Applying the PAI Treatment Process Index to PAI-As Completed by Adolescents in a Residential Program

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110380
Author(s):  
Nora E. Charles ◽  
Paula N. Floyd ◽  
Margaret R. Bullerjahn ◽  
Lydia Sigurdson ◽  
Christopher T. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Residential Program ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
At Risk Youth ◽  
Disciplinary Infractions ◽  
Process Index ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Relevant Variables

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Treatment Process Index (TPI) is a measure of treatment amenability based on an index of factors related to poor treatment outcomes (e.g., hostility, lack of social support, and poor impulse control). In this study, the formula used to calculate the TPI for the adult PAI was applied to PAI-Adolescent (PAI-As) protoocols completed by 372 adolescents (mean age: 16.8 years; 80% male) during a 22-week residential program for at-risk youth. The number of disciplinary infractions received during the program was used as an indicator of the participants’ response to the program. Average PAI-A scale scores and TPI scores were higher than those previously reported for community samples, but lower than those found in clinical samples. TPI scores were positively associated with disciplinary infractions, particularly nonaggressive infractions, when controlling for demographic factors and other clinically relevant variables. Results suggest that the the TPI has relevance for adolescents completing the PAI-A.

Personality Assessment Inventory Clinical Scales in Relation to Patient and Therapist Rated Alliance Early in Treatment

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112199009
Author(s):  
Bianca H. Cersosimo ◽  
Mark J. Hilsenroth ◽  
Robert F. Bornstein ◽  
Jerold R. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Scales ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Process Index ◽  
Fourth Session ◽  
Linear Regressions

We examined relationships between the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) clinical scales (e.g., Somatic Complaints [SOM]) and subscales (e.g., Conversion [SOM-C]) with patient- and therapist-rated alliance early in treatment (third or fourth session). We also replicated and extended findings from a previous study examining PAI treatment scales (Treatment Rejection, Treatment Process Index) and early session therapist-rated alliance. We used PAI protocols from a clinical outpatient sample ( N = 84). Data were analyzed using stepwise linear regressions. Results suggest that patients who report lower early session alliance also report more antisocial features (β = −.219, p = .050, f2 = 0.05) specifically more antisocial behaviors (β = −.315, p = .004, f2 = 0.11). Additionally, therapists report higher early session alliance with patients who report more anxiety-related disorders (β = .274, p = .012, f2 = 0.08), specifically traumatic stress (β = .325, p = .003, f2 = 0.12). No significant relationships were found between patient- or therapist-rated alliance and Treatment Rejection and Treatment Process Index, consistent with prior findings. Clinical implications are discussed.

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

scholarly journals Personality traits and treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Corchs ◽  
Fábio Corregiari ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
Tania Takakura ◽  
Maria Eugênia Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Poor Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity with personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive patients has been widely reported. About 40% of obsessive-compulsive patients do not respond to first line treatments. Nevertheless, there are no direct comparisons of personality traits between treatment-responsive and non-responsive patients. This study investigates differences in personality traits based on Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory scores between two groups of obsessive-compulsive patients classified according to treatment outcome: responders and non-responders. METHOD: Forty-four responsive and forty-five non-responsive obsessive-compulsive patients were selected. Subjects were considered treatment-responsive (responder group) if, after having received treatment with any conventional therapy, they had presented at least a 40% decrease in the initial Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score, had rated "better" or "much better" on the Clinical Global Impressions scale; and had maintained improvement for at least one year. Non-responders were patients who did not achieve at least a 25% reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores and had less than minimal improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions scale after having received treatment with at least three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including clomipramine), and at least 20 hours of cognitive behavioral therapy. Personality traits were assessed using Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS: Non-responders scored lower in self-directedness and showed a trend to score higher in persistence than responders did. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that personality traits, especially self-directedness, are associated with poor treatment response in obsessive-compulsive patients.

Personality Assessment of Early Visually Impaired Persons Using the CPI and the MMPI

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Adrian ◽  
Laurence R. Miller ◽  
William R. De L'aune
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Developmental Experiences ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Motor Difficulties ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

The California Psychological Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were administered to 128 women and men, aged 18-55, who were totally blind or partially sighted from birth, infancy, or early childhood, who had no other neurological, perceptual, or sensory-motor difficulties in addition to blindness, and had completed the eighth grade. The significant findings relate to the differences between the sample and sighted reference groups. Although both inventories seem to be highly sensitive to the adjustment patterns of early visually impaired persons, the findings clearly indicate that individual personality test results can be interpreted only when norms are appropriate and based on a representative group of visually impaired persons. Variant CPI and MMPI scale scores may not necessarily reflect psychopathology, but rather may be indicative of the unique adaptive processes of persons who experienced early visual impairment. Since the total experience of congenital or early visual impairment is not easily understood, normative data must be developed so meaningful and relevant comparisons can be made among persons who have shared common developmental experiences.

scholarly journals Phosphotyrosine-based Phosphoproteomics for Target Identification and Drug Response Prediction in AML Cell Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien van Alphen ◽  
Jacqueline Cloos ◽  
Robin Beekhof ◽  
David G. J. Cucchi ◽  
Sander R. Piersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome ◽  
The Individual

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder arising from hematopoietic myeloid progenitors. Aberrantly activated tyrosine kinases (TK) are involved in leukemogenesis and are associated with poor treatment outcome. Kinase inhibitor (KI) treatment has shown promise in improving patient outcome in AML. However, inhibitor selection for patients is suboptimal.In a preclinical effort to address KI selection, we analyzed a panel of 16 AML cell lines using phosphotyrosine (pY) enrichment-based, label-free phosphoproteomics. The Integrative Inferred Kinase Activity (INKA) algorithm was used to identify hyperphosphorylated, active kinases as candidates for KI treatment, and efficacy of selected KIs was tested.Heterogeneous signaling was observed with between 241 and 2764 phosphopeptides detected per cell line. Of 4853 identified phosphopeptides with 4229 phosphosites, 4459 phosphopeptides (4430 pY) were linked to 3605 class I sites (3525 pY). INKA analysis in single cell lines successfully pinpointed driver kinases (PDGFRA, JAK2, KIT and FLT3) corresponding with activating mutations present in these cell lines. Furthermore, potential receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) drivers, undetected by standard molecular analyses, were identified in four cell lines (FGFR1 in KG-1 and KG-1a, PDGFRA in Kasumi-3, and FLT3 in MM6). These cell lines proved highly sensitive to specific KIs. Six AML cell lines without a clear RTK driver showed evidence of MAPK1/3 activation, indicative of the presence of activating upstream RAS mutations. Importantly, FLT3 phosphorylation was demonstrated in two clinical AML samples with a FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation.Our data show the potential of pY-phosphoproteomics and INKA analysis to provide insight in AML TK signaling and identify hyperactive kinases as potential targets for treatment in AML cell lines. These results warrant future investigation of clinical samples to further our understanding of TK phosphorylation in relation to clinical response in the individual patient.

Predicting poor treatment response among offenders with the personality assessment inventory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Magyar ◽  
J. F. Edens ◽  
S. O. Lilienfeld ◽  
K. S. Douglas ◽  
N. G. Poythress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment Response

A-179 Personality Assessment Inventory Cognitive Bias Scale of Scales (CB-Sos): Replication and Comparison to the CBS in an Active Duty Military Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234
Author(s):  
Patrick Armistead-Jehle ◽  
Paul B Ingram ◽  
Nicole M Morris
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Active Duty Military ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
New Research ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Objective The Cognitive Bias Scale (CBS) was developed for the PAI using item-level responses identified based on failed performance validity testing (PVT), with subsequent studies cross-validating the scale. New research developed three alternative forms of the CBS using scale level responses, called the Cognitive Bias Scale of Scales (CB-sos). This study examines the performance of the three different CB-sos scales based on performance on stand-alone PVTs in a military sample. Methods Retrospective review of 257 active-duty military individuals referred for outpatient neuropsychological assessment. Each subject was administered the PAI, MSVT, and NV-MSVT. Groups were defined as valid (0 PVT failures) or invalid (1 or more PVT failures), consistent with CB-sos validation. Independent t-tests, effect size estimates, and sensitivity/specificity estimates were then calculated. Results Significant t-tests (p < 0.001) and medium effect sizes (0.5 < d < 0.8) were evident across each version of the CBS scale. The largest effect sizes were for the 7-scale CB-sos3 (d = 0.77) and the item-derived CBS (d = 0.70). AUC was similar (AUC = 0.686–0.713) across all scales. Estimates of sensitivity were low (ranging from 0.06 to 0.13) and specificity was high (ranging from 0.94 to 0.98) at the recommend cut values for each scale. Discussion It appears Scale of Scale validity indictors calculated from total scale scores, rather than items (i.e., CBS), produce similar levels of effectiveness. Results support the use of the CB-sos scales as potentially useful indicators of invalid responding on the PAI within a military sample (particularly CB-sos3), though sensitivity is relatively low.

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Profiles of Adult Female Abuse Survivors

Assessment ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Adam Cherepon
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Personality Assessment Inventory ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Abuse Survivors ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) profiles of 91 adult female, Caucasian subjects were examined to determine if there were significant differences between those subjects who reported a history of broadly-defined childhood/adolescent abuse and those subjects who did not report a history of abuse. PAI profiles of 44 self-reported survivors of abuse were compared with those of 47 subjects diagnosed with primary affective disorders, but without a reported history of abuse. Since there were significant age differences between the two groups, with the nonabused subjects being older, PAI scores were compared using age of subject as covariate in an Analysis of Covariance design. Significant differences between the groups were obtained on several PAI scales and subscales. In addition, the profiles of abuse survivors closely resembled Morey's PAI Cluster 2, which is associated with a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The PAI scale scores of the abuse survivors were believed to reflect the “acting-out” and “acting-in” tendencies reported in prior PTSD literature. The implications for evaluation of abuse survivors are discussed.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Roles and Experiences with Enhancing Adherence to Tuberculosis Treatment among Patients in Burundi: A Qualitative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Carlsson ◽  
Stina Johansson ◽  
Remy-Paul Bosela Eale ◽  
Berthollet Bwira Kaboru
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Critical Resources

Background. In TB control, poor treatment adherence is a major cause of relapse and drug resistance. Nurses have a critical role in supporting patients in TB treatment process. Yet, very little research has been done to inform policymakers and practitioners on nurses’ experiences of treatment adherence among patients with TB.Aim. To describe nurses’ experiences of supporting treatment adherence among patients with tuberculosis in Burundi.Method. The study adopted qualitative approach with a descriptive design. A purposive sampling was performed. Eight nurses were selected from two TB treatment centers in Burundi. Content analysis was used to analyze the data.Result. According to the nurses, most patients complete their treatment. Educating patients, providing the medication, observing and following up treatment, and communicating with the patients were the key tasks by nurses to support adherence. Causes for interruption were medication-related difficulties, poverty, and patients’ indiscipline. Treatment adherence could also be affected by patients’ and nurses’ feelings. Providing transportation and meals could enhance treatment compliance.Conclusion. Nurses are critical resources to TB treatment success. In a poverty stricken setting, nurses’ work could be facilitated and adherence further could be enhanced if socioeconomic problems (transportation and nutritional support) were alleviated.

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