Use of self-report outcome measures in an acute inpatient CAMHS setting

Outcome measures are increasingly being used to index change in service users’ presentation. However, within Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), these raise questions around what should be measured, who should be asked to rate outcome and what constitutes progress. This study sought to audit the value of two self-report measures within the inpatient adolescent setting. An admission sample of 67 young people completed the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) and Young Person’s Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (YP CORE), with clinicians completing the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA). A follow-up dataset consisted of 20 young people who completed the measures on two occasions, with clinician ratings completed on admission and discharge. The RCADS and YP CORE measures showed discriminant and convergent reliability and appeared to index change in the current inpatient sample of adolescents. Self-report of symptoms and general functioning were closely related. There was little relationship between self-report and clinician ratings, emphasising the importance of collating self-report in addition to clinician ratings.

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The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: A Psychometric Investigation with Australian Youth

Behaviour Change ◽

10.1375/bech.19.2.90 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 90-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Raelene L. de Ross ◽

Eleonora Gullone ◽

Bruce F. Chorpita

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Normative Study ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

AbstractThe Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a 47-item self-report measure intended to assess children's symptoms corresponding to selected DSM-IV anxiety and major depressive disorders. The scale comprises six subscales (e.g., Separation Anxiety Disorder; Social Phobia; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Panic Disorder; Generalised Anxiety Disorder; and Major Depressive Disorder). To date, only one normative study of youth has been published with results providing strong initial support for the reliability and validity of this new measure (Chorpita, Yim, Moffitt, Umemoto, & Francis, 2000). The present investigation provides additional psychometric data derived from an Australian sample comprising 405 youth aged 8 to 18 years. In general, the data were found to be consistent with those reported in the initial normative study. Internal consistency for the overall scale and its subscales was found to be adequate. Good convergent validity was demonstrated through moderate to strong correlations between the subscales of the RCADS with scores on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Confirmatory factor analysis suggested reasonable fit for the six-factor model by Chorpita et al. (2000). Notwithstanding the need for additional validation, it is concluded that the RCADS is a promising instrument for use in both clinical and research settings.

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Adapting a Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale for rural India: a pilot, amenable to scale up.

10.31234/osf.io/25pnr ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Kasturi Haldar

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Scale Up ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Population Level ◽

National Language ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Field Workers

*Abstract. *Education is an important cornerstone of economic developmentin India. Mental health critically impacts education but its comprehensiveassessment at a population level, especially in children in rural areaspresents significant challenges. Mental health problems areunder-recognized in the community and the clinic. Assessment by clinicalpractitioners requires specialized expertise which (for both logistical andcost reasons) are not amenable to scale-up. Diversity in languages,cultures and variation in levels of literacy further compounds the problem.Consequently, despite universal recognition that mental health isimportant, tools to measure its overall prevalence at scale are limited.Here we report adaptation of a robust, internationally validated, mentalhealth assessment scale, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale(RCADS) into Hindi, the national language, spoken by the largest number ofIndians. First RCADS in Urdu1 was translated to Hindi (since spoken Urdu isclose to Hindi). In addition, iterative steps of field adaptation andtraining enabled conversion from self-report to a questionnaire-survey(qaRCADS-H) to facilitate inclusion of illiterate respondents and improvethe overall accuracy and acceptance of the tool. Pratham EducationalFoundation-ASER Center field workers administered qaRCADS-H as a homeinterview/survey in a largely agrarian village where in 2011 the Censusreported 35% illiteracy2. Over a period of three weeks, fourcollege-educated field workers with prior survey experience, targeted 115households with children of which 110 agreed, resulting in participation of130 children 10-17 years of age. Our findings are discussed in context ofscaling and sensitization needed to effectively assess mental healthprevalence in a vulnerable group in large regions of India.

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Structure, Reliability, Measurement Stability, and Construct Validity of the Polish Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191117711019 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 1492-1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilona Skoczeń ◽

Radosław Rogoza ◽

Marta Rogoza ◽

Chad Ebesutani ◽

Bruce Chorpita

Keyword(s):

Construct Validity ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Community Sample ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Time Data ◽

Polish Version

The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders in children. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the RCADS. Study 1 was conducted to analyze the structural validity and reliability of the RCADS scores and Study 2 assessed the longitudinal measurement of stability over time. Data were collected from a community sample of 501 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years in Poland. The original 47-item version of the Polish RCADS was compared with two shortened versions: 30- and 20-item versions. Overall results revealed support for the structural and construct validity, reliability, and stability of the Polish version of the RCADS.

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Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale−30 (RCADS-30) in clinical and non-clinical samples

Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica ◽

10.5944/rppc.vol.22.num.3.2017.19332 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jose Antonio Piqueras ◽

David Pineda ◽

María Martin-Vivar ◽

Bonifacio Sandín

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Abstract: The 30-item shortened version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) is a self-report instrument to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and construct validity of the RCADS-30, based on a sample of children and adolescents in clinical and community settings. Results provide evidence for (a) the six factors of the scale (separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and major depressive disorder), (b) reliability (alpha and omega), and (c) convergent and discriminant validity against self-report and clinical interview criteria. The RCADS-30 demonstrated sound psychometric properties and that it is a suitable instrument to assess depression and anxiety disorder symptoms. Based on established cut-off scores, the scale also showed adequate capacity to differentiate emotional disorders from other mental disorders or the absence of diagnosis.Resumen: Análisis factorial confirmatorio y propiedades psicométricas de la Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) en muestras clínicas y no clínicas. La versión abreviada de 30 ítems de la Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30) es un instrumento de autoinforme para evaluar síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos. Este estudio examinó la estructura factorial, la fiabilidad y la validez de constructo de la RCADS-30 en una muestra de niños y adolescentes procedentes de muestras clínicas y comunitarias. Los resultados aportan evidencia sobre (a) los seis factores de la escala (trastorno de ansiedad de separación, trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, trastorno de pánico, fobia social, trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, y trastorno depresivo mayor), (b) fiabilidad (alfa y omega), y (c) validez convergente y discriminante sobre autoinformes y entrevista clínica. La RCADS-30 demostró poseer buenas propiedades psicométricas y ser adecuada para evaluar los síntomas de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos. Sobre la base de puntos de corte establecidos, la escala mostró adecuada capacidad para diferenciar los trastornos emocionales de otros problemas mentales o la ausencia de diagnóstico.

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Denial: Predictor of Outcome following Coronary Bypass Surgery

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine ◽

10.2190/8dc9-n2en-69qb-7gtn ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

David G. Folks ◽

Arthur M. Freeman ◽

Roberta S. Sokol ◽

A. Hal Thurstin

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Psychosocial Adjustment ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Coronary Bypass ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychological Outcome ◽

Cabg Surgery ◽

Adjustment To Illness ◽

Negative Relationships

Using a modified version of the Hackett-Cassem denial scale we measured preoperative denial in 121 patients scheduled for CABG surgery. A significant inverse relationship was found between the denial scale and Hamilton Anxiety measures four days postoperatively ( p < .02). Longitudinal assessments were carried out using the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory (SSAI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (Zung SDS) and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). Six months following the surgery, significant negative relationships between denial and these self-report outcome measures were observed as follows: denial and SSAI ( p < .001), denial and Zung SDS ( p < .01), and denial and PAIS ( p < .01). However, the same analysis at twelve months showed no statistically significant correlations between denial and these psychologic outcome measures. Our findings suggest that denial serves as an adaptive mechanism, especially in the immediate postoperative period. Furthermore, higher levels of denial may be predictive of improved psychologic outcome for up to six months following surgery. Subsequently, however, other events, unrelated to the surgery, may be of greater importance than preoperative denial in determining psychological outcome from CABG surgery.

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The French Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in a Nonclinical Sample

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000158 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Martine Bouvard ◽

Anne Denis ◽

Jean-Luc Roulin

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Anxiety Disorder ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

French Version ◽

Confirmatory Factor

This article investigates the psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). A group of 704 adolescents completed the questionnaires in their classrooms. This study examines potential confirmatory factor analysis factor models of the RCADS as well as the relationships between the RCADS and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-Revised (SCARED-R). A subsample of 595 adolescents also completed an anxiety questionnaire (Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, FSSC-R) and a depression questionnaire (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Confirmatory factor analysis of the RCADS suggests that the 6-factor model reasonably fits the data. All subscales were positively intercorrelated, with rs varying between .48 (generalized anxiety disorder-major depression disorder) and .65 (generalized anxiety disorder-social phobia/obsessive-compulsive disorder). The RCADS total score and all the RCADS scales were found to have good internal consistency (> .70). The correlations between the RCADS subscales and their SCARED-R counterparts are generally substantial. Convergent validity was found with the FSSC-R and the CES-D. The study included normal adolescents aged 10 to 19. Therefore, the findings cannot be extended to children under 10, nor to a clinical population. Altogether, the French version of the RCADS showed reasonable psychometric properties.

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Internalisierende Symptome bei depressiven Jugendlichen

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000206 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 11-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manuela Gander ◽

Anna Buchheim

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Depression ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Self Report ◽

Probability Scale ◽

Youth Self Report ◽

Aggressives Verhalten ◽

Soziale Probleme ◽

Suicide Probability Scale ◽

Körperliche Beschwerden ◽

Angst Und Depressivität

Fragestellung: Um die Effektivität von Lehrerausbildungsprogrammen zu verbessern, ist es wichtig die unterschiedlichen Manifestationsformen der Depression bei jugendlichen Schüler und Schülerinnen gründlicher zu analysieren. Diese Studie untersucht die Ausprägung und Häufigkeit internalisierender Auffälligkeiten bei Jugendlichen mit depressiver Symptomatik und deren Zusammenhang zu einem erhöhten Suizidrisiko. Methodik: Mit dem Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-2, dem Youth Self-Report und dem Suicide Probability Scale wurden 403 Jugendliche an österreichischen allgemeinbildenden höheren Schulen (212 Mädchen und 191 Buben) im Alter zwischen 16 und 18 Jahren untersucht. Ergebnisse: 35 %, also über ein Drittel der Jugendlichen mit depressiven Symptomen, liegen zwar im internalisierend auffälligen Bereich, jedoch zeigen sie keine Auffälligkeiten im externalisierenden Bereich. Anhand der Regressionsanalyse zeigte sich, dass im internalisierenden Bereich insbesondere körperliche Beschwerden, Angst und Depressivität ausgeprägt sind. Neben diesen deuten aber auch Aufmerksamkeitsprobleme und schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten auf eine depressive Symptomatik hin. Hinsichtlich des Suizidrisikos sind Depressivität, Angst, schizoid zwanghaftes Verhalten, soziale Probleme und aggressives Verhalten prädiktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studienergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit bereits bestehenden Studien zur Erkennung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im schulischen Kontext diskutiert. Durch die Integration der Ergebnisse in Aus- und Fortbildung von Lehrpersonen soll eine Sensibilisierung auf den Bereich depressiver Jugendlicher mit internalisierenden Symptomen ermöglicht und die Identifikation erleichtert werden.

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Psychometric Properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000090 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 51-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anna Ogliari ◽

Simona Scaini ◽

Michael J. Kofler ◽

Valentina Lampis ◽

Annalisa Zanoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Social Phobia ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Child Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Public Performance ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

The Social ◽

General Populations

Reliable and valid self-report questionnaires could be useful as initial screening instruments for social phobia in both clinical settings and general populations. The present study investigates the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory for Children (SPAI-C) in a sample of 228 children from the Italian general population aged 8 to 11. The children were asked to complete the Italian version of the SPAI-C and the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that social phobia can be conceptualized as a unitary construct consisting of five distinct but interrelated symptom clusters named Assertiveness, General Conversation, Physical/Cognitive Symptoms, Avoidance, and Public Performance. Internal consistency of the SPAI-C total scores and two subscales was good; correlations between SPAI-C total scores and SCARED total scores/subscales ranged from moderate to high (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, for social phobia), with the SCARED Social Phobia subscale as the best predictor of SPAI-C total scores. The results indicate that the SPAI-C is a reliable and sensitive instrument suitable for identifying Social Phobia in the young Italian general population.

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