplying additional information by Syatariah scholar be completed Sya’ban moon to be 30 days. Second, understanding implementation of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal is with together see new moon (al-hilal) at place who be certained of scolar (Tuangku) from the last time , they are Ulakan beach Padang Pariaman and Koto Tuo Agam. They are see new moon naked eye, although use the modern tools to see it the last judgmen according to them how to see it with naked eye, if it can’t be seen so, the new moon was not visible, although with modern tools to see it, and that not have influenced on determination al-hilal was seem or not. Their jedgment is still on argument if the new moon can’t see with naked eyes, so, al-hilal be evidented not visible and Sya’ban moon be completed to 30 days.

Moonlight and the biting activity of Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc and C. (M.) taeniopus D. & K. (Diptera, Culicidae) in Trinidad forests

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractThe biting activity of Culex (Melanoconion) portesi Senevet & Abonnenc and C. (M.) taeniopus D. & K. in a secondary seasonal marsh forest in Trinidad was studied by means of catches by six mouse-baited suction traps, and a single light-trap. The traps were cleared at hourly intervals between 17.00 h and 07.00 h on nights which approximated to the new, first quarter, full and last quarter phases of the moon. The catches were compared with illumination at canopy and ground level which was estimated by selenium photocells whose output was recorded on the continuous chart of a servo-potentiometer. Humidity, rainfall, temperature and cloud cover were also recorded. In the suction traps both species showed peaks of activity at evening and dawn twilight at new moon, although the dawn peak was not very pronounced with C. taeniopus, but this pattern was modified on other nights in a manner which was consistent with moon age. At full moon the evening and dawn peaks were replaced by increased activity during moonrise and the middle of the night. The light-traps failed to show the evening and dawn activity and did not always duplicate the baited traps during darkness. Two hypotheses based on either a permissive range of illumination or an underlying circadian rhythm are discussed; neither fully explains the observed biting activity. Although an association between moonlight and biting activity does exist, an understanding of its nature will require more experimental data.

The biting habits of Culicoides furens (Poey) and C. barbosai Wirth & Blanton. III. Seasonal cycle, with a note on the relative importance of ten factors that might influence the biting rate

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon ◽  
Cycle Temperature

The biting rates of Culicoides furens (Poey) and C. barbosai Wirth & Blanton on Florida Beach, Jamaica, were observed in 50 trials conducted 40–115 min after dawn from 5 February 1960 to 10 February 1961. The data were logarithmically transformed and non-zero biting rates standardised. Biting rates of both species varied markedly from week to week but monthly mean rates were significantly higher and lower for C. furens in September (111·4) and March (13·7), respectively. Monthly mean rates for C. barbosai fell into three groups, (i) March-June (15·3); (ii) November–December (9·1); (iii) January–February and July–October (3·1). These changes were negatively correlated with mean sea level. Biting rates of C. barbosai were highest at new moon (10·3) and lower but similar (4·3–5·2) for the other three phases of the moon. Those of C. furens were maximal at new moon (62·8), minimal at full moon (20·4) and intermediate (35·9, 39·5) at the quarters. The lunar effect is assumed to act through the tides. There were no significant differences between the standardised biting rates at different times after dawn. In a comparison of the quantitative effects of ten factors on the biting rates of C. furens, C. barbosai and Leptoconops becquaerti (Kieff.), most important were month of year and wind speed; of less importance were lunar cycle, temperature, collector and limb exposed; while site position, intensity of illumination, time after dawn, saturation deficit were of minor or no importance. It is concluded that the biting rate of L. becquaerti should be the least affected by changes in these factors, C. barbosai more affected and C. furens most affected.

Hacker's Liberal Democracy and Social Control: A Critique

1957 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1039
Author(s):  
Samuel Dubois Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Close Affinity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Exclusive Or

The essence of Hacker's construction is the theory of the ruling class. Immediately, one thinks of Marx, Mosca, Michels, Pareto, and several Americans who have espoused, in one form or another, oligarchic doctrines. What most sharply distinguishes Hacker from most theorists of this persuasion is the absence of presuppositions of historical inevitability. Seeking only to describe sequences and relations of the past and present, he makes no claims of omniscience, of knowing what the social process must unfold. Neither is his theory normative.Yet, apart from details and variations, there is a crucial framework of meaning which discloses Hacker's close affinity with the essence of conventional oligarchic doctrines: the few rule, the many simply obey; the governors, in substance if not in form, are free from compulsion to answer to the governed. Historically, and indeed currently, Hacker asserts, genuine power has been and is the exclusive or, at least, the primary possession of a privileged few. True, the composition and foundation of the governing class have changed, but this change, he continues, did not bring in its wake a widening or deepening of the structure of power in American culture. It merely means the substitution of one set of masters or controllers for another. After all, a monopoly of power is a monopoly, whether its source be deference or manipulation. Both, he avers, “permit a few men to rule many men.” Neither system of power allows the personnel and the general policies of government to be the product of voluntary and active consent. In both contexts, the ruled, not the rulers, are the object of control. “Both deference and manipulation are similar in that they are control.” Such, then, is Hacker's relation to the essence of oligarchic thought. What can be said of the validity of his formulation?

scholarly journals DISKURSUS KALENDER HIJRIYAH GLOBAL PASCA KONGRES ISTAMBUL TURKI 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihayatur Rohmah
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Past ◽  
Collective Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Important People ◽  
New Moon

;  In May 2016, Muslims from several countries held the International Hijri Calendar Unity Congress in Istanbul Turkey. At the end of the congress, the result of the voting concluded and published the single calendar system (singular calendar) based on the visibility of the new moon. Calendar is an expression of the collective activity of the rhythm and reflects the resilience and the strength of a civilization. So the existence of the calendar is accurate and consistent as an civilization imperative and is a prerequisite for a civilization to exist and thrive. The characteristic of the revival civilization is when the civilization was able to answer the challenges of the past. Civilization is a mechanism in the social organization, so there is no problem that can not be settled or compromised unless the issue by political or economic interests. There is no difference with the other calendar, the Islamic calendar is a reality that issued by a handful of elite (read: the ruling group of important people in the community). A public position in the affinity people are consumers of course-and practice-calendar produced by their elite. The feature of Hijrah calendar in a country is a clear reflection of the particulars of their elites. Hijrah calendar unity is nothing but a fruit of the unity of authority, and the authority here is Ulil Amri.

Reproduction in the Apodid Sea Cucumber Polycheira Rufescens: Semilunar Spawning Rhythm and Sex Change

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Kubota ◽  
Masakazu Tomari
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Synchronous Spawning ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon ◽  
Male To Female

Most fertile individuals of the apodid sea cucumber Polycheira rufescens, living in the intertidal zone near Iso Marine Station in southern Kyushu, Japan, spawned on day one and two before every full and new moon in the period from the second half of July until August or October from 1983 to 1989, the month differing in different years. Synchronous spawning associated with the same phases of the moon was also observed at Sakurajima Marine Station near Iso in 1991. Individuals ready to spawn were divided into four sexual types: two sorts of hermaphroditic males with small or larger growing oocytes and males and females. Further investigation revealed that some individuals changed from male to female or from female back to male in the two week interval between spawnings. Moreover synchronous gametogenesis occurred in association with sex changes throughout the breeding season, the period from initiation of spermatogonia proliferation to spermatozoa release was three weeks, and the period from initiation of oocyte growth to egg shedding was about five weeks.

A Promising Liaison? Social History and Anthropology in South-Eastern Europe. Opportunities and Pitfalls

2008 ◽  
Vol 34-35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Ulf Brunnbauer
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Historical Anthropology ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe

This article argues that historical anthropology provides approaches for the exploration of previously neglected problems of the history of Southeastern Europe. Historical anthropology is not seen as a fixed set of methodologies and theories but rather as a perspective which directs attention to the questions of how societies have worked in the past and “ordinary” people made sense of their lives. Furthermore, historical anthropology tends to be comparative. In the past, Southeastern European historians concentrated on political history and ethnographers on the “traditional” culture of their nation, with little interaction between the two disciplines. After the fall of the communist system in 1989/1991, however, historians and ethnologists borrowed approaches from each other. The potential of historical anthropology is shown in particular with respect to the study of the social fabric of socialism—a topic until now shunned by historians while anthropologists have provided exemplary studies on this issue. The article ends with a discussion of the limits oPf historical anthropology and warns not to leave the state and economic structures out of historical analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document