Optimisation of hybridised cane wood–palm fruit fibre frictional material

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 2490-2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Achebe ◽  
EN Obika ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
OE Ani
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Frictional Material ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Wood Composition

A brake pad has been developed employing a hybrid of cane wood and palm fruit fibre as filler material. The filler materials were extracted and processed; however, the palm fruit fibre was further treated with NaOH to remove oil remnants. After proper drying, the filler materials were ground and sieved into 150 µm particle size. The experimental design was set up using Central Composite Design in Design Expert software. The design varied the percentage composition of the filler materials and the binder. At constant press time of 8 min, press temperature of 160 ℃ and curing time of 2 h, 20 test samples were produced and tested for mechanical and physical properties. These include hardness, wear rate and water absorption. The Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that both cane wood and palm fruit fibres have active alcohol (O–H) and amine (C–N) functional groups. The experimental results were analysed and optimised using response surface methodology and validated using the analysis of variance tool of the Design Expert software. An optimal 30% resin, 3.48% palm fruit fibre and 6.52% cane wood composition by mass was developed, which gave a product with 98.25 MPa hardness, 4.13 mg/m wear rate and 0.494% water absorption. This result indicated that hybridised cane wood–palm fruit fibre is a good filler material for brake pad production.

Production of Asbestos-free Brake Pad Using Groundnut Shell as Filler Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Solomon ◽  
M. T. Lilly ◽  
J. I. Sodiki
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Groundnut Shell ◽  
The Cost

The development and evaluation of brake pads using groundnut shell (GS) particles as substitute material for asbestos were carried out in this study. This was with a view to harnessing the properties of GS, which is largely deposited as waste, and in replacing asbestos which is carcinogenic in nature despite its good tribological and mechanical properties. Two sets of composite material were developed using varying particle sizes of GS as filler material, with phenolic resin as binder with percentage compositions of 45% and 50% respectively. Results obtained indicate that the compressive strength and density increase as the sieve size of the filler material decreases, while water and oil absorption rates increase with an increase in sieve size of GS particle. This study also indicates that the cost of producing brake pad can be reduced by 19.14 percent if GS is use as filler material in producing brake pad. The results when compared with those of asbestos and industrial waste showed that GS particle can be used as an effective replacement for asbestos in producing automobile brake pad. Unlike asbestos, GS-based brake pads are environmental friendly, biodegradable and cost effective.

Capability of martensitic low transformation temperature welding consumables for increasing the fatigue strength of high strength steel joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-900
Author(s):  
Jonas Hensel ◽  
Arne Kromm ◽  
Thomas Nitschke-Pagel ◽  
Jonny Dixneit ◽  
Klaus Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
Filler Materials

Abstract The use of low transformation temperature (LTT) filler materials represents a smart approach for increasing the fatigue strength of welded high strength steel structures apart from the usual procedures of post weld treatment. The main mechanism is based on the effect of the low start temperature of martensite formation on the stress already present during welding. Thus, compressive residual stress formed due to constrained volume expansion in connection with phase transformation become highly effective. Furthermore, the weld metal has a high hardness that can delay the formation of fatigue cracks but also leads to low toughness. Fundamental investigations on the weldability of an LTT filler material are presented in this work, including the characterization of the weld microstructure, its hardness, phase transformation temperature and mechanical properties. Special attention was applied to avoid imperfections in order to ensure a high weld quality for subsequent fatigue testing. Fatigue tests were conducted on the welded joints of the base materials S355J2 and S960QL using conventional filler materials as a comparison to the LTT filler. Butt joints were used with a variation in the weld type (DY-weld and V-weld). In addition, a component-like specimen (longitudinal stiffener) was investigated where the LTT filler material was applied as an additional layer. The joints were characterized with respect to residual stress, its stability during cyclic loading and microstructure. The results show that the application of LTT consumables leads to a significant increase in fatigue strength when basic design guidelines are followed. This enables a benefit from the lightweight design potential of high-strength steel grades.

Water Absorption, Friction and Wear Behaviors of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Hydroxyapatite

2017 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Munir Tasdemir ◽  
Ozkan Gulsoy
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties

In the present work, the friction and wear properties of Polypropylene (PP) based composites filled with Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were studied. Fillers contents in the PP were 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The effects of hydroxyapatite ratio on the water absorption, friction and wear properties of the polymer composites is presented. The result showed that the addition of HA to the composite changed the water absorption, friction coefficient and wear rate.

Embedding Bio-Filler Materials to Enhance Physical-Mechanical-Thermal Properties of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Nuchnapa Tangboriboon ◽  
Samit Niyasom
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Hyacinth Fiber

At present, waste generation is fast-growing around the world due to the increasing of population. Therefore, recycling end-of life materials for sustainable and cleaner production is becoming a major target worldwide. The recycling waste materials is trend toward for many industries to reduce both the consumption of natural resources and the cost of products while protecting the environment from the harmful effects of waste materials. Adding water hyacinth fiber, banana fiber and eggshell powder can increase physical-mechanical-thermal properties of concrete. Concrete with/without adding 0, 0.02 and 0.05 wt% bio-filler via hydration reaction affects to good physical-mechanical-thermal properties. Especially adding 0.05 wt% eggshell powder into concrete has the highest compressive strength (22.08 ± 0.66 MPa) and lowest water absorption (1.62 ± 0.16 %) better than those of concrete without adding bio-filler. Furthermore, adding 0.05 wt% water hyacinth fiber affects to obtain the highest tensile strength equal to 187.63 ± 28.45 MPa. The obtained concrete added bio-filler samples have potential to be used as a good insulation material and building material due to low density, low water absorption, low price, good mechanical and thermal insulation.

scholarly journals Development of Environmentally Friendly Brake Lining Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
I K. Adi Atmika ◽  
IDG. Ary Subagia ◽  
IW. Surata ◽  
IN. Sutantra
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Brake Lining

Materials commonly used as brake pads are asbestos and alloys, but this material is very dangerous to the environment and health. This research was developed to answer these problems, namely to look for alternative brake pads that have good mechanical and structural properties and are environmentally friendly. Brake lining pads material is made from hybrid composite reinforced basalt, shells, alumina and bound using phenolic resin polymer (PR-51510i). This brake pads material is produced through a sintering process with an emphasis of 2000 kg for 30 minutes at a fixed temperature of 160°C. This hybrid composite is made in as many as five variations, each of which is tested for wear resistance using a pin on disc test based on ASTM G 99-95a standards, while destilled water absorption test was based on ASTM D 570-98. The greatest wear rate is 0.000090 g/cm, which is still lower than wear rate of asbestos brake pad materials, and the highest destilled water absorption of the brake pads specimens obtained was 0.041558 still lower than the destilled water absorption of asbestos brake pads.

A retrofit for asbestos-based brake pad employing palm kernel fiber as the base filler material

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (9) ◽  
pp. 1906-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Achebe ◽  
JL Chukwuneke ◽  
FA Anene ◽  
CM Ewulonu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Automotive Brake

The development of automobile brake pad using locally sourced palm kernel fiber was carried out. Asbestos, a carcinogenic material, has been used for decades as a friction material. This development has thus prompted a couple of research efforts geared towards its replacement for brake pad manufacture. Palm kernel fiber was used as an alternative filler material in conjunction with various quantities of epoxy resin as the matrix. Three sets of compositions were made, and the resulting specimens subjected to physical and mechanical tests using standard materials, procedures, and equipment. The essence is to determine their suitability and hence possible performance in service. The result showed that sample C with 40% palm kernel fiber content having hardness, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, specific gravity, water absorption, and oil absorption of 178 MPa, 96.2 MPa, 1.67 mg/m, 1.8 g/cm3, 1.86%, and 0.89%, respectively, had an optimum performance rating. It was equally ascertained that increase in the filler content had the effect of increase in hardness, wear resistance, and specific gravity of the composite brake pad, while water and oil absorption got decreased when compared with results obtained by other researchers using conventional brake pads made of other friction materials including asbestos. This is an indicator that palm kernel fiber is a possible and effective retrofit for asbestos as a filler material in automotive brake pad manufacture.

scholarly journals Datos histopatológicos para la identificación de una reacción por material de relleno en patología bucal. Revisión bibliográfica y presentación de tres casos / Histopathologic features to identify a filler material reaction in oral pathology. Literature..

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (74) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Celia Sulbarán Prieto ◽  
Jairo Alberto Bustillo Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Body Reaction ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Orofacial Region ◽  
Made In ◽  
Clinical Cases

<strong>ABSTRACT. </strong><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Filler materials injections in orofacial tissues is a practice that grows annually and may be followed by a reaction involved from small inflammatory nodules to large and diffuse granulomas, it’s may develop month or years after de procedure, making it difficult the diagnosis. <strong><em>Objectiv</em></strong><em>e:</em> Identify histopathological features of a reaction to materials filler through a literature review and report three cases in orofacial region. <strong><em>Method:</em> </strong>We made an exhaustive investigation of scientific articles related with filler materials commonly used in orofacial region and clinical cases of foreign body reaction by filler material with emphasis in the histopathological features. The search was made in the database PubMed and Scholar Google from the 2004 - 2015 period. Additionally, we collect three cases diagnosed as foreign body reaction by exogenous material in oral pathology laboratory of Anzoátegui state, Venezuelan. <strong><em>Results:</em> </strong>We found just 10 articles with clinical cases and its histopathological features. Other 3 review articles explain specific characteristics for each filler material. Based on this review, we confirm the 3 cases presented. <strong><em>Conclusions:</em></strong> Few studies describe the histopathological features of a filler material reaction and the kind of material; nevertheless, were synthesized for the confirmation of cases.

scholarly journals Optimization Tile Waste Treatment as Pozzoland Active Material on Paving Block with Variation Parameter of Fuel Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04015
Author(s):  
Nanin Meyfa Utami ◽  
Dwi Nurtanto ◽  
Rossi Nain Nopan Juwari
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Cement Powder ◽  
Variation Parameter

The abundance of tile waste is used as a material innovation in the manufacture of concrete and paving. However, the results of research done by new researchers mostly only as filler material. The paving block which was added as a cement powder substitution material decreased compressive strength along with the tile waste percentage addition (Ridwan, 2017). Thus, researchers try to optimize tile waste treatment before being used in the paving blocks with raise the fuel temperature up to 900°C to obtain more amorphous pozzoland. Waste tile contains SiO?, CaAl?Si?O8, Fe?O ? and Mg? (SiO 4) on the testing of XRD so compliant as pozzoland material. This research used powder waste as a material of cement substitution with 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of cement weight with variation of fuel temperature 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C and 900°C. The results showed that by increasing the fuel temperature up to 900°C compressive strength increased by 5.9% and water absorption decreased by 14.5%. However, by increasing the percentage of tile waste, compressive strength decreased up to 7.2%. Testing is supported by the SEM results wich indicate that the greater percentage used then the paving surface is also more hollow.

Characteristics of Tribolayers Observed in A356 Al Alloy — SiCP Composite Discs/Brake Pad During Sliding Wear Tests

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Shivamurthy ◽  
M. K. Surappa
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Worn Surface

Tribological characteristics of A356 Al alloy-10 vol. % SiCP composite discs/brake pad has been studied under dry sliding conditions at sliding speeds in the range 2 to 5 m/s and at loads in the range 1–3 MPa. In these tests, disc of Al MMCs and pin of friction pad made of polymer based composite were used. Wear rates of Al MMC disc as calculated by weight loss method, found to be negative at high sliding speed and high load. Worn surface of disc has been analyzed using EDAX. SEM analyses of worn surfaces of composite disc infer transfer of material from pin to the disc resulting in the formation of tribolayers. Two types of tribolayers were observed on the worn surface, one having shiny appearance of copper rich layer and other is dark in colour consisting of Mg, S, Fe, Ba, Ca, Si, Cu, In and Al. In the later layers were rich in copper and appear as bright patchy layers under SEM. Coverage of copper rich layers increase all along and across the worn track at a sliding speed of 4 and 5 m/s in the load range 2 to 3 MPa. Atomic percent of copper increase with load and consequently affect the wear rate of disc. EDAX analysis of dark tribo layers on wear track of composite disc show continuous increase in the amount of Cu and Ba with increase in speed and load. Hence, wear rate of composite discs were relatively low under all test conditions. These results clearly indicate composition of friction material having profound influence on the wear rate of Al MMC discs.

scholarly journals Optimization for Tribological Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced PTFE Composites with Grey Relational Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firojkhan Pathan ◽  
Hemant Gurav ◽  
Sonam Gujrathi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Filler Material ◽  
Optimal Input ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Sliding Distance

Most recent history shows that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is widely used as antifrictional materials in industry for wide speed range. A high antifriction property of PTFE makes it suitable for dry friction bearing. Main disadvantage of using PTFE is its high wear rate, so extensive research had been carried out to improve the wear resistance with addition of filler material. This study focuses on four input parameters load, sliding speed, sliding distance, and percentage of glass fiber as a filler material. Taguchi method was used for experimentation; each parameter is having 3 levels with L27 orthogonal array. Grey relational analysis is used to convert multiple response parameters, namely, wear and coefficient of friction, into single grey relation grade. The optimal input parameters were selected based on the S/N ratio. It was observed that load 3 kg, sliding speed 5.1836 m/s (900 rpm), sliding distance 2 km, and 15% of glass fiber are optimal input parameters for PTFE without significantly affecting the wear rate and coefficient of friction.

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