scholarly journals Examining the Relationship Between Low Birth Weight Occurrence and Passive Measures of Environmental Arsenic by Census Tract in Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022091305
Author(s):  
Maya Scott-Richardson ◽  
Marilyn O’Hara Ruiz ◽  
Rebecca L Smith
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Census Tract ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water

Arsenic is a public health concern because of its widespread distribution and high toxicity, even when doses are small. Low birth weight (LBW) occurrence, birth weights less than 2500 g, may be associated with prenatal exposure of arsenic from environmental factors and consuming contaminated drinking water and food. The objective of this study was to examine whether mothers living in areas of Escambia and Santa Rosa counties with varying levels of background arsenic in surface soil and water were associated with the occurrence of LBW. Inverse distance weight in ArcGIS was used to interpolate arsenic concentrations from environmental samples and estimate arsenic concentrations by census tracts in the two counties. After excluding multiple births and displaced geocoding addresses, birth data were obtained for the years of 2005 (n = 5845), 2010 (n = 5569), and 2015 (n = 5770) from the Bureau of Vital Statistics at the Florida Department of Health to assess temporal differences. Generalized linear models were used to analyze and compare the association between child and maternal demographic information, socioeconomic characteristics, and the environmental estimates of arsenic with LBW. No significant association was found between environmental arsenic concentration and LBW, suggesting that environmental contamination of the pregnant mother’s census tract may not be a useful proxy in assessing risk for LBW.

Ecological analysis of secular trends in low birth weight births and adult height in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1014-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naho Morisaki ◽  
Kevin Yuji Urayama ◽  
Keisuke Yoshii ◽  
S V Subramanian ◽  
Susumu Yokoya
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Adult Height ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Adult Health

BackgroundJapan, which currently maintains the highest life expectancy in the world and has experienced an impressive gain in adult height over the past century, has suffered a dramatic twofold increase in low birth weight (LBW) births since the 1970s.MethodsWe observed secular trends in birth characteristics using 64 115 249 live births included the vital statistics (1969–2014), as well as trends in average height among 3 145 521 adults born between 1969 and 1996, included in 79 surveys conducted among a national, subnational or community population in Japan.ResultsLBW rates exhibited a U-shaped pattern showing reductions until 1978–1979 (5.5%), after which it increased. Conversely, average adult height peaked for those born during the same period (men, 171.5 cm; women, 158.5 cm), followed by a reduction over the next 20 years. LBW rate and adult height showed a strong inverse correlation (men, r=−0.98; women, r=−0.88). A prediction model based on birth and economical characteristics estimated the national average of adult height would continue to decline, to 170.0cm (95% CI 169.6 to 170.3) for men and 157.9cm (95% CI 157.5 to 158.3) for women among those born in 2014.ConclusionsAdult height in Japan has started to decline for those born after 1980, a trend that may be attributed to increases in LBW births over time. Considering the known association between shorter adult height and adverse health outcomes, evidence of population-level decline in adult health due to long-term consequences of increasing LBW births in Japan is anticipated.

Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors of Low Birth Weight in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-248
Author(s):  
Richard Adeleke ◽  
Tolulope Osayomi ◽  
Ayodeji E. Iyanda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Spatial Epidemiology ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Spatial Error ◽  
Geographical Variations

BACKGROUNDLow birth weight (LBW) directly or indirectly accounts for 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths globally, and it has become an issue of serious health concern with Nigeria with one of the highest infant mortality rates (74/1,000) in the world. Despite the severe health impact, little is understood on the geographical differences in maternal socioeconomic and environmental factors that affect LBW across the states in Nigeria.METHODUsing the spatial epidemiological approach, this study examined the geographical variations in LBW and associated risk factors in Nigeria with the aid of spatial statistics.RESULTSThere was a regional LBW corridor in the extreme north with Yobe state with the highest prevalence rate. Maternal educational attainment and acute maternal malnutrition explained 65.4% (ordinary least squares model) and 70.5% (spatial error model, SEM) of the variation in the geographical pattern of LBW.CONCLUSIONLBW remains an issue of serious health concern in Nigeria. The finding of this study would shed more light on the spatial epidemiology of LBW in Nigeria and also guide public health programs in curtailing the high prevalence rate of LBW.RECOMMENDATIONSThe study recommends health education on nutrition in pregnancy and the need to improve health literacy among women so as to check the high LBW prevalence.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIOXIN ON LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN SOUTHERN WEST VIRGINIA BETWEEN 1955 to 1969

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank H Annie ◽  
Chris K Uejio ◽  
Sarah Embrey ◽  
Alfred Tager
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Statistics Registry ◽  
Putnam County

Objective: The effect of low birth weight as a result of dioxin-based exposure has been investigated through the existing literature, but the debate on exact point source and production is still debated. The Monsanto factory located in Nitro, West Virginia produced Agent Orange from 1948 to 1969. Methods: The vital statistics registry from the state of West Virginia of Kanawha county and Putnam county West Virginia. The production of dioxin and 2-4-5T was obtained from the legal files from (Civil Action No. 04-C-465) and the expert witness of Dr. Bruce Bell. In order to understand this relationship a time series analysis was conducted to compare 245T and dioxin and low-birthweight in Kanawha County and Putnam County, West Virginia. Results: The results suggest dioxin within Kanawha county had a suggestive relationship associated with dioxin production and low birthweight from 1948 to 1969 had a suggestive relationship of (p = 0.042). The comparison county of Putnam had no statistically significant relationship between low birthweight and dioxin production (p = 0.203). Agent Orange (2-4-5t) was also considered and measured within the counties of Kanawha and Putnam Counties, within these two counties no statistically significant relationship was observed. Conclusions: In conclusion the association between dioxin and low birthweight still requires more research but this analysis illustrates that there appears to be a suggestive relationship that exists within Kanawha County, West Virginia as related to the production of and effect of the by-product of dioxin.

scholarly journals Associated Factors with Low Birth Weight in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alekaw Sema ◽  
Firehiwot Tesfaye ◽  
Yalelet Belay ◽  
Bezabh Amsalu ◽  
Desalegn Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa

Background. Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a serious public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, 20 million, an estimated 15% to 20% of babies were born with LBW, and, of these, 13% were in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the World Health Assembly targeted to reduce LBW by 30% by the end of 2025, little has been done on and known about LBW. To meet the goal successfully and efficiently, more research studies on the problem are vital. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of LBW in Dire Dawa city, eastern Ethiopia. Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the associated factors of low birth weight in Dire Dawa City, eastern Ethiopia, 2017. Method. A cross-sectional study designed was conducted, and using a systematic sampling technique, 431 mothers who gave birth in the public hospitals in Dire Dawa city from July 01 to August 30, 2018, were selected. Stillbirth and infants with birth defects were excluded from the study. Well-trained data collectors collected the data using a structured questionnaire which was pretested. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied in multivariate logistic regression models, and p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significant. Result. The prevalence of low birth weight was 21%. Not received nutritional counseling during antenatal care (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 4.06), preterm birth (AOR = 18.48, 95% CI: 6.51, 52.42), maternal smoking (AOR = 3.97, 95% CI: 1.59, 9.88), and height of the mother less than 150 cm (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI: 1.07, 11.76) were significantly associated with Low birth weight. Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of low birth weight in the study area. Effective dietary counseling and additional diet, implementing proven strategies to prevent preterm birth and avoid smoking during pregnancy might decrease the low birth weight and then enhance child survival.

Infant Mortality Statistics Do Not Adequately Reflect the Impact of Short Gestation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Jane D. Carver ◽  
Lukas H. Tan ◽  
Robert J. MCDermott ◽  
Howard N. Jacobson ◽  
Kevin M. Sherin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
Underlying Cause Of Death

Objective. To determine the accuracy of National Center for Health Statistics cause-specific infant mortality data. The National Center for Health Statistics compiles these data by applying World Health Organization (WHO) selection rules to death certificate data. The WHO rules arrange medical entities into a hierarchical order and select a single underlying cause of death (ULCD). Design. A comparison was made between ULCD assigned to a cohort of 335 infant death certificates by (1) a neonatologist panel, and (2) application of WHO selection rules by the Florida State Office of Vital Statistics (OVS). Results. Among the 146 infants with birth weights 1500 to 4649 g, agreement between neonatologists and OVS was 88%, while among the 189 infants with birth weights 0 to 1499 g (very low birth weight), agreement was just 41%. Neonatologists selected short gestation as the underlying cause of death for 82% of very low birth weight infant records, vs 25% by OVS. Due to the application of specific WHO selection rules, OVS frequently selected immediate causes of death, such as "cardiac arrest," as the ULCD, even when the medical certifier had indicated short gestation as the ULCD. In vital statistics reports, many of these immediate causes are reported as "other respiratory conditions of newborn," or "all other perinatal conditions." Conclusion. WHO ULCD selection rules should be modified to allow short gestation to have a higher priority over immediate causes of infant death.

scholarly journals Effect of Women’s Decision-Making Autonomy on Infant’s Birth Weight in Rural Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpana Sharma ◽  
Manzur Kader
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition

Background. Low birth weight (LBW), an outcome of maternal undernutrition, is a major public health concern in Bangladesh where the problem is most prominent. Women’s decision-making autonomy is likely an important factor influencing maternal and child health outcomes. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of women’s decision-making autonomy on infant’s birth weight (BW). Methods. The study included data of 2175 enrolled women (14–45 years of age) from the Maternal and Infant Nutritional Intervention in Matlab (MINIMat-study) in Bangladesh. Pearson’s chi-square test, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and logistic regression analysis were applied at the collected data. Results. Women with lowest decision-making autonomy were significantly more likely to have a low birth weight (LBW) child, after controlling for maternal age, education (woman’s and her husband’s), socioeconomic status (SES) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0, 1.8). BW was decreased significantly among women with lowest decision making autonomy after adjusting for all confounders. Conclusion. Women’s decision-making autonomy has an independent effect on BW and LBW outcome. In addition, there is a need for further exploration to identify sociocultural attributes and gender related determinants of women decision-making autonomy in this study setting.

scholarly journals Maturation of digestive function is retarded and plasma antioxidant capacity lowered in fully weaned low birth weight piglets

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Michiels ◽  
Maartje De Vos ◽  
Joris Missotten ◽  
Anneke Ovyn ◽  
Stefaan De Smet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

The digestive function of low birth weight (LBW) pigs post-weaning has been poorly studied. Therefore, newborns from eleven hyperprolific sows were weighed, weaned at 27·2 d and fed a starter diet until sampling. Sampling was done between 18 and 28 d post-weaning. An LBW piglet (n19) was defined as a piglet having a birth weight less than 1 kg and less than the lower quartile of litter birth weights. Normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (n13) were having a birth weight close to the mean litter birth weight. For each piglet, eighty-eight variables were determined. Data were analysed with linear models with type of piglet and litter as predictors. A principal component analysis was performed to determine the most important discriminating variables. In the LBW pig, the development of the digestive tract post-weaning was delayed: lower small-intestinal weight:length ratio due to a thinner tela submucosa and tunica muscularis and a higher secretory capacity, both in the distal jejunum. These observations might be a consequence of lower circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations (126 (se10·0)v. 158 (se12·0) ng/ml for LBW and NBW, respectively) and a lower density of IGF-1 receptors in the proximal small intestine. Additionally, the plasma antioxidant capacity was lower for the LBW pig. Taken together, in the LBW piglet, the normal gut maturation post-weaning was retarded and this did not seem to be related to the weaning transition as such.

scholarly journals Time-Homogeneous Markov Process for Low Birth Weight Progression under Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Michael Fosu Ofori ◽  
Stephen Boakye Twum ◽  
Osborne A. Y. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Homogeneous Markov Process ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
The Mean ◽  
State 1

Background: Low birth weight incidence is quite high in the sub region, which has a public health concern. The weight of a baby at birth has dire consequences on the child as an infant, in childhood and as an adult. Methods: The aim of this study was to explore and examine the spread and gravity of incidence of low birth weight by using a multi-state model to understand low birth weight progression. This study utilised data by Ghana Statistical Service from Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey conducted in 2011 to monitor progress of children and women. Results: The multi-state Markov model dealt into the low birth weight transitions and severity under three treatments where transition intensities, transition probabilities and the mean sojourn times were estimated which show that low birth weight children tend to spend less time in bad states than in good states. Conclusion: Generally, the survival of a low birth weight child in future time decreases from state 1 to state 4, hence treatment must be applied on time.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF SEVERE ANAEMIA AMONG ANTENATAL WOMEN ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN MANIPUR

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Namoijam Basanti ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Romita Devi* ◽  
Ningombam Joenna Devi ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Shugeta Devi ◽  
Shugeta Devi Tutor Community Medicine Thangjam Netajini Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Post Partum Haemorrhage

Introduction: WHO defines anaemia in pregnancy as haemoglobin <11gm/dl and severe anaemia as haemoglobin < 7gm/dl.Anaemia is a major health concern during pregnancy particularly for the developing countries like India. Not many studies have been done so far regarding this health issue in this part of the country.Hence,this study was done to estimate the magnitude of the problem with focus on severe anemia. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women attending JNIMS Hospital, Manipur and classify the grades of anaemia and determine the factors leading to anaemia and study the outcomes of severely anaemic patients. Materials and methods: A prospective, hospital-based study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (JNIMS),Porompat,from August 2017 to April 2019 among pregnant women in second and third trimesters in a 20 months' duration,in a twice weekly survey,recruitment was done on all eligible women attending Obstetrics and Gynecology OPD, JNIMS using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. Haemoglobin was measured using colorimetry method. All the very severely anaemic study-subjects were followed up for any interventions given and the pregnancy outcome until discharged alive or death. Data was analysed by SPSS version 20. Mean, standard deviation, Chi square test etc. were used for analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional ethics committee. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 30.8%; mild anaemia was found in 288(17.9%), moderate in 124 (7.8%) and severe anaemia was 82 (5.1%). Severe anaemia was found to be significantly associated with age group 34 years and above, Muslim community, rural residence, being illiterate, ANC less than three times, never taken supplemental iron,with increasing gravida and booking ANC visit after 12 weeks.Blood transfusion was given to 62 out of 82 (75.6%) patients and 20 patients (24.3%) received parenteral iron. Six patients (7.3%) had associated preeclampsia, 3 (3.6%) had ante-partum haemorrhage, and 4 (4.8%) had associated post-partum haemorrhage. There were 6 (7.3%) intrauterine deaths,10 preterm deliveries (12.1%),and 7 low birth weight babies (8.5%). There was one maternal mortality with the baby in utero. Conclusion: Almost around a third of the pregnant women suffered from anaemia with a sixth of them having severe anaemia.Three fourths of the pregnant women having severe anaemia received blood transfusion. Severe anemia was associated with pre-eclampsia, ante-partum haemorrhage and post-partum haemorrhage, intra-uterine deaths, preterm deliveries, low birth weight and maternal mortality. Regular antenatal checkups, adequate intake of iron and folic acid tablets and proper age at the time of pregnancy should be encouraged.

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