Microbiological Species and Antibiotic Resistance in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Lower Extremity Wounds: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110539
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. dos Santos ◽  
Maria G. M. de Andrade Barberino ◽  
Carlos A. S. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Severe lower extremity wounds have an increased risk of complications and limb loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance of wounds in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at a public hospital including 111 patients with moderate to severe wound infections. Tissue samples were collected during a surgical procedure. One hundred and four patients (94%) had positive cultures and 88 (79%) had a Gram-negative microorganism. Among the 185 cultured microorganisms, 133 (72%) were Gram-negative species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 cases) was the most isolated Gram-negative species, and Enterococcus faecalis (26 cases) was the most prevalent Gram-positive species. Among 185 isolated species, 45 (24%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, 23 (12%) were carbapenem-resistant, and 5 (3%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the microbiological profile and antibiotic resistance among patients with lower extremity wounds whether they were diabetic or nondiabetic.

P20 Parental understanding of concussion in youth rugby is significantly improved by viewing the RFU concussion education video

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e31.1-e31
Author(s):  
T Samuel ◽  
K Aquilina ◽  
W Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Experience ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composite Scores

ObjectivesTo investigate the current understanding parents have of concussion in their rugby-playing children aged 9–17.DesignCross-sectional studySubjects86 parents from four clubs completed an online questionnaireMethodsAreas covered (1) Parental experience of concussion (2) Rate of viewing of the RFU concussion educational video (RFUCEV), (3) Identification of symptoms of concussion (4) Understanding of the risk of concussion. Each participant was given a composite score, out of 19, based on their performance in symptom identification and true/false questions. Independent-sample two-tailed t-tests were conducted to analyse scores, primarily controlling for viewing of the RFUCEVResultsThere was a significant difference in the scores between the group that had viewed the RFUCEV (n=32, M=14.75, SD=2.55) and those who had not (n=54, M=13.05, SD=2.87); t(84)=2.75, p=0.00721. Additionally, over 25% of parents reported that their child had suffered a concussion, and this was also found to significantly improve the awareness score (p=0.04678)ConclusionsStatistically significant improvement in composite scores after viewing the RFUCEV makes it reasonable to require compulsory parental education prior to signing up a child to play rugby. This would build on the protocol changes made by the RFU in 2014 and further progress the safety of the sport. We suggest the video be improved to emphasise the areas highlighted as inadequately understood, including the increased risk of concussion in under-18s compared to adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of neurodevelopment of preterm infants using Bayley III scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Veiga de Góes ◽  
Maria Dalva B. B. Méio ◽  
Rosane Reis de Mello ◽  
Denise Morsch
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: to assess cognitive, motor, and language development in preterm infants, and perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic factors associated with abnormal development. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 104 preterm infants (gestational ages < 33 weeks) (17 - 30 months corrected ages) using the Bayley III Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed and prevalence ratios calculated. Results: the average language score (81.9) was low, while cognitive (93.7) and motor (91.1) scores were within normal values. There were deficiencies in receptive but not in expressive language. Male sex (OR 2.55 CI 1.01-6.44) and neonatal pneumonia (OR 33.85 CI 3.3-337.8) were associated with abnormal language scores. No factor was associated with abnormal cognitive scores; male gender indicated an increased risk of abnormal motor scores. The lack of a father was a risk factor for impaired motor development (PR: 2.96, CI: 5.6 - 1.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the development of small and appropriate for gestational age children. Conclusions: the Bayley III Scale was useful for assessing language and cognition separately, discriminating between receptive and expressive language. There was a high frequency of language deficiencies, especially in receptive language. Although motor and cognitive average scores were within the normal range, there was a high frequency of children with delayed development in these areas, especially motor development.

scholarly journals Schoolbodys in urban industrial environments: are they at increased risk of bronchial asthma?

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-663
Author(s):  
A. Al Shairi ◽  
K. Al Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Industrial City ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Industrial Environments

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare the prevalence of bronchial asthma among Saudi schoolboys in Yanbu Industrial City and in two non-industrial villages. In 1993, questionnaires were distributed to 375 schoolboys for completion by their parents. The prevalence of questionnaire-diagnosed asthma in Yanbu Industrial City, and in the villages of Al-Furash and Al-Gafure, was 12.6%, 4.3% and 16% respectively. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in the three areas was 13.9%, 2.2% and 13.7% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods of diagnosis

scholarly journals The Association Between Time in Range %, and Physical & Functional Indices Amongst Older People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A477-A478
Author(s):  
Yamit Basson-Shleymovich ◽  
Tali Cukierman-Yaffe ◽  
Tal Yahalom-Peri ◽  
Michal Azmon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Extremity Strength ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Time In Range

Abstract Diabetes is a major public health burden associated with high mortality, morbidity, hospitalization and health care services utilization rates. People with diabetes have an increased risk for mobility disability compared to those without diabetes, after controlling for age. People with diabetes also have a higher risk for falls and fractures. Data from the last several years suggests that this increased risk is not only due to diabetes co-morbidities but also due to an accelerated decline in physical capacity due to lower muscle quality and a more rapid decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) and lower extremity strength over time. HBA1C is a measure of average glucose levels; however, it does not provide information about glycemic variability, or daily patterns of glycemia. In the last several years, several organizations have published consensus statements on the role of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in glucose control. The use of CGM has brought about the development of many glucose indices, amongst them is: Time In Range% (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10 mmol/L). Less is known regarding the association between TIR and sarcopenia, muscle mass loss that leads to deterioration in mobility, disabilities and decline in physical indices in older people with diabetes. Aims: To assess among older people with diabetes type 2, the cross sectional association between: TIR and aerobic capacity, gait speed, strength, balance and frailty indices. Methods: A cross sectional study, conducted amongst people with diabetes over the age of 60. Participants were provided with a blinded CGM system- (I Pro2 carelink, Medtronic) for 1 week and underwent elaborate physical-functional assessment in the beginning and at the end of that week. The association between the % of time in range (Time in Range-TIR) and several physical indices was determined using linear regression. Results: This analysis pertains to 55 men and women who completed the evaluation. After adjustment for age and gender, we found that 1% increase in TIR was associated with a 0.341 higher score on the 30 second Sit to Stand score (a measure of lower extremity strength) (P-value=0.02), a 0.351 higher score on the BERG scale (a measure of balance) (P-value=0.01), a 0.271 lower score on the timed up and go score (a measure of fall risk and balance) (P-value=0.008), a 0.289 higher score on the 6-minute walk score (a measure of aerobic capacity and endurance) (P-value=0.02) and a 0.261 lower score on the 360 turn test (a measure of dynamic balance) (P-value=0.0004). The same was not observed for the relationship between HGA1C & physical indices.

scholarly journals Perbedaan arus puncak ekspirasi antara anak asma dengan obesitas dan anak asma tanpa obesitas

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Nurul Hadi ◽  
Madarina Julia ◽  
Roni Naning
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obesity in children is associated with impairment of pulmonary function and increased risk of asthma. Obesity in asthmatic children may reduce lung function, that can be assessed by peak flow meter, a practical and an inexpensive tool.Objectives: To compare the peak expiratory flow (PEF) between obese and non-obese asthmatic children.Method: We conducted a cross sectional study in Yogyakarta during March 2010-September 2012. Fifty obese asthmatic patients and 50 non obese asthmatic control subjects participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were asthmatic patient, according to Pedoman Nasional Asma Anak (PNAA), and 6-18 years of age. Exclusion criteria were asthmatic attack, respiratory disease, heart disease and congenital chest malformation. Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) for age more than +3 SD WHO growth chart standards BMI for age 2007 z-score. Z-score is calculated with WHO AnthroPlus for Personal Computers. Data PEF is taken with electrical peak flow meter when the patient was not suffering from asthma attack. Normal PEF was defined as PEF ≥80% average (predicted) value for height.Results: The mean of age of asthmatic children in this study was 9.38 years and 9.50 years for non obese and obese respectively. The PFR was not different between obese asthmatic children and non obese asthmatic children (p=0,83). Pearson correlation of PFR and z-score BMI for age was positive weak correlation (r=0.12). There was significant difference of PFR between z-score BMI for age <3,20 and z-score BMI for age ≥3.20 (p=0.03). Significant difference of PFR also appears in duration of illness (p<0.001).Conclusion: There is no PFR difference between obese asthmatic children and non-obese asthmatic children. The difference of PFR emerges when statistic analysis performed using z-score BMI ≥3.20.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study on Balance Deficits and Gait Deviations in COPD Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jirange ◽  
K. Vaishali ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Sinha ◽  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Bairapareddy ◽  
Gopala Krishna Alaparthi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Balance Deficits ◽  
Fear Of Falls

Background. The gait abnormalities were linked to the balance deficits in the previous studies. However, the deviations in the gait parameters in COPD are currently not known. The study aims to compare gait parameters, static and dynamic balance, and risk of falls in COPD with those in non-COPD individuals. Method. Fourty-two patients with COPD aged 45 years and gender-matched control subjects were included in the study. Gait parameters were assessed by Win-Track gait analyzer, the static balance was assessed by posturography, and the dynamic balance was assessed by the time up and go test. The fear of falls was assessed by Falls Efficacy Scale. Results. COPD individuals had decreased static and dynamic balance as assessed by posturography ( p < 0.05 ) and TUG ( p < 0.01 ), respectively. A significant difference in swing duration ( p = 0.004 ) and also increased risk of falls ( p < 0.01 ) was observed in COPD patients as compared to non-COPD individuals. Conclusion. COPD individuals have increased swing duration, reduced static and dynamic balance, and increased fear of falls as compared to non-COPD individuals.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study in 10 Colombian cities

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107487
Author(s):  
Jeadran Nevardo Malagón-Rojas ◽  
Marcela Mercado-Reyes ◽  
Yezith G Toloza-Pérez ◽  
Eliana L Parra Barrera ◽  
Marien Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Automated Immunoassay

BackgroundHealthcare workers are at increased risk of infection due to occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in Colombia.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study focused on estimating the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers from 65 hospitals in 10 cities in Colombia during the second semester of 2020. The seroprevalence was determined using an automated immunoassay (Abbott SARS-CoV-2 CLIA IgG). The study included a survey to establish the sociodemographic variables and the risk of infection. A multivariate model was used to evaluate the association between the results of seroprevalence and risk factors.ResultsThe global seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was 35% (95% Bayesian CI 33% to 37%). All the personnel reported the use of protective equipment. General services personnel and nurses presented the highest ratios of seroprevalence among the healthcare workers. Low socioeconomic strata have shown a strong association with seropositivity.ConclusionThis study estimates the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers. Even though all the personnel reported the use of protective equipment, the seroprevalence in the general services personnel and nurses was high. Also, a significant difference by cities was observed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antibiotic Knowledge Among Final Year Pharmacy Students at Baghdad University

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Ehab Mudher Mikhael ◽  
Mohammed Khudhair Hasan ◽  
Sama Zaid Abdulridha
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Antibiotics are life-saving drugs that if misused lead to antibiotic resistance and consequently to a substantial public health issue. Pharmacists have a major role in ensuring the rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess antibiotic knowledge among final year pharmacy students at Baghdad University. Methods: A cross sectional study using a newly developed and validated questionnaire was given for 148 final year (5th stage) students at Baghdad University – College of Pharmacy during November 2016. Only 140 students (response rate 93%) completed the questionnaire. The 10 items-questionnaire consisted of 5 major domains: Antibiotic effectiveness, side effects, resistance, use in specific cases (e.g., during pregnancy and septicemia), and the legal issues of antibiotic dispensing. Results: Only 20% of students have good overall antibiotic knowledge. The least knowledge for pharmacy student was in regard to antibiotic side effects and antibiotic resistance at which only 22% and 19% of pharmacists possessed good antibiotic knowledge respectively. Knowledge of student was the best in legal issues of antibiotic dispensing. There was a non-significant difference in antibiotic knowledge between male and female pharmacy students. Conclusion: Antibiotic knowledge among pharmacy students at Baghdad University was very poor and less than expected.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study ofStaphylococcus AureusColonization and the Nasal and Oropharyngeal Microbiomes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Kates ◽  
Mark Dalman ◽  
James C. Torner ◽  
Tara C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Colonization Status ◽  
V3 Region

AbstractBackgroundStaphylococcus aureusis a frequent cause of both infections globally. Colonization with the organism is known to increase the risk of developing infections and occurs in roughly one third of the general population. While many factors influence colonization, it has been demonstrated other members of the microbiome influence colonization withS. aureus. Here, we assessed the nasal and oropharyngeal microbiomes of healthy participants in relation toS. aureuscolonization in a cross-sectional study using 16s rRNA sequencing of the v1-v3 region. As livestock workers have also been shown to be at an increased risk of carriage, we have also assessed microbiota differences in colonization status in a population of livestock workers.ResultsIn both the nares and oropharynx, there were no microbiota differentially abundant between colonized and non-colonized persons. However, there was a significant difference in the beta diversity (Bray-Curtis distances) between carriers and non-carriers (P=0.002). When considering carriage stratified by livestock exposure, there were a number of differences. Most notably, colonized livestock workers had significantly morePorphyomonas(2-fold change = -8.54,P= 0.03) than the non-colonized livestock workers.ConclusionsS. aureusis a frequent colonizer of the human upper respiratory tract, including the nares and oropharynx and causes a wide range of infections. Livestock workers are at increased risk for carriage. Interventions such as improving oral hygiene may lead to decreasedS. aureuscarriage by reducing other bacterial species such asPorphyomonas. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed to better explore what microorganisms may be associated withS. aureuscolonization.

scholarly journals Home-delivered Meal-Participants may be at Greater Risk of Malnutrition Without the Meal Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Fayrouz A. Sakr-Ashour ◽  
Edwina Wambogo ◽  
Hee-Jung Song ◽  
Nadine R. Sahyoun
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives: 1) Examine total quality of foods consumed on the day a home-delivered meal (HDM) of the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANSP) was served, and when a HDM was not served, 2) Estimate proportion of HDM participants and non-participants meeting the daily average recommendations for guidance-based foods and nutrients. Design: cross-sectional study. Participants: Adults aged 67 years and older (n=1227), 620 HDM recipients, and 607 matching non-participants, examined in three groups; 1) meal recipients who received a HDM on the day of the 24-hr dietary recall; 2) no meal-recipients who did not receive a HDM on the day of the recall; and 3) matching HDM non-participants. Setting: Data was obtained from the national 2015-17 Outcomes Evaluation Study of HDM participants in the US. Results: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) -2010 scores of HDM participants were significantly lower on the day the meal was not received compared to when a meal were received (52.5 vs. 63.4, p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the total HEI-2010 scores of HDM meal-recipients and HDM non-participants. Despite the meal, less than 20% of HDM participants and non-participants met the 2010-Diet Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommended average daily intake for fruit, vegetables, dairy, protein foods and solid fats. Conclusion: HDM participants’ diet quality is poorer when they do not receive a meal putting them at increased risk of malnutrition. Expanding the OAANSP to offer meals on weekends and/or to include more than one meal per day is recommended to improve the diet of this vulnerable population.

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