Research Ethics in Victimization Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Clark ◽  
Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Research Publication ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Unethical Conduct ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Study Participants

Research ethics, especially the protection of research study participants, has been an enduring concern of investigators and scholars of victims of violence. Previous work has analyzed the overt and hidden risks of harm to study participants through poorly designed and implemented protocols, cross-cultural insensitivity, unjust exclusion of certain victim types, and neglect to ensure safety of research staff. This article extends this work by calling for greater attention to exploiting participants and victims as a class of persons. The need for this wider view derives from concern about the academic research environment with its emphasis on research, publication, and extramural funding. The authors argue that compliance with federal regulations and IRB directives is necessary but insufficient to conduct truly ethical research. Recognition of the unique pressures that researchers face in the context of the economically competitive university is required to delineate and manage exploitation risks. Such pressures have sometimes led to the rush from print to practices and policies with unintended harmful results for victims of violence as a class of persons. The authors suggest a number of strategies for researchers to define and manage the dangers of engaging in this type of unethical conduct.

scholarly journals Issues of research ethics and clinical ethics in developing world, possible solution: a way forward

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waseem Khan ◽  
Imrana Niaz Sultana ◽  
Afrasiab Khan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Study Participants

Research plays a pivotal role in the progress of inventions in medicines and medical technology. It is noticed that researchers from developing world or multinational companies are interested to conduct their research studies in developing countries, in doing so sometimes it is noticed that rather benefiting the participants it causes significant harm to the research study participants of developing countries. Ethical lapses in research can significantly harm human subjects. In research ethics the basic aim of ethics is distinguishing between right and wrong, to recognize the wrong doings and try to avoid them from harming research subjects in any research study whether that is done in developing country or developed country. It must follow the principle of non malefiecence or do no harm. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v3i3.12559 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2012; 3(3):12-15

Leveraging Social Media for Human Factors Research in Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Rupa S. Valdez ◽  
Annie T. Chen ◽  
Andrew J. Hampton ◽  
Kapil Chalil Madathil ◽  
Elizabeth Lerner Papautsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Human Factors Research

There has been a significant increase in using social media for academic research and there is an opportunity for human factors professionals to incorporate these platforms into their research. Social media platforms provide a rich space to study extant data on health information communication, behaviors, and impacts and to recruit study participants. In this session, panelists will discuss using social media to study health-related topics including health management, gender-based violence, disaster response, self-harm, patient ergonomics, and secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. They will share how they have collected and analyzed data and recruited study participants from social media platforms such as Twitter, Reddit, and Facebook. They will also speak to the benefits and challenges of as well as ethical implications for using social media for research. There will be space for a moderated discussion to identify ways social media can be leveraged for human factors research in health care.

Research Paper Influence Measurement and Applications: A Machine-Learning-Based Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 1049-1050 ◽  
pp. 2073-2078
Author(s):  
San Shan Du ◽  
Yue Chun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Citation Networks ◽  
Research Publication ◽  
American Airline ◽  
Airline Network ◽  
Influence Measurement

Measuring the influence of academic research publication is an meaningful work in academe. In this paper, the co-author and the citation networks are built to calculate the influence of a researcher and a paper in the way of networks separately with the discussion of further applications. At the beginning, the co-author network is built to determine the influence of co-authors. Then, based on the citations among the papers in the database, we build up the citation network with the help of graph theory. Thirdly, the method is implemented with the application of American Airline network analysis. As the final, the analysis of strengths and weaknesses is conducted.

scholarly journals Research Identities: Reflections of a Contract Researcher

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Goode
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Institutional Identity ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Qualitative Researcher ◽  
Contract Research ◽  
Social Work Training ◽  
Work Training ◽  
Researcher Identity

This paper examines the institutional identity formation of contract research staff in the context of the Taylorisation of research knowledges. The author has been a contract researcher for many years, after initially training and practising as a Probation Officer. She makes links between her social work training, and her current practice as a qualitative researcher. Drawing on her experience of working on a variety of different projects, at a number of different institutions, and providing illustrative examples from projects in sociology, social policy, health, and education, she reflects on the implications of the current social organization of academic research both for professional research practice and for researcher identity. There is a paradox in the way that contract research staff accrue a wealth of experience of how research is organised and conducted in different contexts, a repertoire of skills, and a vast volume of various kinds of ‘data’, whilst remaining vulnerable and marginalized figures within the academy, with few opportunities for professional development and advancement. She outlines a number of strategies she has employed in the preservation of the ‘research self’, and concludes by suggesting that the academy has much to learn about the effective management of ‘waste’, as embodied by researchers’ selves and their data, consequent upon the Taylorisation of research work.

scholarly journals FIT to Care: An Action Research Study Exploring the Use of Communication Theory to Strengthen Caring Relationships between Teachers and Students

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela K. Lake, ◽  
Barbara K. Haas, ◽  
Marsha Matthews,
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Nursing Faculty ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Instructional Feedback ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Action Research Study ◽  
Study Participants

A caring-trusting relationship between teacher and student is foundational in caring educational environments. This relationship can be threatened when negative feedback to students is required. Instructional feedback based on feedback intervention theory (FIT) has been effective in communication studies. The purpose of this action research study was to explore the use of FIT-based communication techniques as a tool for nursing faculty to provide instructional feedback while protecting the caring-trusting relationship between teacher and student. Study participants reported positive changes in the instructional feedback communications with students that enabled a culture of caring to be maintained.

scholarly journals Ethical Development of Artificial Amniotic Sac and Placenta Technology: A Roadmap

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Verweij ◽  
Lien De Proost ◽  
Judith O. E. H. van Laar ◽  
Lily Frank ◽  
Sylvia A. Obermann-Borstn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Value Sensitive Design ◽  
Ethical Development ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Study Participants

In this paper we present an initial roadmap for the ethical development and eventual implementation of artificial amniotic sac and placenta technology in clinical practice. We consider four elements of attention: (1) framing and societal dialogue; (2) value sensitive design, (3) research ethics and (4) ethical and legal research resulting in the development of an adequate moral and legal framework. Attention to all elements is a necessary requirement for ethically responsible development of this technology. The first element concerns the importance of framing and societal dialogue. This should involve all relevant stakeholders as well as the general public. We also identify the need to consider carefully the use of terminology and how this influences the understanding of the technology. Second, we elaborate on value sensitive design: the technology should be designed based upon the principles and values that emerge in the first step: societal dialogue. Third, research ethics deserves attention: for proceeding with first-in-human research with the technology, the process of recruiting and counseling eventual study participants and assuring their informed consent deserves careful attention. Fourth, ethical and legal research should concern the status of the subject in the AAPT. An eventual robust moral and legal framework for developing and implementing the technology in a research setting should combine all previous elements. With this roadmap, we emphasize the importance of stakeholder engagement throughout the process of developing and implementing the technology; this will contribute to ethically and responsibly innovating health care.

scholarly journals A Malawi guideline for research study participant remuneration

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Gordon ◽  
Lameck Chinula ◽  
Ben Chilima ◽  
Victor Mwapasa ◽  
Sufia Dadabhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Research Participant ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Ethics Committees

Background: Research participant remuneration has been variable and inconsistent world-wide for many years owing to uncertainty regarding best practice and a lack of written guidelines for investigators and research ethics committees.  Recent recommendations are that researchers and regulators should develop regionally appropriate written guidelines to define reasonable remuneration based on expense reimbursement, compensation for time and burden associated with participation.   Incentives to motivate participation are acceptable in specific circumstances. Methods: We wished to develop regionally informed, precise and applicable guidelines in Malawi that might also be generally useful for African researchers and review committees.  We therefore reviewed the current literature and developed widely applicable and specific remuneration tables using acceptable and evidence-based payment rationales. Results: There were good international guidelines and limited published regional guidelines.  There were published examples of best practice and sufficient material to suggest a structured remuneration table.  The rationale and method for the table were discussed at an inter-disciplinary workshop resulting in a reimbursement and compensation model with fixed rates.  Payment is recommended pro rata and equally across a study. Conclusions: Transparent, fair remuneration of research participants is recommended by researchers and regulators in Malawi.  The means to achieve this are now presented in the Malawi research participant remuneration table.

Upholding “Colonial Unknowing” Through the IRB: Reframing Institutional Research Ethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheeva Sabati
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
A Site

This article considers the institutionalization of research ethics as a site of “colonial unknowing” in which the racial colonial entanglements of academic research and institutions are obscured. I examine the origin stories situating Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) as a response to cases of exceptional violence, most notably the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, within an otherwise neutral history of research. I then consider how the 2018 revisions to the Common Rule extend “colonial unknowing” by decontextualizing the forms of risk involved in social and behavioral research. I situate these complicities as necessary starting points toward anticolonial research ethics of “answerability.”

Instructional Design, Web 2.0 Style

2010 ◽  
pp. 355-402
Author(s):  
Bruce C. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Design ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Made In

In the previous articles, we reported on the results of a multifaceted research study on how to benchmark and use emerging educational technologies. Our approach blended classic research methods with those used in market research studies. We gathered data and expertise from a variety of sources, including academic research articles, industry reports, interviews with leaders and national pacesetters, and the experiences of our own veteran staff. Our objective was to create a means by which decisions about affordances, constraints, and effective use could be made in a just-in-time fashion. We have only scratched the surface.

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