scholarly journals PEMAHAMAN HADIS RU’YATAL-HILAL MENURUT ULAMA SYATARIAH ULAKAN PADANG PARIAMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Nandi Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
New Moon

The Problem of hisab and ru’yat on its development are not regardless of development Islamic thingking history who much be embellishment of ideology, mazhab or firqah, who present differentiation on opinion who related Islamic law framework especially in Indonesia. The result of understanding different about argumentation normative hisab-ru’yat were think out a differntiation and understanding on the Islamic member of a religious community. This thesis is field research, who has special understanding on construe of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal of Tarekat Syatariah. Interpretation this Hadith of Tarekat Syatariah have different understanding to understand the context of Hadis. Now focus of this research is to know understanding and implementation of Hadith ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scholar Ulakan Padang Pariaman. The result of this research are, First, understanding of hadis ru’yat al-hilal according to Syatariah scolar Ulakan Padang Pariaman is both collaboration of that hadis, because of the first hadis be explanation of the second hadis that are when the moon can’t be seen with the naked eyes because closed of fog or cloud, than word of presuppositioning (faqdurulah) on the first hadis be exclamation of passages of Koran by supplying additional information by Syatariah scholar be completed Sya’ban moon to be 30 days. Second, understanding implementation of Hadis ru’yat al-hilal is with together see new moon (al-hilal) at place who be certained of scolar (Tuangku) from the last time , they are Ulakan beach Padang Pariaman and Koto Tuo Agam. They are see new moon naked eye, although use the modern tools to see it the last judgmen according to them how to see it with naked eye, if it can’t be seen so, the new moon was not visible, although with modern tools to see it, and that not have influenced on determination al-hilal was seem or not. Their jedgment is still on argument if the new moon can’t see with naked eyes, so, al-hilal be evidented not visible and Sya’ban moon be completed to 30 days.

scholarly journals Menelaah Perkembangan Kajian Hisab Rukyah di Indonesia

ELFALAKY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heri Zulhadi
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Calculation System

Abstract Hisab and rukyah are two methods of study used by Muslims to determine the start time of prayer, fasting, hajj and so forth. Periodesasi hisab rukyah, at a glance must have imagined what is meant by hisab rukyah. In the discourse about the Hijri calendar known by the term hisab and rukyah. Hisab is a calendar calculation system based on the average circulation of the moon that surrounds the earth and is conventionally defined. This reckoning system began since the establishment of Caliph Umar ibn Khattab ra (17H) as a reference for composing an enduring Islamic calendar. Another opinion says that this calendar system started in 16 H or 18 H, but the more popular is the year 17 H. While Rukyah is seeing the hilal directly with the naked eye or with the help of tools such as telescopes or other tools that support to see the new moon every end of Qamariyah month. The word rukyah is more famous as rukyatul hilalyaitu see moon. In this study, the author will describe a little about the history of hisab and rukyah in the period of prophets, companions, tabi'in, mid to modern period today. In this study, the scope of hisab rukya includes prayer times, Qibla direction, the beginning of Qamariyah month, eclipse and hijri calendar. Keyword: Hisab, Rukyah.

scholarly journals Moonstruck: Viewing the Moon in the Ottoman World of the Seventeenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-366
Author(s):  
Fırat Yaşa
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Phases Of The Moon

Time is the only phenomenon that encompasses the past, present, and future, giving vitality to all living beings. Throughout history, people have tried to understand this phenomenon by determining its cycles and dividing them into segments. In pre-modern societies, the powerlessness of people against nature made them view time and space as closely connected (time-space continuum). In traditional Ottoman society, it was thus difficult to measure time. People made calculations using lunar movements. Court astrologers observed the moon and stars, advising sultans when to hold imperial accession ceremonies, celebrate princely births and weddings, or launch ships. In larger towns, at least the prayer times could be determined with assurance: However, villagers were mostly aware only of the day, month, season, and year. Hence, the understanding of time was quite different on the higher and lower rungs of the social ladder. In this paper, I attempt to answer the following questions: To what extent is it possible to measure time by studying the phases of the moon? What were the meanings that the Ottoman ruling class attached to the moon? For what reasons did ordinary people try to document in the qadi court at what time they saw the new moon, finding witnesses and having the court scribes record their testimonies? My sources are the qadi court records of Anatolian and Crimean cities, with additional information from travelogues and chronicles.

The Earliest Visible Phase of the Moon

1920 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
T. Rice Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Fine Weather ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Clear Atmosphere

I AM glad that Dr. Fotheringham in the interesting paper which appeared in the Classical Quarterly (April, 1920, pp. 97–8) adhered to the view that ‘Caesar calculated the new moon for January 1 [45 B.C]…and that this calculation determined the inaugural day of the Julian calendar.’ As the object of my brief note, on which he commented, was merely to show that Groebe had failed to prove that the day in question was January 2, I have only a few questions to ask. But first, in justice to Judeich, I ought to say that his calculations, which Dr. Fotheringham notices, were made with the help of the assistant-astronomer attached to the observatory of the University of Strassburg. While Dr. Fotheringham admits that I was right in maintaining that the new moon of January 2, 45 B.C. (1.26 a.m.) was not visible on the evening of that day, he holds that Groebe was ‘fairly entitled to say’ that the new moon of March 24, 58 B.C. (4.40 p.m.), was visible on March 25. Dr. Fotheringham may be justified in saying that it ought ‘in normal [or abnormally fine ?] weather to have been visible that evening’; but, as I observed in my note, Groebe affirmed that in calculating the time of visibility of the crescent we should accept the mean of the Babylonian estimates, 36 hours—less, I should have added, in the early spring and the winter, more in the summer and autumn. Was he entitled to deduct 9 hours from the mean for an observation made not in the clear atmosphere of the East, but in Switzerland? Dr. Fotheringham tells us that ‘the shortest interval between a new moon and the observation of the moon by Schmidt's naked eye comes’ not, as Groebe said, to 29, but ‘to 25.7 hours.’ But forty-eight of Schmidt's forty-nine observations were made at Athens, where the atmosphere is clearer than in Switzerland. The great difference in visibility which a clear atmosphere makes must strike everyone who goes from this country or from Switzerland to the East or to Northern Africa. I realized it for the first time when I was exploring in Tunisia before the war. Has Dr. Fotheringham or any other trustworthy observer ever seen with the naked eye in an atmosphere no clearer than that of Geneva a moon not more than 27 hours old? If so, is it not remarkable that, as Dr. Fotheringham has said, ‘Hitherto it has been the practice to assume that [in the early spring or the winter and in favourable weather ?] the moon becomes visible on the first evening when she is more than 30 hours old at sunset’?

scholarly journals XVII. Communication of a curious appearance lately observed upon the Moon. the Rev. Fearon Fallows. In a letter addressed to John Barrow, Esq. F. R. S

1822 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 237-238 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cape Town ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Dark Part ◽  
Large Spot ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
East Wind ◽  
New Moon ◽  
The One ◽  
Large Telescopes

Dear Sir, Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, December 13,1821. I take the earliest opportunity of communicating to you a curious appearance which I lately observed upon the moon. My present means of making observations of this kind are indeed very limited, as the large telescopes, destined for the Cape Observatory, have not yet arrived. Still, however, it is right to have phenomena of this kind recorded, though the description may, from the want of proper instruments, be imperfect. About eight o’clock in the evening of the 28th of Novem­ber last, the sky being extremely clear, and the moon shin­ing with a brilliancy which I never observed in England, my attention was drawn to a whitish spot on the dark part of the moon’s limb, sufficiently luminous to be seen with the naked eye. Lest I might be mistaken, I requested Mr. Fayror, the assistant astronomer, to look at the moon attentively, and inform me whether he could observe any bright appearance upon the dark part of it. We both agreed in the identity of the spot, and remarked that now and then it seemed to flash with considerable lustre. Mr. Fayror having in his posses­sion a good achromatic telescope, which Mr. Troughton had given him previous to our departure from England, I requested the loan of it for a few nights, so that I might be able to exa­mine this appearance more minutely. Having directed the telescope to the moon, I immediately recognised the luminous spot, which seemed like a star of the sixth magnitude, and three others much smaller, but one of these more brilliant than the one we had seen with the naked eye. The largest spot was surrounded by a nebulous appearance. I could not per­ceive any thing of the kind about the small brilliant spot. The two others were similar to faint nebulae, increasing in intensity towards the middle, but without any defined lumi­nous point. As I am not yet in possession of a micrometer, by means of which the situation of these spots might be ascertained, you must rest satisfied with this imperfect de­scription. On the evening of the 29th, the sky being equally favourable for observation as on the former one, I found that the large spot was, at the least, as bright as before, two others were nearly invisible, and the small brilliant spot had disappeared. I was unable to make any farther observations, as a strong south-east wind began to blow with great violence on the goth, accompanied with rain, and which lasted several days. I wait with great anxiety for the next new moon, when, if the sky be clear, I shall not fail to examine it as carefully as my means at present will permit.

Metodologi Pengeluaran Fatwa di Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Mohd Faez Mohd Shah ◽  
Norhidayah Pauzi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Right

In the discipline of Islamic law research, strong proofing and clear Istinbat method are key pillars in the construction of Islamic law based on the application of the science of usul al-fiqh and maqasid al-shari'ah. However, what happens at the state of Johor’s fatwa institution is the opposite. The fatwa research methods applied by the Fatwa Committee of Johor in resolving current fatwa issues is not based on the right and true discipline of Islamic law research. In fact, current inputs related to fatwa issues are not explicitly stated in the method of determining the law either in the form of reality or scientifically verified. Therefore, this paper will discuss the fatwa procedures undertaken by the Fatwa Committee of Johor based on the methods applied in resolving current issues. The research methodology adopted is library and interview methods. This study shows that fatwa management and production in the state of Johor is placed under the jurisdiction of the Mufti of Johor’s Department. The methods adopted by the Fatwa Committee of Johor covers two methods, namely: internal research methods including literature review through the application of original source and proofs based on syarak. Second: field research method that includes an external review or going to the location of study such as conducting observation, questionnaires and interviews including referrals to specialists of different fields. Maslahah and mafsdah consideration are also implemented by the Fatwa Committee in every fatwa decision based on the standard that meets the interests of maqasid al-shari'ah. Keywords: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah ABSTRAK Dalam disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam, kekuatan pendalilan dan kaedah istinbat yang jelas merupakan tunggak utama dalam pembinaan hukum Islam berasaskan kepada aplikasi ilmu usul al-fiqh dan maqasid al-shari’ah. Namun begitu, apa yang berlaku di institusi fatwa negeri Johor adalah sebaliknya. Kaedah penyelidikan fatwa yang diaplikasi oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor dalam menyelesaikan isu fatwa semasa tidak berasaskan kepada disiplin penyelidikan hukum Islam yang tepat dan sebenar. Malahan input-input semasa yang berkaitan dengan isu fatwa juga tidak dinyatakan secara jelas dalam kaedah penentuan hukum sama ada dalam bentuk realiti yang berlaku atau pembuktian secara saintifik. Justeru, kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan prosedur fatwa Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor berdasarkan metode-metode yang diaplikasi dalam menyelesaikan isu-isu yang bersifat semasa. Metodologi kajian yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah melalui metode perpustakaan dan metode lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengurusan dan pengeluaran fatwa di negeri Johor hanya terletak di bawah bidang kuasa Jabatan Mufti Johor. Metode fatwa yang diamalkan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa Negeri Johor merangkumi dua metode iaitu pertama, kaedah penyelidikan dalaman yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan menerusi pengaplikasian dari sumber asas dan dalil-dalil syarak. Kedua, kaedah penyelidikan lapangan yang meliputi kajian luaran atau turun ke lokasi kajian seperti observasi, soal selidik dan temubual dan rujukan kepada pakar dalam bidang yang berlainan. Pertimbangan maslahah dan mafsdah juga dimplementasikan oleh Jawatankuasa Fatwa dalam setiap keputusan fatwanya berasaskan standard yang menepati kepentingan maqasid al-shari’ah. Kata kunci: Metode, fatwa, istinbat, usul al-fiqh, maqasid al-shari’ah

Hukum Perubahan Status Harta Benda Wakaf: Studi Kasus Perubahan Status Kepemilikan Tanah Wakaf di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Kedungbanteng Kabupaten Banyumas

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
Sarmo Sarmo
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Law

This article discusses the practice of changing waqf for socio-educational purposes. The jurists of the fiqh schools argue over the permissibility of exchanging waqf land. As a country where the majority of the population is Muslim, Indonesia has made the guidelines for waqf which are stated in the law. No. 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf, Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the implementation of law number 41 of 2004, and the Compilation of Islamic Law in Indonesia. This study is field research conducted in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency. This study concluded that the exchange of waqf land in this village was in accordance with the purpose of the waqf and in accordance with the law. No. 41 of 2004 Article 41 paragraph (3). The process of changing donated land for TK Diponegoro 136 is in accordance with Government Regulation Number 42 of 2006 concerning the implementation of law number 41 of 2004. Meanwhile, the relation of Islamic law to the exchange of waqf land in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency is debated in accordance with the rules used by each jurisprudence school. Referring to the argument of jalb al-maṣāliḥ wa dar 'al-mafāsid, the exchange of waqf land in Keniten Village, Kedungbanteng District, Banyumas Regency is not against Islamic law because it brings more benefits.

Lunar Cycle Influences Reproductive Performance of Crossbred Brahman Cows Under Tropical Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042098363
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Aguirre ◽  
Roberto A. Palomares ◽  
Aitor D. De Ondiz ◽  
Eleazar R. Soto ◽  
Mariana S. Perea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Postpartum Estrus

Evidence has accumulated over the years indicating that the moon influences some aspects of the reproductive activity in animals and humans. However, little is known about the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of cows under tropical conditions, where the environment strongly affects reproduction. This retrospective study was conducted with the aim of assessing the influence of the lunar cycle on some reproductive traits of tropical crossbred cows managed in a pasture-based system. Data from 5869 reproductive records from two commercial farms localized in the Maracaibo Lake Basin of Zulia State, Venezuela, were analyzed. Variables studied were first service conception rate, calving frequency, first postpartum estrous frequency, and pregnancy frequency. In addition to the lunar cycle, the effects of farm, season, and predominant breed were also considered. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and general linear model from SAS. First service conception was affected by lunar phases and predominant breed, but not by farm or season. For frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy, there was no main effect of farm, season, and predominant breed, whereas the effect of lunar phases was highly significant. First service conception was significantly greater in waning than in crescent phase of the lunar cycle. Frequencies of calving, first estrus, and pregnancy were highly correlated and showed greater figures around full moon and new moon. In conclusion, lunar cycle influenced first service conception, attaining greater values in the waning phase of the moon cycle. Frequencies of calving, first postpartum estrus, and pregnancy in crossbred cows showed a clear bimodal rhythm, whose greatest values coincided with new moon and full moon.

Medina Gounass: Constructing Extra-National Space in a West African Borderland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
David Newman Glovsky
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
West African ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
National Space ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postcolonial Africa ◽  
Postcolonial States ◽  
The Town

Abstract The historical autonomy of the religious community of Medina Gounass in Senegal represents an alternative geographic territory to that of colonial and postcolonial states. The borderland location of Medina Gounass allowed the town to detach itself from colonial and independent Senegal, creating parallel governmental structures and imposing a particular interpretation of Islamic law. While in certain facets this autonomy was limited, the community was able to distance itself through immigration, cross-border religious ties, and smuggling. Glovsky’s analysis of the history of Medina Gounass offers a case study for the multiplicity of geographical and territorial entities in colonial and postcolonial Africa.

scholarly journals Astronomy at the service of the Islamic society

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S260) ◽  
pp. 514-521
Author(s):  
Ilias M. Fernini
Keyword(s):  
Proper Time ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Mathematical Astronomy ◽  
Islamic Empire ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Islamic Society

AbstractThe Islamic society has great ties to astronomy. Its main religious customs (start of the Islamic month, direction of prayer, and the five daily prayers) are all related to two main celestial objects: the Sun and the Moon. First, the start of any Islamic month is related to the actual seeing of the young crescent after the new Moon. Second, the direction of prayer, i.e., praying towards Mecca, is related to the determination of the zenith point in Mecca. Third, the proper time for the five daily prayers is related to the motion of the Sun. Everyone in the society is directly concerned by these customs. This is to say that the major impetus for the growth of Islamic astronomy came from these three main religious observances which presented an assortment of problems in mathematical astronomy. To observe these three customs, a new set of astronomical observations were needed and this helped the development of the Islamic observatory. There is a claim that it was first in Islam that the astronomical observatory came into real existence. The Islamic observatory was a product of needs and values interwoven into the Islamic society and culture. It is also considered as a true representative and an integral par of the Islamic civilisation. Since astronomy interested not only men of science, but also the rulers of the Islamic empire, several observatories have flourished. The observatories of Baghdad, Cairo, Córdoba, Toledo, Maragha, Samarqand and Istanbul acquired a worldwide reputation throughout the centuries. This paper will discuss the two most important observatories (Maragha and Samarqand) in terms of their instruments and discoveries that contributed to the establishment of these scientific institutions.

APPLICATION OF AKAD IJARAH ISLAMIC LAW IN THE AL-QUR'AN

ISLAMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ade Jamarudin ◽  
Ofa Ch Pudin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Leasing Company

Ijarah is a contract on the transfer of goods or services with rewards instead. Ijarah based transactions with the displacement benefit (rights to), not transfer of ownership (property rights), there ijara financing translates as buying and selling services (wages hired), that take advantage of human power, there is also a translate lease, which take advantage of goods. Application ijarah growing financial institutions in the current Shari'ah is happening on the leasing company (financial institution based on Islamic teachings, as well as Islamic banking is one of the products in Islamic finance. Application ijarah emerging financial institutions shari'ah 'ah at the moment that is happening on the leasing company (financial institution based on Islamic teachings, as well as Islamic banking is one of the Islamic financing products). This research is a library research (library research) and field research (field research), and is descriptive, analytic and comparative. Data sources used in this study are sourced from primary and secondary data. Ijarah transactions are based on the transfer of benefits (use rights), not the transfer of ownership (ownership rights), some translate ijarah financing as the sale and purchase of services (wage wages), i.e., taking the benefits of human labor

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