scholarly journals Ritual, narrative and time: Bridging between Durkheim and Ricoeur

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-230
Author(s):  
Andrew McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Social Constitution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Narrative Constitution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ritual Practices

Paul Ricoeur’s theory of the narrative constitution of time and Emile Durkheim’s conception of the ritual construction of time seem, at least on first examination, incommensurable. While their important and influential theories of the social constitution of time are not easily harmonised, it is possible to construct several bridges between the two, such that they may, at least, be brought into conversation with one another (a dialogue Ricoeur himself seemed keen to avoid). While the two theories may be mutually exclusive, if we look at the relationship between ritual and narrative, we find unexpected points of possible convergence where bridges may be built. We find that ritual and narrative are themselves not entirely distinct from one another and even sometimes difficult to disentangle. Furthermore, narratives of the past require the calendar (itself owing much to its ritual heritage) to provide a structure for, and a way of marking, the flow of time. Conversely, ritual practices often act as carriers of narrative, assisting the transmission of narratives from generation to generation.

scholarly journals Metapragmatic stereotypes about geographical diversity in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-154
Author(s):  
Dimitris Papazachariou ◽  
Anna Fterniati ◽  
Argiris Archakis ◽  
Vasia Tsami
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
School Location ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Over the past decades, contemporary sociolinguistics has challenged the existence of fixed and rigid linguistic boundaries, thus focusing on how the speakers themselves define language varieties and how specific linguistic choices end up being perceived as language varieties. In this light, the present paper explores the influence of metapragmatic stereotypes on elementary school pupils’ attitudes towards geographical varieties. Specifically, we investigate children’s beliefs as to the acceptability of geographical varieties and their perception of the overt and covert prestige of geographical varieties and dialectal speakers. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between the children’s specific beliefs and factors such as gender, the social stratification of the school location and the pupils’ performance in language subjects. The data of the study was collected via questionnaires with closed questions. The research findings indicate that the children of our sample associate geographical varieties with rural settings and informal communicative contexts. Moreover, children recognize a lack of overt prestige in geographical variation; at the same time, they evaluate positively the social attractiveness and the personal reliability of the geographical varieties and their speakers. Our research showed that pupils’ beliefs are in line with the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes which promote language homogeneity.

The impact of setting on wine tasting experiments

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-590
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Lewis ◽  
Steve Charters ◽  
Benoît Lecat ◽  
Tatiana Zalan ◽  
Marianna McGarry Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Tasting experiments involving willingness to pay (WTP) have grown over the past few years; however, most of them occur in formal wine-tasting conditions, removed from real-world experience. This study aims to conduct experiments on wine appreciation and willingness to pay in both settings, to allow a comparison of how tasters reached conclusions in different situations. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted two sets of experiments in Dijon, France, with knowledgeable wine drinkers, in 2014 and in 2016, to explore the relationship between wine ratings, WTP and objective characteristics (appellation, labelling and price). The first was in a formal wine-tasting setting (n = 58), and the second in the social setting of a restaurant (n = 52). The experiments involved deception: the tasters were presented with five wines, but in fact only three wines were involved, two of the wines being presented twice. Findings The results from the 2014 study showed that even with a group of experienced tasters, objective characteristics overwhelmed subjective assessment (taste, sensory perception) of the wine. Ratings and WTP were driven by the appellation or brand, labelling and price of the wines. The authors replicated the experiment in a social setting in 2016 which, contrary to their expectations, produced very similar results. In neither experiment did the experienced tasters detect the deception. Research limitations/implications The social setting was a lunch in a restaurant with a group of students who were graduating together. The tasting was conducted by some of their professors, which may have influenced the results and raises questions about whether the setting was truly ‘social’. The sample size for the experiments was comparatively small and further research, including novice and expert tasters, might contradict these findings, or at least add nuances to them. Originality/value The study finds that, contrary to expectations, in the social wine consumption setting of a restaurant meal enjoyed with colleagues, objective wine characteristics over-rode subjective appreciation of the wine.

Collective Memory

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emile Durkheim ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Memory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Monuments And Memorials ◽  
The Relationship

Collective memory encompasses both the shared frameworks that shape and filter ostensibly “individual” or “personal” memories and representations of the past sui generis, including official texts, commemorative ceremonies, and physical symbols such as monuments and memorials. Sociological work on collective memory traces its origins to Émile Durkheim and his student, Maurice Halbwachs. In the United States, the contemporary sociology of memory coalesced in the 1980s and 1990s, after Barry Schwartz brought renewed attention to Durkheim’s focus on commemoration as well as Halbwachs’s interest in how the past is reconstructed in the present, in the service of present needs, interests, and desires. Though this line of research initially emphasized heroic pasts—particularly national commemorations that bolstered state legitimacy with reference to triumphant episodes—scholars quickly began to address the ways that collectivities grapple with “difficult pasts,” or episodes that evoke shame, regret, and/or dissensus, and that threaten to “spoil” national identity. What is the relationship between memory and forgetting, and related concepts such as silence and denial? Can the increasingly pervasive language of “trauma” help us understand the current preoccupation with difficult pasts in both scholarly literature and public culture? More recently, scholars have critiqued the field’s overwhelming focus on national memory from two angles. First, studies of micro-level memories have revived Halbwachs’s initial interest in the social frameworks that structure (seemingly) individual memories. Second, globalization facilitates connectedness and identification beyond and/or outside of national frames of reference, and thus scholars have pointed to the emergence of “cosmopolitan” memories that create community and solidarity beyond and outside formal political borders.

scholarly journals Opera and the anthropologist: An odd couple?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Vlado Kotnik
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Michel Leiris ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biographical Account ◽  
The Relationship

The discussion starts with a mere statement of fact which also denotes the relationship between opera and anthropology: on one hand opera is a quite new and " exotic" topic for anthropologists, on the other anthropology is still perceived as a very strange and unusual approach to opera. The author establishes many reasons and endeavors which suggest that opera and anthropology no longer need to be alien to each other. If social or cultural anthropologists did not go to the opera very often in the past, this has certainly changed. The article thus introduces the work of six anthropologists whose personal and professional affinity for opera has been undoubtedly explicated in their academic and biographical account: Claude Lévi-Strauss, Michel Leiris, William O. Beeman, Denis Laborde, Paul Atkinson, and author’s opera research. The primary aim of this article is to show that anthropology can say something about the social and cultural phenomenon that throughout the last four hundred years significantly influenced and reflected the identity of Western culture.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Content Used, Time Spent and Cyberbullying on Social Media with Social Skills

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Zakiah Megat Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Shamsul Ibrahim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Skills ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Corporate Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Planned Behavior Theory ◽  
The Relationship

Based on the past research, there are still limited studies in proving content used on social media, time spent on social media, cyberbullying contributes to the social skills that are deemed unimportant and irrelevant in Malaysia. Therefore, this study is intended to show the variables do have a relationship with one another, determining each of the objectives in this research is proven right. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour as the main theory to fortify and take the relationships at a greater distance between each variable. Quantitative methods were applied in this study and data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to 181 respondents who were students at Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA pursuing a Diploma in Corporate Communication. Besides, the findings showed a significant relationship between content used on social media, time spent on social media, cyberbullying to behaviour, and the reaction of an individual. Established evidence between variables that are, content used on social media, time spent on social media and cyberbullying is affecting behaviour and reaction of an individual. Hence, this study assisted the field of communication through the establishment of a more comprehensive variable related to the behaviour and reaction of an individual and supported to Planned Behavior Theory.

scholarly journals NATIONALISM, NATION AWARENESS AND PAST IMAGINATION (A REFLECTIONS OF 65 YEAR HISTORY OF INDEPENDENT INDONESIA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Anzar Abdulah
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Allegations are often made ahead of the Proclamation of Independence of Indonesia, among others, is increasingly fading spirit of nationalism among the younger generation. Allegations are not necessarily true, but it has created a stigma in society. It needs to be clarified by outlining the background of the birth of nationalism and nationalism contextualization in conjunction with modern Indonesian society today. Nationalism is a long process of the dialectic between space, time and social groups, as well as the political process. Although there are its relation with the "birth", nationalism has always been the "birth process". Nationalism is a modern phenomenon, a notion of nationhood was born out of the equation the fate and suffering as a result of colonization, thus was born the solidarity for the nation rise up and liberate themselves from colonialism to freedom and independence. When the standards of nationalism were patriotism and physical struggle, like war of independence first, certainly has a point, that the nationalism awareness of youth today is fading. However, it should be explained that now no longer possible to perform a physical struggle full of heroism like the past, but we now need is the social solidarity that can strengthen the social bonds of nationhood and Indonesianness in charge of this independence nature. This is what needs to be grown and developed because these values are now beginning to fade among the younger generation, the community and the nation's elite. Nationalism is not something static, but full of dynamics. Every era has different conditions and challenges, thus requiring a dynamic form of nationalism. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between nationalism, nation awareness, and the memories of the past as a reflection of history after 65 years of Indonesia Independent. Also as re-introspection ourselves as a nation, how far nationalism that has made us stronger in strengthening of Indonesianness nodes.

scholarly journals The Story of the Lost Thai Classical Music Ensemble: The Wang Bang Kholaem Ensemble

MANUSYA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Punnee Bualek
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Classical Ensemble ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Patronage System

This article was written to answer the following two questions, which are 1) What is the history of the Wang Bang Kholaem ensemble? What were the reasons for its establishment and dissolution? 2) What were the factors that led to its success? Did the relationship between the ensemble owner and his musicians contribute to its success? The results were: 1) The Wang Bang Kholaem Thai Classical ensemble was set up around 2470-2475 B.E. The owner was Prince Krommaluang Lopburirames. The ensemble was dissolved after his death. The reason why he chose Bang Kholaem as the location for his ensemble, was that, in the past, Bang Kholaem had been an area of peaceful and shady fruit yards faraway from the capital city, suited for building a retreat for practicing Thai classical music. 2) The factors contributing to the band’s success and fame included the fact that the ensemble’s owner was royal and was really fond of Thai classical music. He had enough assets to be a patron to a large number of talented musicians and was able to assemble many great teachers to train his musicians. The fact is that the musicians of the Wang Bang Kholaem ensemble inherited musical wisdom from the Wang Burabha ensemble, which belonged to Prince Bhanubhandhu-wongworadech, his father-in-law. Among the great teachers were: Luang Praditphairoh (Son Silapabanleng), Phra Phinbanlengraj (Yam Prasansup) and Phra Phatbanlengromya (Phim Wathin). Moreover, he was also able to gather many gifted musicians into the ensemble. In addition, the ensemble flourished and fostered great interest in the social and cultural environment of the period which existed during the reign of King Rama VII before the Revolution in 2475 B.E. 3) As for the relationship between the great teachers and the musicians, it was based on very strict discipline. In addition to the fact that the owner was of high royalty, the relationship between the owner and his musicians was that of the patronage system according to feudal tradition. The musicians respected and adored the owner so they dedicated themselves to working effortlessly to build a great reputation for the ensemble.

Landscapes and Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bridges ◽  
Sarah Osterhoudt
Keyword(s):  
Memory Studies ◽  
Personal Meaning ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anthropological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Discrete Moments ◽  
The Relationship

Broadly, landscapes can be considered terrains of connectivity. Landscapes encompass wild, cultivated, urban, feral, and fallow spaces, as well as the human and nonhuman entities who inhabit and shape them. Memory refers to the past as it exists in the present, bridging temporally discrete moments through the intentional or unintentional act of remembering. Memory studies, from the view of anthropology, include explorations of individual forms of remembrance, as well as the collective, heterogenous ways of marking, interpreting, and erasing the past. Taken together, landscapes and memory co-constitute one another: landscapes store, depict, and evoke memories while memories recall, revise, and shape landscapes. Knowledge and power are inevitably wrapped up in the relationship, and anthropologists have investigated the manifest ways such forces emerge through human acts of cultivation, commemoration, nostalgia, and forgetting. Because landscapes and memory appear in both physical and immaterial forms, the social constructs, cultural expressions, and human and nonhuman relationships on which they are based generate rich material for anthropological study. While landscape and memory are surely topics independently worthy of study, undertaking the two in tandem elucidates the intertwining threads that bind together space and time; such studies interrogate realms of personal meaning and political power while simultaneously highlighting dynamic processes of adaptation, improvisation, and erasure.

scholarly journals Claroscuros: logros y pendientes del Estado mexicano a 100 años de su constitución de 1917 = Chiaroscuro: achievements and outstanding of the state Mexican to 100 years of its constitution of 1917

2017 ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Blancas Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Society ◽  
Excellent Opportunity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

RESUMEN: A lo largo de 100 años, la constitución mexicana de 1917, se ha ido adecuando a los nuevos tiempos, circunstancias y exigencias de la sociedad, ampliándose sus derechos fundamentales, fortaleciéndose los mecanismos para su defensa, y ajustándose la relación entre el Estado y una sociedad plural, diversa y compleja. Sin embargo, en esta trayectoria el texto constitucional no ha estado exento de claroscuros motivados por las constantes reformas que ha sufrido en las últimas dos décadas. Esta conmemoración es una excelente oportunidad de mirar al pasado para revalorar los orígenes del pacto social.ABSTRACT: Over 100 years, the Mexican constitution of 1917, has been adapting to the new times, circumstances and requirements of society, expanding their fundamental rights, strengthening mechanisms for their defense, and adjusting the relationship between the State and a plural, diverse and complex society. However, on this path the constitutional text has not been without of chiaroscuro motivated by constant reforms that has suffered in the last two decades. This commemoration is an excellent opportunity to look to the past to revaluate the origins of the social pact.PALABRAS CLAVE: constitucionalismo mexicano, pluralidad, Estado, gobierno dividido, sistema político. KEYWORDS: Mexican constitutionalism, plurality, State, divided government, political system.

scholarly journals Achieving a Shared Understanding of Life. Artists’ reflections on their constructions of the past and the self in traumatic and nostalgic autobiographical picturebooks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 121-154
Author(s):  
Marloes Schrijvers
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Text And Image ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Flow Of Time

When sharing the own life story through a picturebook, artists are expected to be influenced by several factors: their motive for creating an autobiographical picturebook, the construction of their past self and present self through the interplay of text and image, and social, historical and cultural factors and the flow of time between the past and the present. Creators of autobiographical picturebooks may, to a greater or lesser extent, reflect on how these factors have influenced the construction of their life narrative. This article analyzes Peter Sís’s The wall (2007) and Ed Young’s The house Baba built (2011). In both autobiographical picturebooks, the ‘hand of the artist’ cannot be overlooked. The artistic choices show how Sís’s book is based on traumatic memories of his childhood experiences, whereas Young’s book is a nostalgic reflection on his safe and happy childhood. Both artists have been influenced by the social context of their past, but they differ in reflecting on these influences. Sís does not inform the reader about how the book is created or about what led him to making certain choices. Young, on the other hand, reflects explicitly on his process of remembering and creating the book. This article shows how such explicit reflection affects the relation between the life narrator and the reader. Because ‘autobiographical truth’ can be understood as an intersubjective exchange between narrator and reader, ideally leading to a shared understanding of the meaning of a life, the narrator’s explicit reflection on the factors influencing the construction of the life story may ease this ‘shared understanding’. As the books discussed here are examples of ‘crossover picturebooks’, future research may discover whether a shared understanding of life is achieved alike for adult and younger readers. This article was submitted on November 1st, 2013, and published on November 3rd, 2014.

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