Men’s psychiatric distress in context: Understanding the impact of masculine discrepancy stress, race, and barriers to help-seeking

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532097764
Author(s):  
Danielle S Berke ◽  
Madalyn Liautaud ◽  
Madeleine Tuten
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
White Men ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Help Seeking Attitudes ◽  
Psychiatric Distress ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Race Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

This study examined perceived barriers to help-seeking as mechanisms by which masculinity may generate risk for psychiatric distress in men. An online sample of 558 men completed self-report measures of masculine discrepancy stress (i.e. distress about one’s perceived gender nonconformity), barriers to help-seeking, and psychiatric distress. A significant indirect effect of masculine discrepancy stress on psychiatric distress emerged through perceived barriers to help-seeking; notably, this effect was stronger among Men of Color (vs White men). The promotion of optimal psychiatric functioning in men may necessitate interventions that target the effects of masculine socialization and race-related stress on help-seeking attitudes.

The Impact of Universal Suicide-Prevention Programs on the Help-Seeking Attitudes and Behaviors of Youths

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Klimes-Dougan ◽  
David A. Klingbeil ◽  
Sarah J. Meller
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Universal Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs ◽  
The Impact

Background: While the ultimate goal of adolescent suicide-prevention efforts is to decrease the incidence of death by suicide, a critical intermediary goal is directing youths toward effective sources of assistance. Aim: To comprehensively review the universal prevention literature and examine the effects of universal prevention programs on student’s attitudes and behaviors related to help-seeking. Method: We systematically reviewed studies that assessed help-seeking outcomes including prevention efforts utilizing (1) psychoeducational curricula, (2) gatekeeper training, and (3) public service messaging directed at youths. Of the studies reviewed, 17 studies evaluated the help-seeking outcomes. These studies were identified through a range of sources (e.g., searching online databases, examining references of published articles on suicide prevention). Results: The results of this review suggest that suicide-prevention programming has a limited impact on help-seeking behavior. Although there was some evidence that suicide-prevention programs had a positive impact on students’ help-seeking attitudes and behaviors, there was also evidence of no effects or iatrogenic effects. Sex and risk status were moderators of program effects on students help-seeking. Conclusions: Caution is warranted when considering which suicidal prevention interventions best optimize the intended goals. The impact on adolescents’ help-seeking behavior is a key concern for educators and mental-health professionals.

scholarly journals Previous experience with depression in others and self: a cross-sectional study of the impact on stigma and help-seeking attitudes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgínia da Conceição ◽  
Inês Rothes ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Kathy Griffiths ◽  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Help Seeking Attitudes ◽  
Personal Stigma ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundStigma has been considered a significant barrier both in treatment, rehabilitation and help-seeking behaviours of people diagnosed with depression. This study aimed to validate the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) to the Portuguese population, to assess the influence of the type of previous experience with depression on the levels of depression stigma, identifying depression stigma predictors in each type of previous experience with depression and to analyse the effects of stigma on help-seeking attitudes.MethodsA total of 1693 participants with a mean age of 47.2 (SD=18.17) completed the DSS, the Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Participants were categorised into four comparison groups: no previous experience with depression (n=479), indirect experience with depression (n=661), direct experience with depression (n=137), and both direct and indirect experience with depression (n=416). We performed data analysis using SPSS 24.0.ResultsThe DSS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Levels of personal stigma were lower in people who had family and friends experiencing depression in comparison with individuals with no history of depression experience. Better attitudes towards help-seeking were evident in those with lower personal stigma and worse help-seeking attitudes were associated with higher perceived stigma in the indirect previous experience group.LimitationsThere were some differences in the socio-demographic characteristics across groups and no data were collected on the duration of participant exposure to depression.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the validity of DSS in the Portuguese population. The individual’s experience with depression influences the development of personal stigmatising beliefs and attitudes towards depression and plays a role in help-seeking behaviours. Addressing people’s experience of depression might be a practical way of reducing depression stigma and improve help-seeking behaviours.FundingFunding for this study was provided by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 223138. The funding partner had no role in the design of the study; in the data collection; in the analyses and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

scholarly journals Human Error: The Impact of Job Insecurity on Attention-Related Cognitive Errors and Error Detection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2427
Author(s):  
Lara Christina Roll ◽  
Oi-ling Siu ◽  
Simon Y.W. Li ◽  
Hans De Witte
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Work-related stress is a major contributor to human error. One significant workplace stressor is job insecurity, which has been linked to an increased likelihood of experiencing burnout. This, in turn, might affect human error, specifically attention-related cognitive errors (ARCES) and the ability to detect errors. ARCES can be costly for organizations and pose a safety risk. Equally detrimental effects can be caused by failure to detect errors before they can cause harm. (2) Methods: We gathered self-report and behavioral data from 148 employees working in educational, financial and medical sectors in China. We designed and piloted an error detection task in which employees had to compare fictitious customer orders to deliveries of an online shop. We tested for indirect effects using the PROCESS macro with bootstrapping (3) Results: Our findings confirmed indirect effects of job insecurity on both ARCES and the ability to detect errors via burnout. (4) Conclusions: The present research shows that job insecurity influences making and detecting errors through its relationship with burnout. These findings suggest that job insecurity could increase the likelihood for human error with potential implications for employees’ safety and the safety of others.

P–475 The mediator role of infertility-related psychological inflexibility in the relationship between infertility-stress domains and psychopathological symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Carolino ◽  
B Monteiro ◽  
M Cunha ◽  
A Galhardo
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Inflexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stress Domains

Abstract Study question Does infertility-related psychological inflexibility play a role in the relationship between infertility-related stress domains and psychopathological symptoms (depression, anxiety)? Summary answer Infertility-related psychological inflexibility mediated the relationship between infertility-related stress domains and depression. There were no effects between infertility-related stress domains and anxiety symptoms. What is known already The emotional impact of infertility may include anxiety and depressive symptoms and these seem to be related to stress. Beliefs about the importance of parenthood (need for parenthood) and rejection of a childfree lifestyle, as well as the impact of infertility in several life areas (social, sexual, and relationship) are conceptually considered two infertility-related stress domains. Although the relationship between infertility-related stress and psychopathological symptoms has been previously recognized, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains undetermined. Psychological inflexibility has been pointed as a core transdiagnostic process contributing to the development and maintenance of several psychological difficulties. Study design, size, duration Cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited through the Associação Portuguesa de Fertilidade (patients’ association). Inclusion criteria were age (18 years or older) and an infertility medical diagnosis. Data were collected online through self-report instruments between June and December 2019. Participants/materials, setting, methods: A sample comprising 287 women pursuing infertility medical treatment (at different stages) completed online a sociodemographic questionnaire, the depression and anxiety subscales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS – 21), the Psychological Inflexibility Scale - Infertility (PIS-I), and the Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI). Descriptive and correlational analyses were computed through SPSS v. 26, and path analyses were estimated in AMOS (v. 24) with bootstrap procedures (2000 samples). Main results and the role of chance Correlation analyses revealed that FPI domains (importance of parenthood and impact on life domains), depressive and anxiety symptoms were significantly and positively associated with PIS-I. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine whether PIS-I mediated the effect of FPI domains on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Paths showing not to be statistically significant were removed. This model showed a good fit to the empirical data: χ2(4) = 1.59, p = .810, CMIN/DF = .40; TLI = 1.00; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA = .00, 95% CI = .00 to .06. The effect of the importance of parenthood on depressive symptoms revealed to be both direct (b = .03; SEb = .01; Z = 2.46; p = .014; β= .15) and partially mediated by the PIS-I (b = .31, 95% CI = .24 to .37, p = .018). The effect of the impact of infertility in several life areason depressive symptoms was fully mediated by PIS-I (b = .15, 95% CI = .10 to .21, p = .008). This model explained 43% of the total variance of depressive symptoms. No significant effects were found for anxiety symptoms. Limitations, reasons for caution Participants were at different stages of their fertility treatment. Data collection was completed online and this tends to recruit participants with more access to online platforms. Results rely on cross-sectional and self-report data. Wider implications of the findings: Results suggest the relevance of targeting processes encompassing psychological inflexibility, such as cognitive fusion, experiential avoidance, conceptualized self, conceptualized past and future, lack of values clarity, and inability to commit with values-driven actions, in psychological interventions designed for women with infertility. Trial registration number N/A.

Parent help-seeking behaviour: Examining the impact of parent beliefs on professional help-seeking for child emotional and behavioural difficulties

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennah Alonso ◽  
Emma Little
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Parent Beliefs ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Behavioural Difficulties ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emotional And Behavioural Difficulties

AbstractFor children experiencing emotional and behavioural difficulties, parents are key gatekeepers to treatment access. However, despite the substantial prevalence of child mental health problems in Australia, there remains a significant disparity between the rate of children requiring treatment and the rate of parents actively seeking professional help for their child. Therefore, an understanding of factors impacting on parents’ help-seeking behaviour is crucial. The current study presents exploratory research examining the impact of parent beliefs on help-seeking behaviour. Specifically, this study aims to explore parent beliefs about (a) barriers to help-seeking (b) parenting ability, and (c) the causes and nature of child difficulties. Participants in this study were a sample of 399 Australian parents of children aged from 4 to 14 years, with each parent completing a series of four structured questionnaires. Results indicated that parents who had not sought help for their child perceived significantly more barriers to help seeking and held significantly stronger beliefs that child emotional and behavioural difficulties are intentional. Results also indicated that as parents’ sense of competence increased, perceived barriers to help seeking decreased. Perceived barriers to help seeking also decreased as parent beliefs that child difficulties are stable decreased. The present study presents several implications for informing effective engagement strategies to improve service utilisation, highlighting directions for future hypothesis-driven research.

scholarly journals Measuring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity in Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Gunnell ◽  
Jennifer Brunet ◽  
Erin K. Wing ◽  
Mathieu Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Reliability

Background:Perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) may contribute to the low rates of moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents. We examined the psychometric properties of scores from the perceived barriers to moderate-to-vigorous PA scale (PB-MVPA) by examining composite reliability and validity evidence based on the internal structure of the PB-MVPA and relations with other variables.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in 2013 from adolescents (N = 507; Mage = 12.40, SD = .62) via self-report scales.Results:Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we found that perceived barriers were best represented as two factors representing internal (e.g., “I am not interested in physical activity”) and external (e.g., “I need equipment I don’t have”) dimensions. Composite reliability was over .80. Using multiple regression to examine the relationship between perceived barriers and moderate-to-vigorous PA, we found that perceived internal barriers were inversely related to moderate-to-vigorous PA (β = -.32, p < .05). Based on results of the analysis of variances, there were no known-group sex differences for perceived internal and external barriers (p < .26).Conclusions:The PB-MVPA scale demonstrated evidence of score reliability and validity. To improve the understanding of the impact of perceived barriers on moderate-to-vigorous PA in adolescents, researchers should examine internal and external barriers separately.

scholarly journals The impact of lockdown stress and loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among university students in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia M. Werner ◽  
Ana N. Tibubos ◽  
Lina M. Mülder ◽  
Jennifer L. Reichel ◽  
Markus Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Medium Increase ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a shutdown of universities in Germany. In a longitudinal design, we compared mental health (depression, anxiety, somatic complaints) of university students in Germany before (June to August 2019) and in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020) and determined the impact of pandemic-related stress and loneliness on students’ mental health in self-report online surveys. We investigated 443 participants (mean age 22.8 years), among them 77% female, and 10.4% medical students. A small increase of depression mean scores was observed (F(1,420) = 5.21; p = .023), anxiety and somatic complaints have not significantly changed. There was a medium increase in loneliness from pre-pandemic scores to the pandemic situation (F(1,423) = 30.56; p < .001). Analyzed with regression analyses, current loneliness and pre-pandemic distress represented the strongest associations with mental health during the pandemic. Additionally, health-related concerns during the pandemic were associated with symptoms of depression [b = 0.21; 95%CI(0.08; 0.34); t = 3.12; p = .002], anxiety [b = 0.07; 95%CI(0.01; 0.12); t = 2.50; p = .013], somatic complaints [b = 0.33; 95%CI(0.18; 0.47); t = 4.49; p < .001], and loneliness [b = 0.10; 95%CI(0.03; 0.17); t = 2.74; p = .006]. Social stress due to the pandemic situation was associated with loneliness [b = 0.38; 95%CI(0.32; 0.45); t = 11.75; p < .001]. The results imply that university students represent a risk group for psychosocial long-term ramifications of the pandemic.

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