Insulin Resistance Is Independently Associated With Enlarged Perivascular Space in the Basal Ganglia in Nondiabetic Healthy Elderly Population

Objectives: To investigate the association between insulin resistance (IR) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) in the basal gangliain nondiabetic healthy elderly population. Methods: A total of 235 nondiabetic healthy elderly population were recruited. A 3-level scale was used to evaluate the burden of EPVSs. The homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was used for IR estimation. Correlation between IR and severity of EPVS was assessed using the regression model after adjusting demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The top quartile of HOMA-IR was 2.52, and 25.11% of patients showed IR. The proportion of patients with IR was higher in the moderate to severe EPVS group than in the mild group (36.51% vs 20.93%, P = .015). In multivariate logistic analysis, IR was positively correlated with the moderate to severe EPVS (adjusted odds ratio: 3.532, 95% confidence interval: 1.633-7.636, P = .001) after adjusting classical risk factors. Conclusions: Insulin resistance was independently correlated with EPVS in the basal ganglia in nondiabetic healthy elderly population.

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Serum uric acid and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in obese children

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-08-0618 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 160 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Lucia Pacifico ◽

Vito Cantisani ◽

Caterina Anania ◽

Elisabetta Bonaiuto ◽

Francesco Martino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Children ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

Carotid Imt

ObjectiveThe association between hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome (MS), and atherosclerotic vascular disease has been reported in adults, but very little is known about this association in children. The aims of our study were to ascertain the correlates of uric acid (UA) in a sample of obese children, and to investigate whether UA is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) independently from classical risk factors including MS.MethodsWe analyzed carotid IMT along with serum triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, and UA in 120 obese children and 50 healthy control children.ResultsUA concentrations were significantly higher in obese children compared with controls; moreover, they correlated with the most established cardiovascular risk factors. In the group of obese children, after adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, and creatinine, an independent association between UA levels and the presence of MS syndrome was observed (unstandardized coefficient, 0.044 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.015–0.072); P<0.01). Carotid IMT significantly increased in the fourth quartile of UA compared with that in the first, second, and third quartile (0.49 (0.46–0.53), 0.53 (0.49–0.56), and 0.55 (0.52–0.59) vs 0.61 (95% CI, 0.58–0.64); P<0.01). When multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting for age, gender, pubertal stage, creatinine, and MS (considered as a single clinical entity), or the individual components of MS simultaneously included, the association between UA and carotid IMT was significant (P<0.01).ConclusionsIn obese children and adolescents, increased UA levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

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Serum uric acid is associated with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Uygur population

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h09-101 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1032-1039 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nan F. Li ◽

Hong M. Wang ◽

Jin Yang ◽

Ling Zhou ◽

Xiao G. Yao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Uric Acid ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Model Assessment

The prevalence of hyperuricemia is low in Uygurs, who have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, overweight–obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance (IR). This study sought to investigate the relationships between serum uric acid (UA) and these risk factors in this population. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Uygurs (859 males, 1268 females) aged 20 to 70 years. Demographic data, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), and fasting and postprandial blood were obtained, and biological measurements were determined. The mean of BMI, SBP, DBP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and the prevalence of hypertension, IR, hyperglycemia, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia increased with UA but the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreased (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios for IR, overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, and hypertriglyceridemia against the lowest UA group increased but decreased for hypo-HDL-c (p < 0.05). The UA in the hypo-HDL-c group was lower than that of the controls; the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c in hyperuricemia subjects was lower than in those with normal UA (p < 0.05). But the opposite results were observed between overweight–obesity, hyperglycemia, IR, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyper-LDL-c and correspondence controls, respectively (p < 0.05). In Uygur, elevated UA is associated with overweight–obesity, hypercholesteremia, hyper-LDL-c, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and IR. The HDL-c level significantly increases with UA, whereas the prevalence of hypo-HDL-c decreases. Further studies are needed to clarify why UA is positively correlated to HDL-c.

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Abstract P258: Physical Activity Attenuates the Impact of Obesity on Cardiometabolic Risk: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap258 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Paul A McAuley ◽

Haiying Chen ◽

Duck-chul Lee ◽

Enrique G Artero ◽

David A Bluemke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Low Hdl ◽

The Impact

Background: The impact of higher physical activity on the relationship between adiposity and cardiometabolic risk is not completely understood. Methods: The cross-sectional association between body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic risk stratified by intentional physical activity was examined in 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants, during 2000-2002. Self-reported physical activity in the lowest quartile (0-105 MET-minutes/wk) was categorized as inactive with the upper three quartiles (123-37,260 MET-minutes/wk) categorized as active. The association of BMI categories of normal-weight, overweight and obese stratified by physical activity status (inactive or active) with cardiometabolic risk factors (low HDL-cholesterol [<50 mg/dL], high triglycerides [TG] [≥200 mg/dl], hypertension [HTN] [BP ≥140/90 or current treatment], insulin resistance [highest quartile of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)], and impaired fasting glucose [IFG] [≥100 mg/dl]/diabetes mellitus [DM]) were assessed using logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, and current smoking. Results: As expected, overweight and obese participants had a more abnormal risk profile. Among obese participants, those with increased physical activity had reduced odds of insulin resistance (47% lower; p<0.001) and IFG/DM (23% lower; p=0.04). Increased physical activity had a beneficial, but more modest effect on other traditional CVD risk factors ( Table ). Conclusion: A beneficial impact of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk was observed that partially attenuated the abnormal impact of obesity. Odds ratio (95% CI) for cardiometabolic abnormality by BMI-PA category Low-HDL High-TG HTN HOMA-IR IFG/DM Normal Active 1.0 (reference) 1.0 (reference) 1.0 (reference) 1.0 (reference) 1.0 (reference) Normal Inactive 1.3 (1.0-1.7) 1.4 (0.9-2.1) 1.1 (0.8-1.4) 1.1 (0.7-1.7) 1.0 (0.7-1.4) Overweight Active 1.9 (1.6-2.2) 2.1 (1.6-2.6) 1.5 (1.3-1.8) 3.2 (2.5-4.2) 2.1 (1.7-2.5) Overweight Inactive 2.5 (2.0-3.1) 2.0 (1.5-2.8) 1.5 (1.2-1.9) 3.8 (2.8-5.2) 2.1 (1.6-2.7) Obese Active 2.9 (2.4-3.7) 2.5 (1.9-3.4) 2.2 (1.8-2.7) 7.6 (5.6-10.2) 3.4 (2.7-4.4) Obese Inactive 3.1 (2.4-4.1) 2.7 (1.9-3.8) 2.5 (2.0-3.3) 14.3 (10.3-19.7) 4.4 (3.4-5.9)

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Influences of Recreational Tennis-Playing Exercise Time on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Healthy Elderly: The ExAMIN AGE Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18031255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 1255

Author(s):

Hsiao-Han Chao ◽

Yi-Hung Liao ◽

Chun-Chung Chou

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Activity Level ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Metabolic Biomarkers

Background: Aging and chronic degeneration are the primary threats to cardiometabolic health in elderly populations. Regular appropriate exercise would benefit the advanced aging population. Purpose: This study investigates whether the degree of weekly tennis participation exhibits differences in primary cardiometabolic parameters, including arterial stiffness, inflammation, and metabolic biomarkers in elderly tennis players. Methods: One hundred thirty-five long-term participants in elder tennis (>50 years old) were initially screened. Twenty-six eligible and voluntary subjects were divided into high tennis time group (HT) (14 ± 1.3 h/week) and low tennis time group (LT) (4.5 ± 0.7 h/week) by stratification analysis based on the amount of tennis playing activity time. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), blood pressure, ankle-brachial index (ABI), blood metabolic biomarkers, and insulin resistance were measured to compare the difference between HT and LT groups. Results: The baPWV was significantly lower in the HT group than that in the LT group (1283.92 ± 37.01 vs. 1403.69 ± 53.71 cm/s, p < 0.05). We also found that the HT insulin-resistant homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was significantly lower than that of LT (1.41 ± 0.11 vs. 2.27 ± 0.48 μIU/mL, p < 0.05). However, the blood lipid biomarkers (glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride) were not statistical different between HT and LT groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that under the condition of similar daily physical activity level, elderly with a higher time of tennis-playing (HT group) exhibited relatively lower arterial stiffness (lower PWV) and lower insulin resistance compared to those with lower time tennis-playing (LT).

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The Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and the Associated Risk Factors in a Sample of 14–18-Year-Old Slovak Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18030909 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 909

Author(s):

Jana Jurkovičová ◽

Katarína Hirošová ◽

Diana Vondrová ◽

Martin Samohýl ◽

Zuzana Štefániková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Skewed Distribution ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Lifestyle Risk

The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has increased in Slovakian adolescents as a result of serious lifestyle changes. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and the associations with cardiometabolic and selected lifestyle risk factors in a sample of Slovak adolescents. In total, 2629 adolescents (45.8% males) aged between 14 and 18 years were examined in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure (BP), and resting heart rate were measured; fasting venous blood samples were analyzed; and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) was calculated. For statistical data processing, the methods of descriptive and analytical statistics for normal and skewed distribution of variables were used. The mean HOMA-IR was 2.45 ± 1.91, without a significant sex differences. IR (cut-off point for HOMA-IR = 3.16) was detected in 18.6% of adolescents (19.8% males, 17.6% females). IR was strongly associated with overweight/obesity (especially central) and with almost all monitored cardiometabolic factors, except for total cholesterol (TC) and systolic BP in females. The multivariate model selected variables such as low level of physical fitness, insufficient physical activity, breakfast skipping, a small number of daily meals, frequent consumption of sweetened beverages, and low educational level of fathers as significant risk factors of IR in adolescents. Recognizing the main lifestyle risk factors and early IR identification is important in terms of the performance of preventive strategies. Weight reduction, regular physical activity, and healthy eating habits can improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the incidence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

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Insulin Resistance in Association with Thyroid Function, Psychoemotional State, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3388

Author(s):

Nijole Kazukauskiene ◽

Aurelija Podlipskyte ◽

Giedrius Varoneckas ◽

Narseta Mickuviene

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Study Groups ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Psychoemotional State ◽

Study Participants

Background: Individuals with insulin resistance (IR) have a high risk of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and they are more likely to have depression. Furthermore, IR by itself is a major cardiovascular risk factor in healthy persons. Thus, we aimed to investigate IR in association with thyroid function, psychoemotional state, and cardiovascular risk factors among 45–84-year-old citizens of Palanga. Methods: A randomized epidemiological study was performed with 850 subjects. All participants were evaluated for sociodemographic, clinical, and cardiovascular risk factors and biochemical analysis. IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Results: All study participants were stratified into groups without IR (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.7) and with IR (HOMA-IR > 2.7). The analysis of parameters between the two study groups showed some statistically significant relationships between IR and cardiovascular risk factors. The predictable accuracy was presented using receiver performance characteristic curves for HOMA-IR scores in women and men separately. If the HOMA-IR score is higher than 3.45, individuals are significantly more likely to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conclusions: An increase of fasting glucose and more frequent incidence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases in subjects with IR are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. There was no significant association between thyroid function and HOMA-IR. HOMA-IR cut-offs could predict the presence of T2DM.

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The association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment is mediated by chronic low-grade inflammation

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (10) ◽

pp. 1724-1734 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Eirini C. Spyridaki ◽

Panagiotis Simos ◽

Pavlina D. Avgoustinaki ◽

Eirini Dermitzaki ◽

Maria Venihaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fluid Intelligence ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Low Grade ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Low Grade Inflammation

Published evidence suggests that obesity impairs cognition. Development of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI) represents the earliest consequence of obesity. The present study investigated the association between obesity and fluid intelligence impairment and assessed the potential mediating role of CLGI and psychological (depression/anxiety symptoms), lifestyle (exercise) and physiological (metabolic dysfunction indices) factors in this association. Clinically healthy participants (n 188), grouped as per BMI, underwent cognitive (General Ability Measure for Adults), psychological (Beck Depression Inventory-II and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and activity (Godin leisure-time physical activity) measurements. Biochemical parameters included the following: (a) indices of CLGI (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and fibrinogen); (b) insulin resistance (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance index); (c) adiposity (plasma adiponectin). An inverse association between elevated BMI and fluid intelligence was observed, with obese participants displaying significantly poorer performance compared with age-matched normal-weight peers. Structural equation modelling results were consistent with a negative impact of obesity on cognition that was mediated by CLGI. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that reduced general cognitive ability is associated with obesity, an adverse effect mainly mediated by obesity-associated activation of innate immunity.

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The Relationship of Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio with Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance Index and Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently Healthy Korean Male Adults

Korean Diabetes Journal ◽

10.4093/kdj.2010.34.4.237 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Chan-Hee Jung ◽

Eun-Jung Rhee ◽

Ji-Hoon Choi ◽

Ji-Cheol Bae ◽

Seung-Hyun Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Insulin Resistance Index ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Apparently Healthy

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Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study

Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1177/20420188211049607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 204201882110496

Author(s):

Gurhan Guney ◽

Mine Islimye Taskin ◽

Ozgur Baykan ◽

Ertan Adali ◽

Selin Gul Tezcan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. Results: Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.

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