Effects of Group Formation on Student Satisfaction and Performance: A Field Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 104649642098859
Author(s):  
Adrienne Müller ◽  
Henrik Bellhäuser ◽  
Johannes Konert ◽  
René Röpke
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects

This study analyzes the relation of group formation on outcomes of a 4-week online course for prospective students. Group formation was experimentally manipulated based on predefined criteria, personality traits conscientiousness and extraversion. As research questions, groups were considered advantageous if they were formed (a) heterogeneously in extraversion, and (b) homogeneously in conscientiousness. As a result, no uniform outcome was identified. Most variance could be explained on group level, but no significant main effect for experimental grouping was found. Significant interaction between both main effects hint that the results do not provide final answers, but guidance for further research.

Problem-Solving Performances of First-Grade Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Steffe ◽  
David C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Problem Type ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Effects

A sample of 111 first-grade children was partitioned into 4 categories, where the categorization was determined by an ability to make quantitative comparisons and IQ. 6 problems of each of 8 problem types were presented to each child in a randomized sequence. Approximately one-half of the children in each category were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 levels of Problem Conditions. A multivariate analysis of variance indicated that IQ was not significant. Problem Conditions was significant (p<.01p<.01). Univariate analysis indicated a significant interaction (p<.05p<.05) due to Quantitative Comparisons and Problem Conditions for 1 problem type; significant main effects (p<.01p<.01) due to Problem Conditions for the remaining 7 problem types; and a significant (p<.05p<.05) main effect due to Quantitative Comparisons for 1 of the remaining 7 problem types.

Using MYSTAT to Analyze Simple Main Effects in Analysis of Variance

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Effect Factor ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Effects

Research designs with two factors having a significant interaction effect are analyzed for simple main effects using MYSTAT. The coding used performs a series of one-way analyses of variance for each main-effect factor at only one level of the second factor.

Relationship between Competitive Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, and Golf Performance: A Field Study

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Weinberg ◽  
Marvin Genuchi
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Lower State ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Main Effects

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the relationship between competitive trait anxiety (CTA), state anxiety, and golf performance in a field setting. Ten low, moderate, and high CTA collegiate golfers (N = 30) performed in a practice round on Day 1 and Day 2 of a competitive tournament. State anxiety results indicated a significant CTA main effect with low CTA subjects displaying lower state anxiety than moderate or high CTA subjects. The competition main effect was also significant, with post hoc tests indicating higher levels of state anxiety during Day 1 and Day 2 than during the practice round. Performance results produced a significant CTA main effect with low CTA subjects displaying higher levels of performance than moderate or high CTA subjects. Correlations between SCAT and state anxiety indicated that SCAT was a good predictor of precompetitive state anxiety. The direction of state anxiety and performance CTA main effects provide support for Oxendine's (1970) contentions that sports requiring fine muscle coordination and precision (e.g., golf) are performed best at low levels of anxiety. Future directions for research are offered.

Learning Business Law Online vs. Onland

2010 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Louis B. Swartz ◽  
Michele T. Cole ◽  
Daniel J. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Performance

This article reports on two follow-up studies to “A Comparative Analysis of Online and Traditional Undergraduate Business Law Classes” (Shelley, Swartz and Cole, 2007) designed to further examine two critical areas of e-learning, that is, student satisfaction with, and student learning in, an online environment as compared with an onland, or traditional classroom environment. While the initial study found no significant difference between the two, the second study did find statistically significant differences between the online and the onland course formats with regard to two elements of student satisfaction: (1) student satisfaction with the instructor, and (2) student satisfaction with the course structure. The second study went further to look at the effects, if any, of gender, age and nationality on student satisfaction. There was no significant difference found with age or nationality. There was a significant difference between males and females with regard to two of the research questions. The third study focused on student satisfaction and performance in two onland courses. In both areas, results indicated lower overall means for each of the four central research questions.

Effects of Excerpt Duration, Tempo, and Performance Level on Musicians' Ratings of Wind Band Performances

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Geringer ◽  
Christopher M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Wind Band ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
School Level ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
University Level ◽  
And Performance

This study investigated effects of listening example duration on the musical evaluation of wind band performances. In it, 96 music majors rated wind band performances that varied in performance level (high school, university, and professional), tempo (fast and slow), and duration (approximately 12, 25, and 50 seconds). Results showed no main effect for duration; however, there was a significant interaction between duration, tempo, and performance level. Listener ratings were higher for the medium and long durations of the professional and university level performances than for short performances. In contrast, medium and long durations were rated lower than the short examples for high school performances. The slow excerpt was rated higher than the fast excerpt only for professional performances. Analysis of features most noticed by listeners showed that intonation was associated with the relatively low ratings of high school level performances and musical expression was associated with the professional recordings.

Retention of Connected Discourse

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Mills ◽  
Gordon Winocur
Keyword(s):  
Retention Interval ◽  
Associative Strength ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Connected Discourse ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Interaction Term ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Main Effects

6 24-word English sentences were made up, 2 representing each of 3 levels of meaningfulness. Meaningfulness was defined in terms of the Thorndike-Lorge frequency of the words making up the sentences. The sentences were mounted on memory drums and learned by serial anticipation to a criterion of 100% correct responses or to a lower criterion, equivalent across level of meaningfulness. The retention intervals were 20 min. and 24 hr., the former providing a control for post-criterial drop. The measure of retention was the number of items lost during the interval. The main effects for both retention interval and meaningfulness were significant as was the interaction term between level of learning and retention interval. Because there were no significant interaction terms involving meaningfulness, it was concluded that the main effect for meaningfulness was an artifact resulting from differing degrees of associative strength at the end of learning. This conclusion was reinforced by scrutiny of 24-hr. loss scores, corrected for post-criterial drop.

What's Sex Got to Do With It? Associations Between Sexual Intrusive Thoughts, Gender, and Metacognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Brittany Gibby ◽  
Nisha Jagannathan ◽  
Gregory S. Chasson ◽  
Brittany Mathes ◽  
Emily Hollern
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Intrusive Thoughts ◽  
Metacognitive Processes ◽  
Negative Beliefs ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Main Effects

Although sexual intrusive thoughts (SITs) are often studied in combination with other intrusions, little is known about the metacognitive processes that are specific to SITs. The present study evaluated sexual versus non-SIT frequency in relation to two main factors: gender and general negative beliefs (GNB), a component of metacognition involving beliefs about the consequences of failing to control thoughts. A nonclinical sample of 286 undergraduate students completed the Revised Obsessional Intrusions Inventory-Sex Version and the Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire. Results indicated main effects for GNB and a significant interaction between gender and GNB for SITs. More specifically, frequency of SITs was significantly higher for males, as well as for participants with higher GNB. In contrast, analyses for non-SITs revealed a main effect for GNB, but no main effects for gender or a significant interaction. These findings suggest a link between high GNB and increased SIT and non-SIT frequency. Moreover, gender may function as a moderator between GNB and SIT frequency. Further characterizing the effects of gender and GNB may help in form treatments for disorders involving clinically significant SITs.

Performance of extra-early maize cultivars based on GGE biplot and AMMI analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. BADU-APRAKU ◽  
M. OYEKUNLE ◽  
K. OBENG-ANTWI ◽  
A. S. OSUMAN ◽  
S. G. ADO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sum Of Squares ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYMulti-environment trials (METs) in West Africa have demonstrated the existence of genotype×environment interactions (G×E), which complicate the selection of superior cultivars and the best testing sites for identifying superior and stable genotypes. Two powerful statistical tools available for MET analysis are the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and the genotype main effect+G×E (known as GGE) biplot. The objective of the present study was to compare their effectiveness in identifying maize mega-environments and stable and superior maize cultivars with good adaptation to West Africa. Twelve extra-early maturing maize cultivars were evaluated at 17 locations in four countries in West Africa from 2006 to 2009. The effects of genotype (G), environments (E) and G×E were significant (P<0 01) for grain yield. Differences between E accounted for 0 75 of the total variation in the sum of squares for grain yield, whereas the G effects accounted for 0 03 and G×E for 0 22. The GGE biplot explained 0 74 of total variations in the sum of squares for grain yield and revealed three mega-environments and seven cultivar groups. The AMMI graph explained 0 13 and revealed four groups each of environments and cultivars. The two procedures provided similar results in terms of stability and performance of the cultivars. Both methods identified the cultivars 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 and TZEE-W Pop STR C4 as superior across environments. Cultivar 2004 TZEE-W Pop STR C4 was the most stable. The GGE biplot was more versatile and flexible, and provided a better understanding of G×E than the AMMI graph. It identified Zaria, Ilorin, Ikenne, Ejura, Kita, Babile, Ina and Angaredebou as the core testing sites of the three mega-environments for testing the Regional Uniform Variety Trials-extra-early.

Neural Mobilization Short-Term Dose Effect on the Lower-Limb Flexibility and Performance in Basketball Athletes: A Randomized, Parallel, and Single-Blinded Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andreia Pereira ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
Karla Pereira ◽  
Leandro Ferreira ◽  
Maria Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Performance

Context: Neural mobilization is commonly used in sports, and previous studies have suggested that it has a positive impact on lower-limb flexibility and performance. However, studies exploring the effect of neural mobilization dosage are almost nonexistent. Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether 2 distinct dosages of neural gliding mobilization (4 and 8 sets of 10 repetitions) impact the flexibility and performance of both the mobilized and nonmobilized lower limb in basketball athletes differently. Design: Randomized, parallel, and single-blinded study. Setting: Amateur and professional basketball clubs. Participants: Fifty-two basketball athletes (40 men and 12 women), who were distributed into 2 groups; one received 40 (n = 28) and the other 80 repetitions (n = 24) of neural gliding mobilization. Intervention: Neural gliding mobilization applied to a single limb (the dominant limb). Main Outcome Measures: Knee extension angle for hamstring flexibility; hop tests and single-leg vertical jump for performance. Results: There was a significant main effect of time (P < .001), a significant interaction between time and limb for flexibility (P = .003), and a significant interaction between time and limb for the single-leg hop test (P = .032). No other significant main effect for any of the remaining variables was found (P > .05). Conclusions: The application of both 40 repetitions and 80 of neural gliding significantly improved lower-limb flexibility, and one was not superior to the other. Neither one dosage nor the other positively or negatively impacted the lower-limb performance of basketball athletes.

The role of copper ions in hydrogen peroxide bleaching: Their origin, removal, and effect on pulp quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO E.G. LOUREIRO ◽  
SANDRINE DUARTE ◽  
DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN ◽  
M. GRAÇA V.S. CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Peroxide Decomposition ◽  
Equipment Corrosion ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Main Effects

This study puts particular emphasis on the role of copper ions in the performance of hydrogen peroxide bleaching (P-stage). Owing to their variable levels across the bleaching line due to washing filtrates, bleaching reagents, and equipment corrosion, these ions can play a major role in hydrogen peroxide decomposition and be detrimental to polysaccharide integrity. In this study, a Cu-contaminated D0(EOP)D1 prebleached pulp was subjected to an acidic washing (A-stage) or chelation (Q-stage) before the alkaline P-stage. The objective was to understand the isolated and combined role of copper ions in peroxide bleaching performance. By applying an experimental design, it was possible to identify the main effects of the pretreatment variables on the extent of metals removal and performance of the P-stage. The acid treatment was unsuccessful in terms of complete copper removal, magnesium preservation, and control of hydrogen peroxide consumption in the following P-stage. Increasing reaction temperature and time of the acidic A-stage improved the brightness stability of the D0(EOP)D1AP bleached pulp. The optimum conditions for chelation pretreatment to maximize the brightness gains obtained in the subsequent P-stage with the lowest peroxide consumption were 0.4% diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), 80ºC, and 4.5 pH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document