Fire hazard assessment with indoor spaces for evacuation route selection in building fire scenarios

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2199754
Author(s):  
Yiquan Song ◽  
Lei Niu ◽  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Information Integration ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Route Selection ◽  
Selection Algorithm ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
Fire Information

A safe and effective evacuation route is important for reducing casualties during building fires, and this topic has been a long-term focus of emergency management. Indoor space is a space within one or multiple buildings consisting of architectural components and is the basis of indoor route analyses. Based on indoor space, an indoor network model is designed that considers fire protection design, spatial matching between fire information and the indoor space, and the passability of the indoor space during a fire. Then, an evacuation route selection algorithm that considers hazard and time is proposed. The key features of the route selection algorithm, which include assessing the fire hazards, evacuation time in each indoor space and parallel computing in the route selection algorithm, are subsequently presented. Finally, taking a gymnasium as an example, case modelling and fire information integration are performed to investigate two fire scenarios and the optimal evacuation routes over time are identified in each scenario.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of Evacuation Routes And Fire Prevention Management On High Rise Buildings (Case Study: Millenium ICT Center, Medan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Novrial ◽  
G. N Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Fire Management ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Fire Prevention Management ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Evacuation Route

In the form of evacuation routes, safety handling must be prioritized especially in high-rise buildings. When the fire occurs, the most important thing apart from extinguishing the fire is to bring the occupants out of the building as soon as possible to prevent any casualties. It is necessary to take effective, efficient and integrated fire hazard prevention measures in a management system so that its implementation and renewal can follow the needs. This is also regulated in building regulations and is technically regulated in the Indonesian National Standard. Shopping center building is for example. Shopping center should put more attention to the accessibility aspects of evacuation routes for users. The scoping study of Millennium ICT Center includes the existence of facilities and infrastructure for evacuation and fire management of buildings, evacuation time of building residents, using descriptive study methods with quantitative analytical, and simulation methods using Rockwell Arena Simulation Software. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of accessibility to facilities, infrastructure, and building fire management of Millennium ICT Center as well as evacuation route travel time meet the requirements, safety and comfort standards of building users.

scholarly journals Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5369
Author(s):  
Rajesh Khatakho ◽  
Dipendra Gautam ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Vishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Rajesh Rupakhety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Urban Fire ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending hazards to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of the natural hazards of varying magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard risk assessment is performed to depict the holistic natural hazards scenario of any particular region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, multi-hazard risk assessments are rarely conducted in Nepal although multiple natural hazards strike the country almost every year. In this study, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and urban fire hazards are used to assess multi-hazard risk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is then integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS). First, flood, landslide, earthquake, and urban fire hazard assessments are performed individually and then superimposed to obtain multi-hazard risk. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley is performed by pair-wise comparison of the four natural hazards. The sum of observations concludes that densely populated areas, old settlements, and the central valley have high to very high level of multi-hazard risk.

Fire Hazard Factors of Residential-Commercial Composite Buildings through Fire Hazard Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1753-1757
Author(s):  
Yang Wei Shao ◽  
Shih Feng Kao ◽  
Neng Chun Yu ◽  
Yu Shiang Wu ◽  
Chi Jan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
In Fire

Although meeting the regulations of the time, early buildings are prone to fire hazards, such as damages to the fire zones, changes of floor entrances and exits, locked emergency exit doors, blocking of entrances and exits by vehicles, increased fire sources, dense population in the buildings, due to insufficient professional knowledge and technology in fire prevention. Once a fire occurs, it can result in major casualties, serious loss of social costs, as well as environmental and social issues. This study investigated 17 major fire cases occurring in residential-commercial composite buildings in the last 20 years in Taiwan. The fire hazard factors were determined based on expert review. The findings can serve as a reference for fire agencies in promoting fire prevention.

scholarly journals 3D Building Evacuation Route Modelling and Visualization

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-2 ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chan ◽  
C. Armenakis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Representation ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
Spatial Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
Hierarchy Process

The most common building evacuation approach currently applied is to have evacuation routes planned prior to these emergency events. These routes are usually the shortest and most practical path from each building room to the closest exit. The problem with this approach is that it is not adaptive. It is not responsively configurable relative to the type, intensity, or location of the emergency risk. Moreover, it does not provide any information to the affected persons or to the emergency responders while not allowing for the review of simulated hazard scenarios and alternative evacuation routes. In this paper we address two main tasks. The first is the modelling of the spatial risk caused by a hazardous event leading to choosing the optimal evacuation route for a set of options. The second is to generate a 3D visual representation of the model output. A multicriteria decision making (MCDM) approach is used to model the risk aiming at finding the optimal evacuation route. This is achieved by using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) on the criteria describing the different alternative evacuation routes. The best route is then chosen to be the alternative with the least cost. The 3D visual representation of the model displays the building, the surrounding environment, the evacuee’s location, the hazard location, the risk areas and the optimal evacuation pathway to the target safety location. The work has been performed using ESRI’s ArcGIS. Using the developed models, the user can input the location of the hazard and the location of the evacuee. The system then determines the optimum evacuation route and displays it in 3D.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF FIRE MITIGATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREA AT JATI SAMPURNA, BEKASI

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Anjas Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
Fire Mitigation ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

During the first quarter of 2019, from January to March 2019 there were 45 fire incidents in the city of Bekasi with losses ranging from Rp. 2,365,000,000 (based on data from the Bekasi City fire dept Service). From 45 events in the city of Bekasi, 3 of them occurred in Jatisampurna sub-district. Based on the type of object 45 events 15 of which are residential houses.With the data above, it can be said that the risk of fire can cause material and immaterial losses and can also cause trauma to fire victims. The importance of knowledge and information on fire hazard mitigation and how mitigation measures against fire hazards need to be conveyed to people who live in densely populated areas where the risk of fire is quite large. Laws or regulations on fire are not yet widely owned by most regions, so there are no special rules that can be covered in relation to fire risk.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SAFETY SYSTEM RELIABILITY KI HADJAR DEWANTARA MAKO KODICLATAL BUILDING TOWARDS FIRE HAZARDS PREVENTION

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Dodiek Alfianzi ◽  
Ikhwan Syahtaria ◽  
Udisubakti Cipto Mulyono ◽  
I Made Jiwa Astika
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Management System ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
A Value ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Fire Prevention Management ◽  
In Fire

Designing a fire prevention inspection system in buildings is very necessary, to determine the level of reliability. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The assessment of the system design is carried out by means of a questionnaire for respondents who understand / are experts in fire problems, and the application of the system design uses direct surveys and questionnaires to the building manager. The assessment is carried out at the smallest level. Analysis of the building reliability inspection system in fire prevention using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the criteria used are: prevention, limitation and extinguishing against fire. The fire prevention management system uses the following criteria: precautionary measures and preventive supervision against fire hazards. The results of the reliability inspection of the Ki Hadjar Dewantara Mako Kodiklatal building in Surabaya with a value of 94.06% indicated that the reliability system was in the "Less Reliable" category for fire hazard prevention.   Keywords: Inspection, fire prevention, reliability.

scholarly journals Collaborative determination of flood shelter and evacuation route in a flooded area in Rumbai Subdistrict, Pekanbaru

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Bambang Sujatmoko ◽  
Rangga Fernando ◽  
Andy Hendri
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Road Materials ◽  
Simulation Parameter ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Evacuation Route

Floods in Pekanbaru City have often hit the region along the Siak river, including the Rumbai subdistrict. Disasters such as floods have detrimental impacts on society, including a massive loss of lives. However, several strategies can minimize the impacts of flooding, including making a plan evacuation route mapping with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This is a planning-based analysis of data using the algorithm djikstra for result pathways for efficient and effective evacuation. The evacuation routes involve seven simulation parameter modeling, specifically flood, length path, wide roads, road conditions, road materials, presence or absence of bridges, and the road’s direction. These parameters are processed using algoritma djikstra to generate the appropriate evacuation routes based on study area conditions. The analysis focuses on one evacuation route in Palas and the other six in Sri Meranti Village. The routes in Palas Village lead to the evacuation place of the Al-Jihad Mosque, while those in Sri Meranti Village heads to Al-Ikhlas Mosque, MDA Aula Rumbai, Nurul Haq Mosque, M Nurul Mosque, vacant land, and Stadium Parking Area.

scholarly journals Few layered Co(OH)2ultrathin nanosheet-based polyurethane nanocomposites with reduced fire hazard: from eco-friendly flame retardance to sustainable recycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3066-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhao Zhang ◽  
Qinghong Kong ◽  
Lingwei Yang ◽  
De-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Polyurethane Nanocomposites

Huge consumption of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) results in two serious challenges for our society: fire hazards and environment pollution.

Assessment of safe fire distances from afforestation to buildings and structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Ирек Равильевич Хасанов ◽  
Станислав Анатольевич Зуев ◽  
Александр Анатольевич Абашкин ◽  
Анна Станиславовна Зуева
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fire ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Value Determination

Проанализированы нормативные требования к противопожарным разрывам от зданий и сооружений до границ лесных насаждений. Рассмотрены особенности лесных пожаров с точки зрения нормирования противопожарных расстояний между объектами защиты. Изучена возможность применения действующих нормативных методов расчета противопожарных разрывов между объектами защиты для определения противопожарных расстояний от зданий и сооружений до лесных насаждений, а также разработаны и обоснованы необходимые рекомендации. Рассмотрен пример расчета для здания, расположенного вблизи леса. The requirements for fire breaks in the Russian Federation are regulated by the regulatory requirements for fire safety. Most of the calculated methods of fire breaks between the objects of protection are based on the value determination of the heat flow transmitted from fire at one of the objects to the combustible materials of the neighbor object. The possibility of calculating the values of fire breaks between buildings and structures is provided in the «Methodology for calculating fire breaks between buildings and structures» (Appendix A of the set of rules SP 4.13130.2013). There are no regulatory requirements for calculating fire distances from forest area to buildings and structures. The relevance of such requirements is due to the development of mass construction in the territories located in the zones of possible spread of forest and other landscape fires. The analysis of the regulatory requirements for fire breaks from buildings and structures to the boundaries of forest area showed that the basic principles for justifying the values of fire distances are related to the types of forest area and the characteristics of the buildings and structures of settlements (fire resistance of buildings, fire hazard of structural elements, etc.). Calculations of fire breaks from forest area to buildings and structures have special features so, when choosing a fire scenario, the main mechanisms of heat transfer, the type of forest vegetation and the type of fire - riding, grassroots or underground - must be taken into account. To apply the provisions of the «Methodology for calculating fire-fighting gaps between buildings and structures» (Annex A of the Set of Rules SP 4.13130.2013) for assessment of fire distances from buildings and structures to the forest area there was developed a set of recommendations and there was given an example of calculation on a specific object. At the same time, the most unfavourable fire scenarios were selected. The calculated dependences of the heat radiation intensity on the distance in case of fire in a residential building and at a forest fire are obtained. Based on the calculation results there were determined the necessary initial data for the development of compensating fire-fighting measures to eliminate the possibility of forest fire spreading to the buildings and structures of the object.

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