scholarly journals The Impacts of Medicaid Expansion on Rural Low-Income Adults: Lessons From the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Allen ◽  
Bill Wright ◽  
Lauren Broffman
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Patient Resources ◽  
Oregon Health

Medicaid expansions through the Affordable Care Act began in January 2014, but we have little information about what is happening in rural areas where provider access and patient resources might be more limited. In 2008, Oregon held a lottery for restricted access to its Medicaid program for uninsured low-income adults not otherwise eligible for public coverage. The Oregon Health Insurance Experiment used this opportunity to conduct the first randomized controlled study of a public insurance expansion. This analysis builds off of previous work by comparing rural and urban survey outcomes and adds qualitative interviews with 86 rural study participants for context. We examine health care access and use, personal finances, and self-reported health. While urban and rural populations have unique demographic profiles, rural populations appear to have benefited from Medicaid as much as urban. Qualitative interviews revealed the distinctive challenges still facing low-income uninsured and newly insured rural populations.

TURNING FARMERS INTO SOCIAL FARMER ENTREPRENEURS FOR DISADVANTAGED PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Runcan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Rural And Urban

According to Romania’s National Rural Development Programme, the socio-economic situation of the rural environment has a large number of weaknesses – among which low access to financial resources for small entrepreneurs and new business initiatives in rural areas and poorly developed entrepreneurial culture, characterized by a lack of basic managerial knowledge – but also a large number of opportunities – among which access of the rural population to lifelong learning and entrepreneurial skills development programmes and entrepreneurs’ access to financial instruments. The population in rural areas depends mainly on agricultural activities which give them subsistence living conditions. The gap between rural and urban areas is due to low income levels and employment rates, hence the need to obtain additional income for the population employed in subsistence and semi-subsistence farming, especially in the context of the depopulation trend. At the same time, the need to stimulate entrepreneurship in rural areas is high and is at a resonance with the need to increase the potential of rural communities from the perspective of landscape, culture, traditional activities and local resources. A solution could be to turn vegetal and / or animal farms into social farms – farms on which people with disabilities (but also adolescents and young people with anxiety, depression, self-harm, suicide, and alexithymia issues) might find a “foster” family, bed and meals in a natural, healthy environment, and share the farm’s activities with the farmer and the farmer’s family: “committing to a regular day / days and times for a mutually agreed period involves complying with any required health and safety practices (including use of protective clothing and equipment), engaging socially with the farm family members and other people working on and around the farm, and taking on tasks which would include working on the land, taking care of animals, or helping out with maintenance and other physical work”

scholarly journals Qualitative perspectives of the North Carolina healthy food small retailer program among customers in participating stores located in food deserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Haynes-Maslow ◽  
Stephanie B. Jilcott Pitts ◽  
Kathryn A. Boys ◽  
Jared T. McGuirt ◽  
Sheila Fleischhacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The State ◽  
The North

Abstract Background The North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (NC HFSRP) was established through a policy passed by the state legislature to provide funding for small food retailers located in food deserts with the goal of increasing access to and sales of healthy foods and beverages among local residents. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine perceptions of the NC HFSRP among store customers. Methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with 29 customers from five NC HFSRP stores in food deserts across eastern NC. Interview questions were related to shoppers’ food and beverage purchases at NC HFSRP stores, whether they had noticed any in-store efforts to promote healthier foods and beverages, their suggestions for promoting healthier foods and beverages, their familiarity with and support of the NC HFSRP, and how their shopping and consumption habits had changed since implementation of the NC HFSRP. A codebook was developed based on deductive (from the interview guide questions) and inductive (emerged from the data) codes and operational definitions. Verbatim transcripts were double-coded and a thematic analysis was conducted based on code frequency, and depth of participant responses for each code. Results Although very few participants were aware of the NC HFSRP legislation, they recognized changes within the store. Customers noted that the provision of healthier foods and beverages in the store had encouraged them to make healthier purchase and consumption choices. When a description of the NC HFSRP was provided to them, all participants were supportive of the state-funded program. Participants discussed program benefits including improving food access in low-income and/or rural areas and making healthy choices easier for youth and for those most at risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Conclusions Findings can inform future healthy corner store initiatives in terms of framing a rationale for funding or policies by focusing on increased food access among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Examine the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 263355652110281
Author(s):  
John S. Moin ◽  
Richard H. Glazier ◽  
Kerry Kuluski ◽  
Alex Kiss ◽  
Ross E.G. Upshur
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Indicator Framework

Background: Multimorbidity, often defined as having two or more chronic conditions is a global phenomenon. This study examined the association between key determinants identified by the chronic disease indicator framework and multimorbidity by rural and urban settings. The prevalence of individual diseases was also investigated by age and sex. Methods: The Canada Community Health Survey and linked health administrative databases were used to examine the association between multimorbidity, sociodemographic, behavioral, and other risk factors in the province of Ontario. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to conduct the main analysis. Results: Analyses were stratified by age (20–64 and 65–95) and area of residence (rural and urban). A total sample of n = 174,938 residents between the ages of 20–95 were examined in the Ontario province, of which 18.2% (n = 31,896) were multimorbid with 2 chronic conditions, and 23.4% (n = 40,883) with 3+ chronic conditions. Females had a higher prevalence of 2 conditions (17.9% versus 14.6%) and 3+ conditions (19.7% vs. 15.6%) relative to males. Out of all examined variables, poor self-perception of health, age, Body Mass Index, and income were most significantly associated with multimorbidity. Smoking was a significant risk factor in urban settings but not rural, while drinking was significant in rural and not urban settings. Income inequality was associated with multimorbidity with greater magnitude in rural areas. Prevalence of multimorbidity and having three or more chronic conditions were highest among low-income populations. Conclusion: Interventions targeting population weight, age/sex specific disease burdens, and additional focus on stable income are encouraged.

scholarly journals Rural Accessibility, Rural Development, and Natural Disasters in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Elizabeth Eklund
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Rural accessibility means more than just reliable roads and cost-effective transportation networks. Rural accessibility is critical for achieving social and economic development in low-income developing countries such as Bangladesh where both rural and urban development are constrained by significant infrastructural deficiencies. It is also an important factor that determines the effects of natural disasters on these resource-constrained societies, since both disaster responses and sustainable development are compromised by poor rural accessibility. Using two contrasting case studies from Bangladesh, this article reveals the significance of improved rural accessibility on rural development and the effects of natural disasters on rural areas. The findings of this article suggest that the improvement of rural accessibility should be a top national development priority, since it increases the opportunities for sustainable social and economic development and reduces the adverse effects of natural disasters on the rural areas in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

scholarly journals The Development of Chosen Social and Economic Indicators in Rural Areas of the Slovak Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Marián Kováčik ◽  
Eva Žuffová
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Study Development

Abstract The focus of the following article was to study development of certain social and economic indicators in Slovakia. We focused this paper on two types of regions in Slovakia, urban and rural. For this purpose we decided to measure the development of inhabitants in rural and urban areas as well as median age of the population. We also partially focused on the sector of agriculture since it used to play an important role in rural areas as a key employer. We found that there is a trend of moving people from urban to rural areas and that agriculture is losing its key role because of decreasing employment trend. This can be caused by low attractiveness of this sector and low income which, nowadays, plays an important role in finding a job.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONSUMSI PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI LAMPUNG

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliyanah Meliyanah ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Djuwari Djuwari
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

This research diamed to: 1) knowing the selft-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and income elasticity of consumption per food item on household level according to location and income level; and 2) knowing the reation between level of income and food consumption on household level according to location and income level.This research used data from SUSENAS of Lmapung Province in 2002 with number of sample of 2091 household, which being differed between rural and urban areas based on low, middle, and high level of income. The data analysis used tobit model and sensored regression.The result showed that: 1) the demand of rice and beeh for household consumption in every level of income in rural and urban areas were inelastic; 2) Coen only been consumed by low income level household in rural areas and the demand was inelastic; 3) the demand of cassava for household consumption on low income level in urban area was elastic, While in middle income level, high income level and every level of income in rural area, cassava demand was inelastic. Cassava was considered as inferior goods; 4) The demand of fish for household consumption an every level of income in rural and urban areas was elastic. Household in rural area on every level of income and in urban areas on middle and high income level consider fish as a main necessity. While on low income level  household in urban areas, it was considered as classy/exclusive good; 5) the demand of chicken; for household in rural areas on middle and high income level was inelastic. When in rural low income level and urban middle and high income level, was inelastic chicken meat was considend as classy/exclusive good the rural low income level household; 6) egg demand for household consumption in rural areas on every level of income was inelastic, while in urban area it was elastic for every level income; 7) the rural and urban household on every level of income considered rice as the stpale food; 8) Household in rural and urban areas on middle and high level of income considered beef as main necessity; 9) On household with middle income level in rural areas, egg was considere as inferior good; while an low income level in urban areas, egg was considere as expensive good.

scholarly journals The Impact of Medicaid on Labor Market Activity and Program Participation: Evidence from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Baicker ◽  
Amy Finkelstein ◽  
Jae Song ◽  
Sarah Taubman
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Stamps ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Oregon Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Government Benefits ◽  
Labor Market Activity

In 2008, a group of uninsured low-income adults in Oregon was selected by lottery for the chance to apply for Medicaid. Using this randomized design and 2009 administrative data, we find no significant effect of Medicaid on employment or earnings. Our 95 percent confidence intervals allow us to reject that Medicaid causes a decline in employment of more than 4.4 percentage points, or an increase of more than 1.2 percentage points. Medicaid increases food stamps receipt, but has little, if any, impact on receipt of other measured government benefits, including SSDI.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONSUMSI BERAS PADATINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Cristovao R ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Income Elasticity ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rice Consumption

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine thefactors influencing rice consumption in urban and rural areas of Yogyakarta Special Province and (2) to determine the own price, cross price and income elasticity of rice consumption at different income levels in rural and urban areas. National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data of 2005 Yogyakarta Special Province on rice consumption was used Totalrespondents 1990 households. Regression model used in the analysis was OLS. The result showed that thefactors that influence the consumption of rice are the price of the rice itself, price of the related household goods, income level, education of the mother, number offamily members, and location. Thefactors that individually influence rice consumption vary by kinds of rice, location, and income level. Therefore, the demand of rice in DIY is inelastic, the change of price did not significantly influence rice demand. Generally, rice is normal good at low income household level in the rural and urban areas andfor middle income in the rural, and in middle income and high income in the urban, rice is a inferior good. In other side, rice is Substituted for cassava and sweet potato. Rice is complementary for catfish, fermented soybean cake, cassava, egg, and tofu.Keywords: rice consumption, elasticity, substitution, complementary.

Parental Concerns for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs in Rural vs Urban Counties of Arizona

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Curry Sontag ◽  
Robert Schacht ◽  
Robert Horn ◽  
Diane Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Family Service ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Parental Concerns ◽  
Rural And Urban

The purpose of this study was to compare parental concerns for Infants and toddlers with special needs from rural versus urban counties in Arizona. A statewide, representative sample of 600 parents served by Arizona's key agencies were surveyed in face to face interviews with trained interviewers. Respondents were asked questions related to the nature and type of services they were receiving, their satisfaction with the services, their need for other services, financial needs, information needs, and emotional support needs. Differences were identified in relationship to the kinds of information parents from rural and urban counties need, as well as the source of information they are more likely to utilize. Parents from the largest urban area indicated that they had less help coordinating and accessing services. Parents from rural areas appeared to be enrolled at higher rates in low income family service programs and reported spending more money on travel and room and board to receive services. Overall, parents reported being highly involved in their child's services and indicated that their greatest concerns were in accessing information in order to make decisions about their child's needs.

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