Sepiolite as a nanofiller to improve mechanical and thermal behavior of recycled high-density polyethylene

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Farshchi ◽  
Yalda K Ostad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

Regarding the current demand for controlling plastic pollution, recycling of polymer sounds a promising solution. However, recycling causes mechanical and thermal shortcomings in polymers. Addition of nanoparticles to recycled materials may overcome these shortcomings. Nanocomposites can be achieved either by blending or through polymerization. Sepiolite as a nanoparticle enhances the thermal properties of polymers. In this study, the effect of sepiolite as a nanoparticle has been investigated on the thermal and mechanical behavior of recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Hardness, density, Vicat softening temperature, melt flow rate (MFR), and differential scanning calorimetry has been investigated on recycled HDPE containing different amount of sepiolite. Results showed that both the amount of recycled HDPE and the sepiolite content affect the mechanical and thermal behavior of samples. Increasing the amount of recycled component resulted in increasing of MFR, a slight increase in density, and decrease in Vicat softening point, hardness, melting temperature, and degree of crystallization. As an opposite effect of these to factors on crystallinity of HDPE, sepiolite content has better effects to be considered separately for each recycle content. Sepiolite can be introduced as a low-cost reinforcement filler in recycling industry for tuning new compositions based on process condition, or vice versa.

scholarly journals Valorization Strategy for Leather Waste as Filler for High-Density Polyethylene Composites: Analysis of the Thermal Stability, Insulation Properties and Chromium Leaching

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3313
Author(s):  
Eylem Kiliç ◽  
Helena Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Quim Tarrés ◽  
Marc Delgado-Aguilar ◽  
Pere Fullana-i-Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Leather Waste ◽  
Internal Mixer

Leather waste (BF) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were compounded in a lab scale internal mixer and processed by means of injection molding. In this study, leather waste and HDPE composites were characterized by instrumental techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Physical integrity of composites against chemical exposure and chromium-leaching properties of the composites were also investigated. This study shows that the incorporation of 30% leather waste fiber into HDPE composites decreases the thermal conductivity of the composite samples by 17% in comparison to that of neat HDPE samples. Composites showed no thermal degradation during processing cycle. Strong interfacial bonding between leather waste and polymer results in comparable low-leachate levels to maximum allowed concentration for nonhazardous waste, and good chemical resistance properties. The BF/HDPE composites could be a promising low-cost alternative in industrial application areas of HDPE, where high-mechanical strength and low-thermal conductivity is required.

Tuning the Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene by ECAE Process

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalin Fetecau ◽  
Felicia Stan ◽  
Laurentiu Sandu ◽  
Florin Susac
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Indentation Tests

This paper investigates the ability of the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process to induce morphological changes and hence tune the mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression and cylindrical macro-indentation tests have been used to investigate the evolution of the mechanical properties of HDPE processed by ECAE up to four passes via route BC, i.e. counter clockwise 90° billet rotation about its longitudinal axis. It was found that the ECAE process induces significant plastic deformations with changes in the crystalline structure. The ECAE process increased the HDPE crystallinity by 10 to 15%. The number of ECAE passes has a significant effect on the magnitude of the mechanical properties especially on the elastic modulus and yield stress. Young’s modulus and yield strength decreased with increasing the number of ECAE passes and reached a stationary state after the third pass.

Tensile and flammability characterizations of corn straw slagging/high-density polyethylene composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1466-1477
Author(s):  
Qingfa Zhang ◽  
Wenyu Lu ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Donghong Zhang ◽  
Hongzhen Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Scanning Electron

Biocomposites were prepared with corn straw slagging (CSS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) at four loading levels (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%) by extrusion method. CSS/HDPE composites were tested by tension, oxygen index meter, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and the scanning electron microscopy. The scanning electron microscopy showed that CSS was dispersed uniformly in the HDPE matrix and strong interfacial interaction was achieved, which had an important influence on the tensile strength of the composites. The tensile strength of the composites could be improved with proper increase of CSS and reached maximum value at 30 wt% content. Furthermore, the addition of CSS played an important role in improving the flame-retardant ability of CSS/HDPE composites, and the limited oxygen index was 31.26% at 40 wt% content, good flame-retardant effect achieved.

Stress-Induced Crystal-to-Crystal Transformations in High-Density Polyethylene-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: A Spectroscopic Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiros Tzavalas ◽  
Vasilis G. Gregoriou
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
High Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Ft Ir

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)–clay nanocomposites have been prepared using the melt intercalation technique. Organically modified montmorillonite at various loadings (0.5–7%) was used as a nanoadditive. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was utilized for the first time to monitor the stress-induced crystal-to-crystal transformations of the polyethylene matrix with respect to the clay loading as well as to the degree of mechanical strain. In addition, polarized infrared measurements revealed information on both the orientation and the stress-induced distortion of the crystals. It was concluded that the crystal-to-crystal transformations are hindered by the presence of the clay, which also prevented the crystals from orienting even at low clay loadings (1%). Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements confirmed the presence of the stress-induced crystalline structures in agreement with the infrared measurements.

Investigations into the mechanical, morphological and thermal analyses of friction stir processing of high-density polyethylene composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jicheng Gao ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yifu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Processing ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Polyethylene Composites

The aim of this work is to fabricate the high-density polyethylene–copper composites by submerged friction stir processing at different traverse speeds. The scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the distribution of microstructure and particles. The experimental results indicated that the macrostructure morphology, microstructure and tensile strength vary depending on the traverse speed. Compared with the pure high-density polyethylene, Cu-filled polymer composites showed lower tensile strength and higher microhardness. The maximal values of the tensile strength and microhardness were achieved at traverse speeds of 30 and 15 mm/min, respectively. The thermal properties of Cu-filled high-density polyethylene composites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The crystalline content of the composites was decreased due to the addition of copper. From the experimental tests, it can be concluded that submerged fiction stir processing has a great potential for producing polymer–metal composites.

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Coal Ash-Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 1850002
Author(s):  
Ban M. Alshabander ◽  
Awattif A. Mohammed ◽  
Asmaa Sh. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
High Density ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

In this study, coal ash/recycled plastic composite material was fabricated with post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and coal ash particles. The main idea of using coal ash, since it is also a waste product, as reinforcing filler in recycled HDPE is to reduce the cost, develop lightweight and produce environmental-friendly materials. Coal ash/recycled plastic composite have been used in significant applications as construction materials including flooring, landscaping, fencing, railing window framing and roof tiles. Effect of coal ash loading on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of coal ash/recycled HDPE composite were determined. It is expected to use waste materials in new field by getting novel composite materials with developed mechanical properties. It was found that coal ash filler indicated significant improvement on the mechanical properties of composites. The results show that the impact decreased tremendously from 57.32 to 15.8[Formula: see text]kJ/m2 with only 30[Formula: see text]wt.% loading of coal ash. The filler increases the elasticity of the material and reduces its ability to absorb deformation energy.

scholarly journals Graphene Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/High Density Polyethylene Blend-Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik Behera ◽  
Mithilesh Yadav ◽  
Fang-Chyou Chiu ◽  
Kyong Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
High Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽  
Polyethylene Blend ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Mixing Method

In this study, a graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) was used as a reinforcing filler to prepare poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blend-based nanocomposites through a melt mixing method. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the GNP was mainly distributed within the PVDF matrix phase. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that PVDF and HDPE retained their crystal structure in the blend and composites. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of GNP enhanced the thermal stability of the blend, which was more evident in a nitrogen environment than in an air environment. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that GNP facilitated the nucleation of PVDF and HDPE in the composites upon crystallization. The activation energy for non-isothermal crystallization of PVDF increased with increasing GNP loading in the composites. The Avrami n values ranged from 1.9–3.8 for isothermal crystallization of PVDF in different samples. The Young’s and flexural moduli of the blend improved by more than 20% at 2 phr GNP loading in the composites. The measured rheological properties confirmed the formation of a pseudo-network structure of GNP-PVDF in the composites. The electrical resistivity of the blend reduced by three orders at a 3-phr GNP loading. The PVDF/HDPE blend and composites showed interesting application prospects for electromechanical devices and capacitors.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties, Wettability and Thermal Degradation of HDPE/Birch Fiber Composite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Agbelenko Koffi ◽  
Fayçal Mijiyawa ◽  
Demagna Koffi ◽  
Fouad Erchiqui ◽  
Lotfi Toubal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
High Density ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Wood–plastic composites have emerged and represent an alternative to conventional composites reinforced with synthetic carbon fiber or glass fiber–polymer. A wide variety of wood fibers are used in WPCs including birch fiber. Birch is a common hardwood tree that grows in cool areas such as the province of Quebec, Canada. The effect of the filler proportion on the mechanical properties, wettability, and thermal degradation of high-density polyethylene/birch fiber composite was studied. High-density polyethylene, birch fiber and maleic anhydride polyethylene as coupling agent were mixed and pressed to obtain test specimens. Tensile and flexural tests, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis and surface energy measurement were carried out. The tensile elastic modulus increased by 210% as the fiber content reached 50% by weight while the flexural modulus increased by 236%. The water droplet contact angle always exceeded 90°, meaning that the material remained hydrophobic. The thermal decomposition mass loss increased proportional with the percentage of fiber, which degraded at a lower temperature than the HDPE did. Both the storage modulus and the loss modulus increased with the proportion of fiber. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, neither the fiber proportion nor the coupling agent proportion affected the material melting temperature.

Effects of Recycled Melamine-Formaldehyde Plastic on Properties of High-Density Polyethylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
Ming Shan Yang ◽  
Lin Kai Li
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
High Density ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Flame Retardant Property ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
Size Stability

The modification process of recycled melamine-formaldehyde(MF) plastic on high-density polyethylene(HDPE) has been studied, and the optimal compounding parameters were obtained by twin extruding system in this paper. The results showed that with increasing of recycled MF plastic in PE, the tensile strength, elongation at break, molding shrinkage and impact strength decreased, the modulus, heat distortion temperature(HDT) and melt flow rate(MFR) increased, which indicates that the addition of recycled MF plastic can improve rigidity, heat resistance, size stability and flowability of HDPE. More importantly, the oxygen index(OI) of HDPE was increased with the addition of recycled MF plastic, which indicates that recycled MF plastic can improve the flame-retardant property of HDPE.

Exploration on compatibilizing effect of nonionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants on mechanical, morphological, and chemical properties of high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose biocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Sudari ◽  
AA Shamsuri ◽  
ES Zainudin ◽  
PM Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Sodium Stearate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Compatibilizing Effect

Three types of surfactants, specifically cationic, anionic, and nonionic, at different weight percentages were added into high-density polyethylene/low-density polyethylene/cellulose (HDPE/LDPE/cellulose) biocomposites via melt mixing. The cationic and anionic surfactants which are hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) and sodium stearate (SS), respectively, were added from 4 to 20 wt%, whereas the nonionic surfactant which is sorbitan monostearate (SM) was added from 1 to 5 wt%. The mechanical testing results exhibited that the addition of HTAB increased tensile strength and tensile modulus, while SS deteriorated mechanical properties, while SM increased impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites. Based on the mechanical properties results, optimum weight percentages of HTAB and SM were 12 wt% and 4 wt%, respectively. The scanning electron microscopic micrographs displayed that the amount of cellulose fillers pullout decreased with the addition of HTAB, followed by SM, but it increased with SS. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffractometer patterns, thermogravimetric analysis results, and differential scanning calorimetry thermograms have confirmed the presence of physical interactions only with the addition of HTAB and SM. Based on the results, compatibilizing effect was found in HTAB, whereas SM has not showed compatibilizing effect but instead plasticizing effect. However, neither compatibilizing nor plasticizing effect was exhibited by SS.

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