Irradiation-Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingbo Yang ◽  
Yinfa Ma
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Nuclear Regions

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) are being widely utilized in industry due to their versatile properties. The in vitro cytotoxicity findings and the potential for exposures to ZnO NP from different sources via different routes of entry into the body have raised public health concerns. Although recent studies have shown the cytotoxic effects of these NPs, including oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis induction, genotoxicity, and others, irradiation-induced cytotoxicity has not been systematically studied. The goal of this study was to determine whether irradiation in the forms of visible light (approximately 400-600 nm), ultraviolet (UV) A (366 nm), and UVC (254 nm) would affect ZnO NPs-induced cytotoxicity. The results of this study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of 60 to 80 nm ZnO NPs to A549 cells is dosage, time, and wavelength dependent. Nuclear decomposition by ZnO NPs, prior to membrane deformation, was found to be enhanced when exposed to irradiation. This study suggests that this phenomenon may be attributed to the irradiation-induced formation of positively charged sites on the ZnO NPs, which enhances nuclear affinity and generation of reactive oxygen species. Finally, the data demonstrated that while ZnO NPs act preferentially toward nuclear regions, destructions of cell membrane and the cytosol have also been observed. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO NPs play a critical role during the early stages of cell death, and their effects were reduced through the use of an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine. In conclusion, both visible light and UV irradiations have been found to enhance the cytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs on the A549 cell line. This finding supports the need for further in vivo exposure studies relevant to actual conditions to confirm whether combined irradiation and ZnO NP exposure could enhance the nanotoxicity of ZnO NPs.

scholarly journals Assessment of SnFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Potential Application in Theranostics: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro, and In Vivo Toxicity

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 825
Author(s):  
Saman Sargazi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hajinezhad ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Zafar ◽  
Aneesa Awan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tin Chloride ◽  
Bet Analysis

In this research, tin ferrite (SnFe2O4) NPs were synthesized via hydrothermal route using ferric chloride and tin chloride as precursors and were then characterized in terms of morphology and structure using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray power diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The obtained UV-Vis spectra was used to measure band gap energy of as-prepared SnFe2O4 NPs. XRD confirmed the spinel structure of NPs, while SEM and TEM analyses disclosed the size of NPs in the range of 15–50 nm and revealed the spherical shape of NPs. Moreover, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and BET analysis was carried out to estimate elemental composition and specific surface area, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized NPs were studied on normal (HUVEC, HEK293) and cancerous (A549) human cell lines. HUVEC cells were resistant to SnFe2O4 NPs; while a significant decrease in the viability of HEK293 cells was observed when treated with higher concentrations of SnFe2O4 NPs. Furthermore, SnFe2O4 NPs induced dramatic cytotoxicity against A549 cells. For in vivo study, rats received SnFe2O4 NPs at dosages of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg. The 10 mg/kg dose increased serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine compared to the controls (P < 0.05). The pathology showed necrosis in the liver, heart, and lungs, and the greatest damages were related to the kidneys. Overall, the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that SnFe2O4 NPs at high doses had toxic effects on lung, liver and kidney cells without inducing toxicity to HUVECs. Further studies are warranted to fully elucidate the side effects of SnFe2O4 NPs for their application in theranostics.

MicroRNAs: Crucial Players in the Differentiation of Human Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells into Functional Hepatocyte-Like Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xu ◽  
Liying Wu ◽  
Guojia Yuan ◽  
Xiaolu Liang ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Body

: Hepatic disease negatively impacts liver function and metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes are the gold standard for the prediction and successful treatment of liver disease. However, the sources of hepatocytes for drug toxicity testing and disease modeling are limited. To overcome this issue, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have emerged as an alternative strategy for liver disease therapy. Human PSCs, including embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can self-renew and give rise to all cells of the body. Human PSCs are attractive cell sources for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, drug discovery, and developmental studies. Several recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also differentiate (or trans-differentiate) into hepatocytes. Differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs into functional hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) opens new strategies to study genetic diseases, hepatotoxicity, infection of hepatotropic viruses, and analyze hepatic biology. Numerous in vitro and in vivo differentiation protocols have been established to obtain human PSCs/MSCs-derived HLCs and mimic their characteristics. It was recently discovered that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in controlling the ectopic expression of transcription factors and governing the hepatocyte differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs. In this review, we focused on the role of miRNAs in the differentiation of human PSCs and MSCs into hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Transendothelial movement of adiponectin is restricted by glucocorticoids

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Q Dang ◽  
Nanyoung Yoon ◽  
Helen Chasiotis ◽  
Emily C Dunford ◽  
Qilong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Endothelial Permeability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endothelial Monolayers ◽  
Basolateral Side ◽  
Induced Changes

Altered permeability of the endothelial barrier in a variety of tissues has implications both in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Glucocorticoids are potent mediators of endothelial permeability, and this forms the basis for their heavily prescribed use as medications to treat ocular disease. However, the effect of glucocorticoids on endothelial barriers elsewhere in the body is less well studied. Here, we investigated glucocorticoid-mediated changes in endothelial flux of Adiponectin (Ad), a hormone with a critical role in diabetes. First, we used monolayers of endothelial cells in vitro and found that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone increased transendothelial electrical resistance and reduced permeability of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 4000 Da). Dexamethasone reduced flux of Ad from the apical to basolateral side, measured both by ELISA and Western blotting. We then examined a diabetic rat model induced by treatment with exogenous corticosterone, which was characterized by glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia. There was no change in circulating Ad but less Ad protein in skeletal muscle homogenates, despite slightly higher mRNA levels, in diabetic vs control muscles. Dexamethasone-induced changes in Ad flux across endothelial monolayers were associated with alterations in the abundance of select claudin tight junction (TJ) proteins. shRNA-mediated knockdown of one such gene, claudin-7, in HUVEC resulted in decreased TEER and increased adiponectin flux, confirming the functional significance of Dex-induced changes in its expression. In conclusion, our study identifies glucocorticoid-mediated reductions in flux of Ad across endothelial monolayers in vivo and in vitro. This suggests that impaired Ad action in target tissues, as a consequence of reduced transendothelial flux, may contribute to the glucocorticoid-induced diabetic phenotype.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aspergillus niger on Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumonia In Vitro and In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayim Rasha ◽  
Manal M. Alkhulaifi ◽  
Monerah AlOthman ◽  
Ibrahim Khalid ◽  
Elnagar Doaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Currently, the mortality rate in Saudi Arabia’s ICUs is increasing due to the spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria. This study was carried out to evaluate the ability of biologically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Aspergillus niger to overcome carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (KPC) in vitro and in vivo. ZnO-NPs were synthesized via a biological method and characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zetasizer and zeta potential analyses, x-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In vitro sensitivity of KPC to ZnO-NPs was identified using the well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by a macro-dilution method. The morphological alteration of KPC cells after ZnO-NPs treatment was observed by SEM. The in vivo susceptibility of KPC cells to ZnO-NPs ointment was evaluated using wound healing in experimental rats. The chemical characterization findings showed the formation, stability, shape, and size of the synthesized nanoparticles. The MIC and MBC were 0.7 and 1.8 mg/ml, respectively. The in vivo results displayed reduced inflammation and wound re-epithelialization of KPC-infected rats. These findings demonstrated that ZnO-NPs have great potential to be developed as antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Prime a Protective Immune Response in Galleria mellonella to Defend Against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-nian Xu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Wen Pan ◽  
Huan-xin Zheng ◽  
Meng-lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Zno Nps

Purpose: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have exerted antimicrobial properties. However, there is insufficient evaluation regarding the in vivo antifungal activity of ZnO-NPs. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of ZnO-NPs in controlling Candida albicans in the invertebrate Galleria mellonella.Methods:Galleria mellonella larvae were injected with different doses of ZnO-NPs to determine their in vivo toxicity. Non-toxic doses of ZnO-NPs were chosen for prophylactic injection in G. mellonella followed by C. albicans infection. Then the direct in vitro antifungal effect of ZnO-NPs against C. albicans was evaluated. In addition, the mode of action of ZnO-NPs was assessed in larvae through different assays: quantification of hemocyte density, morphology observation of hemocytes, characterization of hemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis, and measurement of hemolymph phenoloxidase (PO) activity.Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were non-toxic to the larvae at relatively low concentrations (≤20 mg/kg). ZnO-NP pretreatment significantly prolonged the survival of C. albicans-infected larvae and decreased the fungal dissemination and burden in the C. albicans-infected larvae. This observation was more related to the activation of host defense rather than their fungicidal capacities. Specifically, ZnO-NP treatment increased hemocyte density, promoted hemocyte aggregation, enhanced hemocyte phagocytosis, and activated PO activity in larvae.Conclusion: Prophylactic treatment with lower concentrations of ZnO-NPs protects G. mellonella from C. albicans infection. The innate immune response primed by ZnO-NPs may be part of the reason for the protective effects. This study provides new evidence of the capacity of ZnO-NPs in enhancing host immunity and predicts that ZnO-NPs will be attractive for further anti-infection applications.

scholarly journals Using Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Alleviate the Toxicity on Banana Parasitic-Nematode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa elansary ◽  
Ragaa Hamouda ◽  
Maha Elshamy
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Direct Exposure

Abstract We appraised the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles, (ZnO-NPs) and zinc oxide bulk (ZnO-bulk) or zinc acetate, as a natural nematocide, alone or in combination with oxamyl in vitro and in vivo trials in order to improve systems for root-knot nematode (RKNs) control in banana plants. Especially, ZnO-NPs were biosynthesized from the alga, Ulva fasciata. In general, all applications of ZnO-NPs were more effective to control RKNs than ZnO-bulk as well oxamyl alone (chemical control). In in vitro conditions, ZnO-NPs with oxamyl showed 98.91% second stage juveniles2 (J2s) mortality of Meloidogyne incognita after 72 hrs, while 72.86% mortality was observed at the same NPs treatment without oxamyl at the same exposure time. The same treatment was the most effective in diminution of J2s community (82.77%) in soil and galls number (81.87%) in roots under in vivo conditions. In contrast, the highest weight and height of the shoot was observed in Zn-bulk treatment in combination with oxamyl as well oxamyl only (nematocides check). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reports displayed the distributions and accumulations of ZnO-NPs on the nematode (J2s) body under direct exposure, which might be the reason of NP-mediated toxicity and disruption for M. incognita.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxicity Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Spermatogonia Cells

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pinho ◽  
Filipa Martins ◽  
M. Elisabete V. Costa ◽  
Ana M. R. Senos ◽  
Odete A. B. da Cruz e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Spermatogonia Cells ◽  
The Impact

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a type of metal oxide nanoparticle with an extensive use in biomedicine. Several studies have focused on the biosafety of ZnO NPs, since their size and surface area favor entrance and accumulation in the body, which can induce toxic effects. In previous studies, ZnO NPs have been identified as a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic inducer in testis and male germ cells. However, the consequences for the first cell stage of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia, have never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs in spermatogonia cells, focusing on changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton. For that purpose, GC-1 cell line derived from mouse testes was selected as a model of spermatogenesis. These cells were treated with different doses of ZnO NPs for 6 h and 12 h. The impact of GC-1 cells exposure to ZnO NPs on cell viability, cell damage, and cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics was assessed. Our results clearly indicate that higher concentrations of ZnO NPs have a cytotoxic effect in GC-1 cells, leading to an increase of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, DNA damage, cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton dynamics alterations, and consequently cell death. In conclusion, it is here reported for the first time that ZnO NPs induce cytotoxic effects, including changes in cytoskeleton and nucleoskeleton in mouse spermatogonia cells, which may compromise the progression of spermatogenesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals ALK1 as an emerging target for antiangiogenic therapy of cancer

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (26) ◽  
pp. 6999-7006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara I. Cunha ◽  
Kristian Pietras
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Current View ◽  
Type I

Members of the TGF-β family act on many, if not all, cell types within the body, producing diverse and complex cellular outcomes. Activation of the endothelial cell-restricted TGF-β type I receptor ALK1 results from the binding of several different ligands of the TGF-β family, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 9, BMP10, and TGF-β. Mounting genetic, pharmacologic, and histopathologic evidence supports a critical role for ALK1 signaling in regulation of both developmental and pathologic blood vessel formation. However, the precise function of TGF-β family signaling in endothelial cells is difficult to predict and appears highly context dependent because of the multitude of ligands and receptors influencing the final outcome. Pharmacologic inhibitors of ALK1 have recently been developed and will allow for more accurate studies of ALK1 function in vivo, as well as for assessment of ALK1 as a target for suppression of angiogenesis during tumor development. Herein, we will summarize the current view of ALK1 regulation of endothelial cell phenotype in vitro and in vivo as well as provide an outlook for the ongoing clinical trials of ALK1 inhibitors in malignant disease.

scholarly journals Vishaghn Dhoop, Nano-Scale Particles with Detoxifying Medicinal Fume, Exhibits Robust Anti-Microbial Activities: Implications of Disinfection Potentials of a Traditional Ayurvedic Air Sterilization Technique

2022 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110688
Author(s):  
Acharya Balkrishna ◽  
Swami Yagyadev ◽  
Swami Vipradev ◽  
Kanchan Singh ◽  
Yash Varshney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Real Life ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Slow Combustion

The rapidly increasing global burden of healthcare associated infections (HAI) is resulting in proportionate increase in chemical disinfection in healthcare settings, adding an extra burden of environmental toxicity. Therefore, alternative disinfection techniques with less or no adverse side-effects need to be explored. In this regard, ayurvedic ‘ dhoopan’ technique involving slow combustion of medicinal herbs, minerals and animal products hold great promise. In this study, dhoopan of a traditionally defined ayurvedic medicinal mix, ‘Vishaghn Dhoop’ (VD) has been assessed for its anti-microbial potentials against both Gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria, Mycobacterium and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. Fume generated from slow combustion of VD was subjected to physico-chemical characterization and was assessed for anti-microbial effects. VD fume contained particles of 354 ± 84 nm size, laden with anti-microbial metabolites. On agar plates, VD fumigation reduced bacterial growth by 13 - 38%. Liquid culture aeration with VD fume inhibited bacterial growth by 50 - 85%, and fungal growth by 80%. In real life settings (in vivo), un-sanitized rooms fumigated with VD fumes for 30 min reduced the environmental microbial loads by 10 folds. In addition, the safety of VD fumigation was evaluated through in vitro cytotoxicity assay on human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Cells exposed to media-collected VD fumes for 24 h exhibited normal cyto-safety profile. Collectively, these observations provide scientific evidence in support of a traditional technique of disinfection, which can be fine-tuned to have implications in clinical, healthcare and food industry where, disinfection is a prime requirement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document