scholarly journals Toxicological Behavior of Gold Nanoparticles on Various Models: Influence of Physicochemical Properties and Other Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola B. Adewale ◽  
Hajierah Davids ◽  
Lynn Cairncross ◽  
Saartjie Roux
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Potential Applications

Potential applications of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine have increasingly been reported on account of the ease of synthesis, bioinert characteristics, optical properties, chemical stability, high biocompatibility, and specificity. The safety of these particles remains a great concern, as there are differences among toxicity study protocols used. This article focuses on integrating results of research on the toxicological behavior of gold nanoparticles. This can be influenced by the physicochemical properties, including size, shape, surface charge, and other factors, such as methods used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles, models used, dose, in vivo route of administration, and interference of gold nanoparticles with in vitro toxicity assay systems. Several researchers have reported toxicological studies with regard to gold nanoparticles, using various in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo models. The conflicting results concerning the toxicity of gold nanoparticles should thus be addressed to justify the safe use of gold nanoparticles in biomedicine.

Predicting GHS toxicity using RTCA and discrete-time Fourier transform

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650004
Author(s):  
Jiao Chen ◽  
Tianhong Pan ◽  
Tianqing Pu ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
Dorothy Yu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Toxicological Studies

In order to promote the acceptance of cell-based toxicity testings, the accuracy of cytotoxicity test must be determined when compared to in vivo results. Traditional methods of cytotoxicity analysis, such as LC[Formula: see text] (concentration where 50% of the cells are killed) can be problematic since they have been found to vary with time. Technological advances in cytotoxicity testing make it easy to record the dynamic data on changes in cell proliferation, morphology, and damage. To effectively and reasonably analyze the dynamic data, we present a new in vitro toxicity assessed method using the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) which maps the measured cell index from the time domain to the frequency domain. The direct current (DC) component of the DTFT is extracted as a feature which reflects the intensity of cytotoxicity. The smaller the value, the higher the cytotoxicity. Then, a novel toxicity index, as expressed in terms of DC[Formula: see text], is calculated. Results generated with selected test chemicals are compared favorably with data obtained from The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Method (ICCVAM) report concerning the prediction of acute systemic toxicity in rodents. The method can be applied with the standard and high throughput to estimate acute rodent oral toxicity which reduces the number of animals required in subsequent pharmacological/toxicological studies.

scholarly journals How Entanglement of Different Physicochemical Properties Complicates the Prediction of in Vitro and in Vivo Interactions of Gold Nanoparticles

ACS Nano ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 10104-10113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Xu ◽  
Mahmoud G. Soliman ◽  
Xing Sun ◽  
Beatriz Pelaz ◽  
Neus Feliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical Properties

Dosimetry and Radioenhancement Comparison of Gold Nanoparticles in Kilovoltage and Megavoltage Radiotherapy using MAGAT Polymer Gel Dosimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2Apr) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Farahani ◽  
N Riyahi Alam ◽  
S Haghgoo ◽  
M Khoobi ◽  
Gh Geraily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
External Radiotherapy ◽  
Dose Enhancement ◽  
Internal Radiotherapy ◽  
Boost Radiotherapy

Background: Numerous unique characteristics of the nanosized gold, including high atomic number, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility make it one of the most appropriate nanostructures to boost radiotherapy efficacy. Many in-vivo and in-vitro investigations have indicated that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can significantly increase tumor injuries in low kilovoltage radiotherapy. While deep-lying tumors require much higher energy levels with greater penetration power, and investigations carried out in megavoltage energy range show contradictory results.Objective: In this study, we quantitatively assess and compare dose enhancement factors (DEFs) obtained through AuNPs under radiation of Cobalt-60 source (1.25MeV) versus Iridium-192 source (0.380 KeV) using MAGAT gel dosimeter.Material and Methods: MAGAT polymer gel in both pure and combined with 0.2 mM AuNPs was synthesized. In order to quantify the effect of energy on DEF, irradiation was carried out by Co-60 external radiotherapy and Ir-192 internal radiotherapy. Finally, readings of irradiated and non-irradiated gels were performed by MR imaging.Result: The radiation-induced R2 (1/T2) changes of the gel tubes doped with AuNPs compared to control samples, upon irradiation of beams released by Ir-192 source showed a significant dose enhancement (15.31% ±0.30) relative to the Co-60 external radiotherapy (5.85% ±0.14).Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests the feasibility of using AuNPs in radiation therapy (RT), especially in low-energy sources of brachytherapy. In addition, MAGAT polymer gel, as a powerful dosimeter, could be used for 3D visualization of radiation dose distribution of AuNPs in radiotherapy.

Phytochemical, Analytical and Medicinal Studies of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch - A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Simranjeet Singh ◽  
Ragini Bhadouria ◽  
Ravindra Singh ◽  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. Planch (HI) has been used to treat various ailments including obesity, osteoarthritis, arthritis, inflammation, anemia, diabetes etc. To review the major phytochemicals and medicinal properties of HI, exhaustive bibliographic research was designed by means of various scientific search engines and databases. Only 12 phytochemicals have been reported including biologically active compounds like betulin, betulinic acid, epifriedlin, octacosanol, Friedlin, Holoptelin-A and Holoptelin-B. Analytical methods including the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography With Mass Spectral (LC-MS) analysis have been used to analyze the HI. From medicinal potency point of view, these phytochemicals have a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. In the current review, it has been noticed that the mechanism of action of HI with biomolecules has not been fully explored. Pharmacology and toxicological studies are very few. This seems a huge literature gap to be fulfilled through the detailed in-vivo and in-vitro studies.

scholarly journals Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancers In Vitro and In Vivo to Erbium-filtered Orthovoltage X-rays Using Actively Targeted Gold Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Khoo ◽  
Sang Hyun Cho ◽  
Francisco J. Reynoso ◽  
Maureen Aliru ◽  
Kathryn Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Prostate Cancers

scholarly journals Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meijerink ◽  
Jean E. de Oliveira ◽  
Daphne A. van Haarlem ◽  
Guilherme Hosotani ◽  
David M. Lamot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Long Chain

Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.

In Vitro Culture of Human Thyroid Cells: Preliminary Findings on the Role of the Pathological Condition of the Donors

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Francesca Mattioli ◽  
Marianna Angiola ◽  
Laura Fazzuoli ◽  
Francesco Razzetta ◽  
Antonietta Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Predictive Indicator

Although primary cultures of human thyroid cells are used for endocrinological and toxicological studies, until now no attention has been paid toward verifying whether the hormonal conditions to which the gland was exposed in vivo prior to surgery could influence in vitro responses. Our findings suggest that the hormonal situation in vivo cannot be used as a predictive indicator of triiodothyronine and thyroxine release and/or S-phase frequency in vitro, either with or without the addition of bovine thyrotropin.

Biocompatibility of gold nanoparticles: In-vitro and In-vivo study

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 3041-3045
Author(s):  
Rua J. Kadhim ◽  
Esraa H. Karsh ◽  
Zainab J. Taqi ◽  
Majid S. Jabir
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Study

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo applications of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract-mediated gold nanospheres

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Rehman Ullah ◽  
Sumaira Shah ◽  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Sajjad Ali Shah ◽  
Shah Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Surface Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
Plasmon Resonance Peak ◽  
Optical Absorption Peak ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Scattering Spectra ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract The current study was designed to investigate the potential of Euphorbia wallichii shoot extract for reducting Au3+ and stabilizing gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectra of gold nanoparticles showed obvious surface plasmon resonance peak at 548 nm. Microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed spherical dimensions, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectra displayed the strongest optical absorption peak for gold (Au) at 2.1 keV. Dynamic light scattering spectra represent polydispersed mixture with particulate diameter of 2.5–103.2 nm. The IR spectra confirm the potential functional groups of shoot extract responsible for the reduction of Au3+ to gold nanoparticles which exhibit tremendous antibacterial potential of 76.31%, 68.47%, 79.85%, 48.10%, and 65.53% against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively. Gold nanoparticles showed markedly elevated fungicidal potency compared to the shoot extract alone against the tested fungal strains. IC50 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging was 31.52, 18.29, and 15.32 µg/mL at 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction time, respectively. Both shoot extract and nanoparticles revealed 71% mortality at 100 µg/mL, with LD90 values of 310.56 µg/mL. Experimental mice acquired dose-dependent analgesia of 54.21%, 82.60%, and 86.53% when treated with gold nanoparticles at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw. Inhibition of gastrointestinal muscular contraction was 21.16%, 30.49%, and 40.19% in mice feed with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Modified ZnO Quantum Dots and Their In Vitro Photodynamic Tumor Suppressive Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8106
Author(s):  
Tianming Song ◽  
Yawei Qu ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Mingjian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Zno Quantum Dots ◽  
Zno Qds

Despite the numerous available treatments for cancer, many patients succumb to side effects and reoccurrence. Zinc oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) are inexpensive inorganic nanomaterials with potential applications in photodynamic therapy. To verify the photoluminescence of ZnO QDs and determine their inhibitory effect on tumors, we synthesized and characterized ZnO QDs modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The photoluminescent properties and reactive oxygen species levels of these ZnO/PVP QDs were also measured. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to test their photodynamic therapeutic effects in SW480 cancer cells and female nude mice. Our results indicate that the ZnO QDs had good photoluminescence and exerted an obvious inhibitory effect on SW480 tumor cells. These findings illustrate the potential applications of ZnO QDs in the fields of photoluminescence and photodynamic therapy.

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